Toxicity assessment on combined biological treatment of pharmaceutical industry effluents

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Inanc ◽  
B. Calli ◽  
K. Alp ◽  
F. Ciner ◽  
B. Mertoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Methanogenic Activity

This paper describes the wastewater characterization and aerobic/anaerobic treatability (oxygen uptake rate and biogas production measurement) of chemical-synthesis based pharmaceutical industry effluents in a nearby baker's yeast industry treatment plant. Preliminary experiments by the industry had indicated strong anaerobic toxicity. On the other hand, aerobic treatability was also uncertain due to complexity and unknown composition of the wastewater. The work in this study has indicated that the effluents of the pharmaceutical industry can be treated without toxicity in the aerobic stage of the treatment plant. Methanogenic activity tests with anaerobic sludge from the anaerobic treatment stage of the wastewater treatment plant and acetate as substrate have confirmed the strong toxicity, while showing that 30 min aeration or coagulation with an alum dose of 300 mg/l is sufficient for reducing the toxicity almost completely. Powdered activated carbon, lime and ferric chloride (100-1,000 mg/l) had no effect on reduction of the toxicity. Consequently, the pharmaceutical industry was recommended to treat its effluents in the anaerobic stage of the nearby baker's yeast industry wastewater treatment plan at which there will be no VOC emission and toxicity problem, provided that pretreatment is done.

Anaerobic Treatment of the High Strength Wastes from the Yeast Industry

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Çiftçi ◽  
I. Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors

This paper presents the full-scale anaerobic treatment results from a fermentation plant producing baker's yeast from sugar beet molasses. The process of baker's yeast production generates high strength industrial effluents with a chemical oxygen demand (GOD) of 10 000-30 000 mg/liter. In addition to the sugar containing substances sulphur and nitrogen containing substances are added to the batch processes to promote cell growth and to control pH. This results in rather high concentrations of sulphate 0000-2700 mg/l) and ammonia (400-900 mg/l) in the wastewater. The treatment plant at Pakmaya Izmit Factory has two different processes: anaerobic first-stage treatment and aerobic second stage treatment. The anaerobic first-stage treatment system includes a buffer tank, an acid reactor, two methane reactors, lamella separators, a gas storage tank and gas burning facilities. The anaerobic reactors were constructed as upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors (UASBR) with internal sludge recirculation facilities. The anaerobic reactors have been operating in series mode at mesophilic temperature ranges. Long term Organic Loading Rates (OLR) in the acid, the first and the second stage methane reactors have been averaging 9.8, 8.6 and 3 kg COD/m3·d respectively. Average COD removal is 75 percent in the anaerobic pretreatment stage. Average biogas production is 8000 m3/d, corresponding to a biogas conversion yield of 0.6 m3 per kg COD removed and it is equivalent to a netbioenergy recovery of 40 000 kWh/d.

The effect of anaerobic pre-treatment on the inert soluble COD of fermentation industry effluents

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Yilmaz ◽  
I. Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Process Wastewater ◽  
Volumetric Loading

The objective of this study is to determine the inert soluble COD of wastewaters from the fermentation industry. In this context, a series of experiments were performed for various effluents from baker's yeast industry including raw process wastewater, anaerobic pre-treatment plant effluents, domestic and washing waters mixture. The inert COD ratio (SISO) for the raw effluents from baker's yeast industry was determined as 0.1. This ratio was in the range of 0.20 to 0.30 for the anaerobically pre-treated effluents. TheSISO ratios for the wastewater simulating the effluent of the existing full-scale aerobic treatment plant have varied from 0.18 to 0.48. Such a large variation has been originated from the operating conditions of the existing full-scale anaerobic treatment plants. The higher volumetric loading rates and shorter sludge retention times correspond the lower SISO ratios for the full-scale anaerobic treatment systems in general.

Energy self-sufficient sewage wastewater treatment plants: is optimized anaerobic sludge digestion the key?

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1739-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jenicek ◽  
J. Kutil ◽  
O. Benes ◽  
V. Todt ◽  
J. Zabranska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Waste Activated Sludge ◽  
Sludge Digestion ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Digestion ◽  
Standard Energy

The anaerobic digestion of primary and waste activated sludge generates biogas that can be converted into energy to power the operation of a sewage wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). But can the biogas generated by anaerobic sludge digestion ever completely satisfy the electricity requirements of a WWTP with ‘standard’ energy consumption (i.e. industrial pollution not treated, no external organic substrate added)? With this question in mind, we optimized biogas production at Prague's Central Wastewater Treatment Plant in the following ways: enhanced primary sludge separation; thickened waste activated sludge; implemented a lysate centrifuge; increased operational temperature; improved digester mixing. With these optimizations, biogas production increased significantly to 12.5 m3 per population equivalent per year. In turn, this led to an equally significant increase in specific energy production from approximately 15 to 23.5 kWh per population equivalent per year. We compared these full-scale results with those obtained from WWTPs that are already energy self-sufficient, but have exceptionally low energy consumption. Both our results and our analysis suggest that, with the correct optimization of anaerobic digestion technology, even WWTPs with ‘standard’ energy consumption can either attain or come close to attaining energy self-sufficiency.

Common anaerobic treatability of pharmaceutical and yeast industry wastewater

1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
B. Gulmez ◽  
I. Ozturk ◽  
K. Alp ◽  
O. A. Arikan
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Baker’S Yeast ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Baker's Yeast ◽  
Maximum Inhibition ◽  
Aeration Process ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Industry Wastewater

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of pharmaceutical and baker's yeast industry effluents in a joint treatment system. Anaerobic treatability studies have been performed in a lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASBR). The experimental study has been carried out for 333 days. The influent COD's during the experimental study were about 10,000 mg/l. Pharmaceutical wastewater has a 5% of inhibition on the COD removals at the dilution rate of 1/100 or more in the joint anaerobic treatment with baker's yeast industry effluents. Maximum inhibition of 10% on the average was observed when the system was characterized with acclimation periods. The study has shown that, following the solvent extraction with pre-aeration process, a common anaerobic treatment can be applied to baker's yeast industry wastewater and to pharmaceutical industry effluents.

Winery and distillery wastewater treatment by anaerobic digestion

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Filter

Anaerobic digestion is widely used for wastewater treatment, especially in the food industries. Generally after the anaerobic treatment there is an aerobic post-treatment in order to return the treated water to nature. Several technologies are applied for winery wastewater treatment. They are using free cells or flocs (anaerobic contact digesters, anaerobic sequencing batch reactors and anaerobic lagoons), anaerobic granules (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket – UASB), or biofilms on fixed support (anaerobic filter) or on mobile support as with the fluidised bed. Some technologies include two strategies, e.g. a sludge bed with anaerobic filter as in the hybrid digester.With winery wastewaters (as for vinasses from distilleries) the removal yield for anaerobic digestion is very high, up to 90–95% COD removal. The organic loads are between 5 and 15 kgCOD/m3 of digester/day. The biogas production is between 400 and 600 L per kg COD removed with 60 to 70% methane content. For anaerobic and aerobic post-treatment of vinasses in the Cognac region, REVICO company has 99.7% COD removal and the cost is 0.52 Euro/m3 of vinasses.

scholarly journals Anaerobic treatment of coconut husk liquor for biogas production

2009 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1841-1846 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Leitão ◽  
A. M. Araújo ◽  
M. A. Freitas-Neto ◽  
M. F. Rosa ◽  
S. T. Santaella
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methanogenic Activity ◽  
Coconut Husk

The market for coconut water causes environmental problems as it is one of the major agro-industrial solid wastes in some developing countries. With the aim of reusing the coconut husk, Embrapa developed a system for processing this raw material. During the dewatering stage Coconut Husk Liquor (CHL) is generated with chemical oxygen demand (COD) varying from 60 to 70 g/L due to high concentrations of sugars and tannins. The present study evaluated the feasibility of anaerobic treatment of CHL through Anaerobic Toxicity Assay and the operation of a lab-scale Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor. Results showed that CHL can be treated through a UASB reactor operating with an OLR that reaches up to 10 kg/m3·d and that is maintained stable during the whole operation. With this operational condition, the removal efficiency was higher than 80% for COD and approximately 78% for total tannins, and biogas production was 20 m3 of biogas or 130 KWh per m3 of CHL. Seventy-five percent of the biogas composition was methane and toxicity tests demonstrated that CHL was not toxic to the methanogenic consortia. Conversely, increasing the concentration of CHL leads to increased methanogenic activity.

Combining Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) Reactors and Submerged Aerated Biofilters for Secondary Domestic Wastewater Treatment

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Franci Gonçalves ◽  
Vera Lúcia de Araújo ◽  
Vancleide Soeiro Bof
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Hydraulic Load ◽  
Uasb Reactors ◽  
Sludge Production

This work evaluates the theoretical availability of energy and the sludge production in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) that associates UASB reactors and submerged aerated biofilters (BF). A comparison among the behaviour of a pilot plant operating under constant hydraulic load (trial 1) and under hourly variation of hydraulic load, with sludge recirculation from the BF to the UASB (trial 2), was carried out. The results show that it is possible to suppress complementary units of thickening and digestion, once the sludge in the bottom of the UASB reaches concentrations of 4,5% TS and 50 to 70% (VS/TS). A comparison of the biogas availability in a WWTP with primary settlers and anaerobic digesters is accomplished. The biogas production in a UASB + BF WWTP is larger than double that produced on the conventional WWTP. The UASB reactor acts on the total COD present in the wastewater (soluble COD + suspended COD), which does not happen in a conventional WWTP (only the suspended COD retained in the primary settler and in the biological sludge is converted to methane). The sludge production, the energy requirement for aeration and the necessary volume for the reactors of the two kinds of WWTP are appraised.

BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN THE CONCENTRATED DISTILLERY WASTEWATER TREATMENT

2018 ◽  
pp. 51-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Golub ◽  
M. Potapova ◽  
M. Shinkarchuk ◽  
O. Kozlovets
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Methane Formation ◽  
Maximum Output ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Spent Wash ◽  
Distillery Spent Wash

The paper deals with the waste disposal problem of the alcohol industry caused by the widespread use of alcohol as biofuels. In the technology for the production of alcohol from cereal crops, a distillery spent wash (DSW) is formed (per 1 dm3 of alcohol – 10–20 dm3 DSW), which refers to highly concentrated wastewater, the COD value reaches 40 g O2/dm3. Since the existing physical and chemical methods of its processing are not cost-effective, the researchers develop the processing technologies for its utilization, for example, an anaerobic digestion. Apart from the purification of highly concentrated wastewater, the advantage of this method is the production of biogas and highquality fertilizer. The problems of biotechnology for biogas production from the distillery spent wash are its high acidity–pH 3.7–5.0 (the optimum pH value for the methanogenesis process is 6.8–7.4) and low nitrogen content, the lack of which inhibits the development of the association of microorganisms. In order to solve these problems, additional raw materials of various origins (chemical compounds, spent anaerobic sludge, waste from livestock farms, etc.) are used. The purpose of this work is to determine the appropriate ratio of the fermentable mixture components: cosubstrate, distillery spent wash and wastewater of the plant for co-fermentation to produce an energy carrier (biogas) and effective wastewater treatment of the distillery. In order to ensure the optimal pH for methanogenesis, poultry manure has been used as a co-substrate. The co-fermentation process of DSW with manure has been carried out at dry matter ratios of 1:1, 1:3, 1:5, 1:7 respectively. It is found that when the concentration of manure in the mixture is insufficient (DSW/manure – 1:1, 1:3), the pH value decreases during fermentation which negatively affects methane formation; when the concentration of manure in the mixture is increased (DSW/manure – 1:5, 1:7), the process is characterized by a high yield of biogas and methane content. The maximum output of biogas with a methane concentration of 70 ± 2% is observed at the ratio of components on a dry matter “wastewater: DSW: manure” – 0,2:1:7 respectively. The COD reduction reaches a 70% when using co-fermentation with the combination of components “wastewater: DSW: manure” (0,3:1:5) respectively.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

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