Nitrogen removal in an upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactor combined by aerobic biofiltration systems

A new nitrogen removal process (up-flow sludge blanket and aerobic filter, USB-AF) was proposed and tested with real sewage. In the USB reactor, the larger part of influent organic and nitrogen matters were removed, and ammonia was effectively oxidized in the subsequent aerobic filter. The role of the aerobic filter was to convert ammonia into nitrate, an electron acceptor that could convert soluble organic matters into volatile suspended solid (VSS) in the USB. The accumulated as well as influent VSS in the USB was finally degraded to fermented products that were another good carbon source for denitrification. Total COD, settleable COD and soluble COD in the raw sewage were 325, 80 and 140mg/l, respectively. Most unsettleable COD as well as some SCOD in the influent was successfully removed in the USB. TCOD removal in the anoxic filter was by denitrification with the recycled nitrate. Low COD input to the aerobic filter could increase nitrification efficiency, reduce the start-up period and save the aeration energy in the USB-AF system. About 95% of ammonia was nitrified in the aerobic filter with no relation to the influent ammonia concentration. Denitrification efficiency of the recycled nitrate in the anoxic filter was about 85, 83, and 72% at recycle ratios of 100, 200, and 300%, respectively. T-N removal efficiency was 70% at recycle ratio of 300%.

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Experience from start-ups of the first ANITA Mox Plants

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.156 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (12) ◽

pp. 2677-2684 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

M. Christensson ◽

S. Ekström ◽

A. Andersson Chan ◽

E. Le Vaillant ◽

R. Lemaire

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Ammonia Removal ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Process Conditions ◽

N2o Emissions ◽

N Removal ◽

Start Up

ANITA™ Mox is a new one-stage deammonification Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) developed for partial nitrification to nitrite and autotrophic N-removal from N-rich effluents. This deammonification process offers many advantages such as dramatically reduced oxygen requirements, no chemical oxygen demand requirement, lower sludge production, no pre-treatment or requirement of chemicals and thereby being an energy and cost efficient nitrogen removal process. An innovative seeding strategy, the ‘BioFarm concept’, has been developed in order to decrease the start-up time of new ANITA Mox installations. New ANITA Mox installations are started with typically 3–15% of the added carriers being from the ‘BioFarm’, with already established anammox biofilm, the rest being new carriers. The first ANITA Mox plant, started up in 2010 at Sjölunda wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Malmö, Sweden, proved this seeding concept, reaching an ammonium removal rate of 1.2 kgN/m3 d and approximately 90% ammonia removal within 4 months from start-up. This first ANITA Mox plant is also the BioFarm used for forthcoming installations. Typical features of this first installation were low energy consumption, 1.5 kW/NH4-N-removed, low N2O emissions, <1% of the reduced nitrogen and a very stable and robust process towards variations in loads and process conditions. The second ANITA Mox plant, started up at Sundets WWTP in Växjö, Sweden, reached full capacity with more than 90% ammonia removal within 2 months from start-up. By applying a nitrogen loading strategy to the reactor that matches the capacity of the seeding carriers, more than 80% nitrogen removal could be obtained throughout the start-up period.

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Assessment of Inocula and N-Removal Performance of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) for the Treatment of Aged Landfill Leachates

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2391 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 2391-2398

Author(s):

Yan He ◽

Gong Ming Zhou ◽

Min Sheng Huang ◽

Min Tong

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Anaerobic Granular Sludge ◽

Landfill Leachates ◽

N Removal ◽

Start Up ◽

Anammox Process

Three kinds of seeding sludge, i.e. conventional activated sludge, anaerobic granular sludge and the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor treating aged leachates were evaluated in batch mode to screen the optimized inoculum for the rapid start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The feasibility of the ANAMMOX process for the treatment of aged leachates was also investigated in a modified upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB, 0.05m3). The batch experiments revealed that the nitrifying activated sludge from the nitritation reactor could respectively achieve the NRR (nitrogen removal rate) of 0.0365 kg N/(m3.d) and the ARR (ammonium removal rate) of 0.013 kg N/(m3.d) on day 12, which were greatly higher than those of the other two tested sludge samples. The mixture of the aforementioned nitrifying activated sludge and anaerobic granular sludge was established as an effective inoculum for the prompt start-up of ANAMMOX reactor. The maximum total nitrogen removal rate of 0.826 kg N/(m3.d) could be obtained for the treatment of “old” leachates under NLR (nitrogen loading rate) of 1.028 kg N/(m3.d). It is concluded that the N-removal performance of ANAMMOX process is still to be improved for actual engineering application to aged landfill leachates.

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Exploration of rapid start-up of the CANON process from activated sludge inoculum in a sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR)

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2015.518 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 535-542 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yangfan Deng ◽

Xiaoling Zhang ◽

Ying Miao ◽

Bo Hu

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Dna Analysis ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Nitrite Accumulation ◽

Start Up ◽

Fast Start ◽

Total Nitrogen Removal ◽

Canon Process

In this study, a laboratory-scale sequencing biofilm batch reactor (SBBR) was employed to explore a fast start-up of completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process. Partial nitrification was achieved by controlling free ammonia concentration and operating at above 30 °C; then the reactor was immediately operated with alternating periods of aerobiosis and anaerobiosis to start the anammox process. The CANON process was successfully achieved in less than 50 d, and the total-nitrogen removal efficiency and the nitrogen removal rate were 81% and 0.14 kg-N m−3 d−1 respectively. Afterwards, with the increasing of ammonium loading rate a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 0.39 kg-N m−3 d−1 was achieved on day 94. DNA analysis showed that ‘Candidatus Brocadia’ was the dominant anammox species and Nitrosomonas was the dominant aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria in the CANON reactor. This study revealed that due to shortening the persistent and stable nitrite accumulation period the long start-up time of the CANON process can be significantly reduced.

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Effects of influent COD/N ratio and internal recycle ratio on nitrogen removal efficiency in the KNR process

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.282 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (9) ◽

pp. 265-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C.W. Suh ◽

S.H. Lee ◽

H.S. Jeong ◽

J.C. Kwon ◽

H.S. Shin

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Denitrification Rate ◽

Optimal Operating ◽

Operating Condition ◽

Optimal Operating Condition ◽

External Carbon Source ◽

Recycle Ratio ◽

Removal Efficiencies

In this study, with the KNR® process that has many advantages, the nitrogen removal efficiency of KNR was experimentally investigated at various COD/N ratios of influent conditions. The optimal operating condition of internal recycle ratio was evaluated. The TN removal efficiencies were 59.1, 72.5 and 75.9% at the COD/N ratios of 3, 5 and 7, respectively. These high removal efficiencies resulted from high denitrification rate in UMBR with high microorganism concentration. Furthermore, specific endogenous denitrification at MLVSS of 10.3 g/L that is similar to MLVSS in UMBR was over two times higher than that at MLVSS of 2.06 g/L. This result suggests that endogenous denitrification rate in UMBR is so high that the requirement of an external carbon source can be saved. As the internal recycle ratio increased from 100 to 400%, the TN removal efficiency also improved from 69.5 to 82.9%, and the optimal internal recycle ratio was 300%.

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Studies on yeasts and yeast-like microorganisms in the denitrification unit biocenosis

Acta Mycologica ◽

10.5586/am.1988.012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 179-184

Author(s):

Elena Sláviková ◽

Anna Grabińska-Łoniewska

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Rhodotorula Rubra ◽

Removal Process ◽

Candida Famata

It was found that Candida famata, Hansenula californica</i> and <i>Rhodotorula rubra</i> occurred in reactor UASB-type biocenosis in the course of denitrification carried out in the presence of lactic acid as a carbon source. The role of those species in nitrogen removal process was discussed with respect to their physiology.

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Nitrogen removal from reject water with primary sludge as denitrification carbon source

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2010.259 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 2965-2972 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. Zhang ◽

S. J. Zhang ◽

J. Zhou ◽

S. Y. Wang ◽

Y. P. Gan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Removal Efficiency ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Suspended Solid ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Solid Retention Time ◽

Primary Sludge ◽

Reject Water ◽

Denitrification Reactor

A novel system was used for nitrogen removal from reject water. This system includes one anoxic/oxic reactor for nitrification and a special reactor for denitrification in which primary sludge was added intermittently as electron donor. In denitrification reactor, sludge fermentation and denitrification reaction took place simultaneously and promoted each other. It was found that effluent recycle could improve nitrogen removal efficiency due to reclaiming of alkalinity. Under steady state conditions, the average solid retention time (SRT) in denitrification reactor was 12–15 d, a total nitrogen loading rate was 0.2 kg N/(m3 day) and TN removal efficiency was more than 90% without extra carbon source addition. Primary sludge was degraded so that volatile suspended solid (VSS) decreased by 50%. Further investigation showed that ORP could be taken as a control parameter for sludge addition.

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Optimization and Modelling of Denitrification and Methanogenic Activity in Start up of Mixotrophic Anammox Reactor

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.127 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1073-1076 ◽

pp. 127-135

Author(s):

Dun Tao Shu ◽

Yan Ling He ◽

Qing Yi Wang ◽

Wang Li

Keyword(s):

Suspended Solid ◽

Optimal Combination ◽

Quadratic Model ◽

Volatile Suspended Solid ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Methanogenic Activity ◽

Surface Method ◽

Start Up ◽

Denitrification Activity ◽

Specific Methanogenic Activity

In the present study, the SDA (specific denitrification activity) and SMA (specific methanogenic activity) in Start up of mixotrophic anammox reactor was optimized by applying the response surface method (RSM). The purpose of this work was to find the optimal combination of C/N ratio, influent ammonium (NH4+-N) and volatile suspended solid (VSS) with respect to minmum the SDA and SMA. Based on the RSM results, the quadratic model developed for the responses indicated that optimal conditions were C/N ratio of 0.5, influent NH4+-N content of 200mg L-1, and VSS content of 59.31g L-1. Under this conditions, the SDA and SMA were minimize and found to be 0.05 mmol N2 (g VSS d)-1, 0.017 mmol N2 (g VSS d)-1, respectively

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Biochar enhanced the nitrogen removal performance of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification strain pseudomonas fluorescent sp. Z03 for insufficient carbon source wastewater under low temperature

10.21203/rs.3.rs-916848/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jie Jiang ◽

XiaoyanXu ◽

Zhina Guo ◽

Lianglun Sun ◽

Meizhen Tang

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Heterotrophic Nitrification ◽

Redox Activity ◽

Aerobic Denitrification ◽

Control Group ◽

N Removal

Abstract In this study, biochar BC400 and BC700 were prepared, characterized and coupled with heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification (HNAD) strain Z03 for nitrogen removal experiments. The characterization results showed that BC700 has a higher specific surface area and a more complex multilayered pore structure, with increased aromatic condensation and higher crystallinity. BC400 and BC700 both have good redox activity, while BC400 has stronger electron donor capacities and BC700 owns better electron transfer properties. In addition, both BC400 and BC700 contain relatively high levels of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), reaching at 62.95 and 51.617mg/g respectively. BC400/BC700 coupled with strain Z03 can significantly improve the NH4+-N removal performance of low-temperature and low C/N wastewater compared with the control group. At a dosage of 4.0 g/L, the removal rate of NH4+-N reached to 95.16% (BC400 + Z03) and 84.37% (BC700 + Z03) within 72h, respectively. Higher than the sum of adsorption by BC400/BC700 (16.19%/18.85%) and microbial degradation (41.03%). Besides, the BC400 + BC700 + Z03 NH4+-N removal systems provide higher nitrogen removal efficiencies than BC400/BC700 + Z03 nitrogen removal systems. When the dosage (BC400 + BC700, mass ratio 5:1) reaches 3.0g/L, it can achieve more than 90% NH4+-N removal rate within 48h. The reasons for the promotion of biochar on microbial denitrification were analyzed as follows: 1) DOC can provide an additional carbon source for microorganisms; 2) biochar, as a pH buffer, can neutralize the acidity due to nitrification; 3) BC400 and BC700, as materials with good redox activity, may play a role in promoting the activity of electron transfer system and enzyme activity.

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Study on nitrogen removal performance and microbial community structure succession under the condition of anaerobic sludge and low carbon source

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20185303049 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 03049

Author(s):

Jiabin Wang ◽

Tianhang Li ◽

Kang Xie ◽

Cong Yu ◽

Xiaoyu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Microbial Community ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Molecular Biology ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Good Effect ◽

Anaerobic Sludge ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Start Up ◽

Nitrogen Conversion

Under anaerobic low carbon source, the reactor was started-up by inoculating anaerobic sludge. The nitrogen removal efficiency and nitrogen conversion pathway during the start-up process were analyzed. At the same time, the structure succession of bacteria in the process of start-up was analyzed by PCR-DGGE technology from molecular biology level. The results showed that inoculated anaerobic sludge had a good effect on nitrogen removal under the condition of anaerobic low carbon source.

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Nitrogen Removal with Nitrification and Denitrification via Nitrite

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.908.175 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 908 ◽

pp. 175-178

Author(s):

Jing Xiao ◽

Jin Hua Tang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Ammonia Concentration ◽

Free Ammonia ◽

Partial Nitrification ◽

High Ammonia ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Do Concentration ◽

Nitrification And Denitrification ◽

Biological Nitrification

Biological nitrification and denitrification via nitrite pathway is technically feasible and economically favorable, especially when wastewater with high ammonium concentrations or low C/N ratios is treated. Therefore, it has attracted more and more attention. It is very important to maintain partial nitrification of ammonium to nitrite. In this paper, the factors that influence operation and efficiency of nitrification and denitrification via nitrite are discussed, including DO concentration, carbon source, aeration pattern, PH, temperature and high free ammonia. High ammonia concentration and temperature are prone to accomplish of short-cut nitrification and denitrification, but limit application in practice. Finally, the review discussed the future challenges for application of short-cut nitrification and denitrification.

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