Treatment of leachate from the anaerobic fermentation of solid wastes using two biofilm support media

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 287-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Comett ◽  
S. Gonzalez-Martinez ◽  
P. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Biofilm Support ◽  
Different Response

Biofilms growing on different carrier media have a different response to the nutrients contained in wastewater. Biofilms have proven to be an alternative to the treatment of wastewater containing higher concentrations of contaminants. The main objective of this research was to compare two biofilm support media for the treatment of leachate from the anaerobic fermentation of solid wastes. The removal of organic matter and ammonia was achieved in two fixed bed biofilm reactors containing Kaldnes® and Linpor® support materials with specific surface areas of 490 and 270 m2/m3, respectively, and operating under the sequencing batch procedure during 204 days. The Linpor reactor achieved higher total COD removal than the Kaldnes reactor (47% and 39%, respectively). Linpor was shown to be less sensitive to influent COD changes than Kaldnes. The effluent total COD values of Kaldnes were higher than Linpor. The dissolved COD removal was 21% for both reactors. The average ammonia removal for Linpor was 72% and 42% for Kaldnes. The matrix of Linpor allows higher concentrations of microorganisms (as dry mass) than Kaldnes. The dry mass concentration was related to the "active" exposed surface area of the biofilm. This is considered to be the cause for the better performance of Linpor when compared with Kaldnes.

scholarly journals Ammonia and COD Removal From Landfill Leachate Using MAP Precipitation Method

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Ammonium Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate

<p>Most of the major cities in our country are opposed to the problem of water pollution due to the uncontrolled leachate resulting from the decomposition of solid wastes in irregular landfills. The waste waters that have high nitrogen content such as leachate cause various problems like eutrophication. In this study; the preliminary treatment of leachate which formed on the landfill site storing solid wastes of Samsun Metropolitan Municipality by MAP (Magnesium ammonium phosphate) precipitation was examined. For this purpose, optimization of the parameters that affecting the MAP precipitation was performed and the conditions for optimum removal efficiency were investigated. As a result of MAP precipitation, various mole ratios were tested with the aim of providing the best ammonia removal efficiency. The maximum ammonia removal was found to be 90.63% at pH 9.5 and at Mg:NH4:PO4 ratio of 4: 1: 2.2. At this conditions the ammonia concentration was decreased from 1792 mg/L to 168 mg/L. Experimental data were also evaluated and the regression equations of ammonia and COD removal were obtained using Minitab 16 statistical software.</p>

Anaerobic Fermentation of Sulphite Pulp Mill Effluents

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Geller ◽  
L Göttsching
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Pulp Mills ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Spent Liquor ◽  
Better Than

Despite internal measures modern sulphite pulp mills are still releasing considerable amounts of effluents loaded with organic pollutants. The main sources are the spent liquor evaporator and the bleach plant. In the laboratory scale two anaerobic systems (stirred fermentation vessel and fixed bed reactor) were tested for the fermentation of effluents from a magnesium sulphite mill. The efficiency of the fixed bed reactor was substantially better than the efficiency of the fermentor. Upon treatment of evaporator condensates, COD removal exceeded 90 % with corresponding BOD removal of 99 % after a residence time of 36 hours, whereas the necessary residence time for the same results was about 16 days in the fermentor. The methane production increased with increasing loading, reaching a maximum at a COD loading rate of 7 kg.m−3 .d−1. BOD elimination from bleaching effluents was better than 95 % with fixed bed reactor, whilst COD removal remained below 50 %. All experiments were run over a period of more than two years, exhibiting stability of the fixed bed filter, low needs for maintenance and negligible biomass generation.

scholarly journals Acid red G dye removal from aqueous solutions by porous ceramsite produced from solid wastes: Batch and fixed-bed studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 770-782
Author(s):  
Tianpeng Li ◽  
Jing Fan ◽  
Tingting Sun
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Exothermic Reaction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Column Experiment ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Acid Red G

AbstractA novel porous ceramsite was made of municipal sludge, coal fly ash, and river sediment by sintering process, and the performance of batch and fixed-bed column systems containing this material in the removal of acid red G (ARG) dye from aqueous solutions was assessed in this study. The results of orthogonal test showed that sintering temperature was the most important determinant in the preparation of porous ceramsite, and it possesses developed pore structure and high specific surface area. Batch experiment results indicated that the adsorption process of ARG dye toward porous ceramsite was a spontaneous exothermic reaction, which could be better described with Freundlich–Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.992) and basically followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic equation (R2 > 0.993). Column experiment results showed that when the porous ceramsite was used as packing material, its adsorption capacity was roughly improved by 3.5 times compared with that in batch system, and the breakthrough behavior was simulated well with Yoon–Nelson model, with R2 > 0.954. This study suggested that the novelty man-made porous ceramsite obtained from solid wastes might be processed as a certain cost-effective treatment material fit for the dye removal in aqueous solutions.

Application of Biofilm Kinetics to Anaerobic Fixed Bed Reactors

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. E. Gönenç ◽  
D. Orhon ◽  
B. Beler Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors

Two basic phenomena, reactor hydraulics and mass transport through biofilm coupled with kinetic expressions for substrate transformations were accounted for in order to describe the soluble COD removal mechanism in anaerobic fixed bed reactors. To provide necessary verification, experimental results from the long term operation of the pilot scale anaerobic reactor treating molasses wastewater were used. Theoretical evaluations verified by these experimental studies showed that a bulk zero-order removal rate expression modified by diffusional resistance leading to bulk half-order and first-order rates together with the particular hydraulic conditions could adequately define the overall soluble COD removal mechanism in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor. The experimental results were also used to determine the kinetic constants for practical application. In view of the complexity of the phenomena involved it is found remarkable that a simple simulation model based on biofilm kinetics is a powerful tool for design and operation of anaerobic fixed bed reactors.

Combination of Biological Processes and Fuel Cells to Harvest Solar Energy

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter F. Ihrig ◽  
H. Michael Heise ◽  
Ulrich Brunert ◽  
Martin Poschmann ◽  
Ruediger Kuckuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Anaerobic Fermentation ◽  
Algal Cell ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Solar Energy Harvesting ◽  
First Results ◽  
Continuous Feeding

Biomass production by micro-algae is by a factor of 10 more efficient than by plants, by which an economic process of solar energy harvesting can be established. Owing to the very low dry mass content of algal suspensions, the most promising way of their conversion to a high exoergic and transportable form of energy is the anaerobic production of biogas. On account of this, we are developing such processes including a micro-algal reactor, methods for micro-algal cell separation and biomass treatment, and a subsequent two-stage anaerobic fermentation process. First results from parts of this development work are shown. The continuous feeding of the anaerobic process over several weeks using micro-algal biomass is discussed in more details. The biogas is composed of methane, higher hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide. Using steam reforming, it can be converted to a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. These gases can be separated using membrane technology. It is possible to form a closed carbon cycle by recycling the carbon dioxide to the micro-algal process. The transportable and storable hydrogen product is a valuable energy source and can be converted to electrical energy and heat using fuel cells. The simulation of such a process will be explicated.

scholarly journals Solid-State Fermentation of Banana Peels Potential Study for Feed Additive

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 01027
Author(s):  
Akbarningrum Fatmawati ◽  
Tuani Lidiawati ◽  
Stephen Hadinata ◽  
Mikhael Adiarto
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Rhizopus Oryzae ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Surface Aeration

Agricultural solid wastes present abundantly on earth as crops harvesting as well as processing are countinuesly run. Banana peels are one of agricultural solid wastes produced anywhere the banana processing presents. The peels present abundantly in tropical countries such as Indonesia. The carbohydrate content of banana peels make it useful for the production of many chemicals, including feed. Meanwhile the large need in feed in farming including fish farming could prevent farmer to obtain substantial profit. This research studied the possibility of banana peel as one of abundant Indonesian agricultural solid waste to be utilized as fish feed which is known requiring certain level of protein content. This was done by fermenting the peels in fixed bed reaction mode using surface aeration and non-aeration. The fermentation was conducted using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y1536 and Rhizopus Oryzae FNCC 6157. The reaction time was varied for 1, 3, and 5 days. The important parameters studied were protein contents, and amylase activity of the fermented banana peels. Despite aeration indicated more operational cost, it showed significant impact on the fermentation of banana peels. The best condition for fermentation using Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y1536 were 5 day fermentation with surface aeration which result in the increase of protein content up to 4.05%, the decrease of fiber content up to 1.08%, and amylase activity of 9.99 DP. Whilst the fermentation using Rhizopus Oryzae FNCC 6157 obtained its best result at 1 day fermentation with aeration, which are protein content increase up to 4.04% and fiber content decrease up to 0.69%. However, the fermentation using this mold showed its best amylase activity result of 12.75 DP at 5 day surface aerated fermentation.

Improvement of anaerobic treatment of tannery beamhouse wastewater by an integrated sulphide elimination process

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Schenk ◽  
M. Wiemann ◽  
W. Hegemann
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Methanogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactors ◽  
Sulphide Toxicity ◽  
High Concentrations

Sulphide, and especially the undissociated form, hydrogen sulphide, is inhibitory to anaerobic wastewater treatment processes. Tannery beamhouse wastewater contains high concentrations of organic material which make an anaerobic treatment favourable, but it also contains high concentrations of sulphide which cause difficulties for anaerobic treatment. The success of an anaerobic treatment will depend on reliable elimination of the sulphide. In batch tests stripping was the most effective process for sulphide removal compared to precipitation. The chemical-physical COD removal caused by the stripping was negligible, while precipitation caused a COD-removal of 26%. Also, anaerobic degradation velocity was higher if sulphide was removed by stripping. In fixed bed reactors operated continuously, stripping was shown to be a reliable method for eliminating hydrogen sulphide toxicity. Hydrogen sulphide caused an inhibition of 0.2% per mg 1−1 for methanogenic bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria were not inhibited by hydrogen sulphide. The gas-liquid equilibrium was shown to deviate from theoretical values taken from literature.

scholarly journals Recycling of Waste Materials for Stabilizing Ash from Co-Combustion of Municipal Solid Wastes with an Olive By-Product: Soil Leaching Experiments

Soil Systems ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Despina Vamvuka ◽  
Stelios Alexandrakis ◽  
George Alevizos ◽  
Antonios Stratakis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Solid Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Municipal Solid Wastes ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash

In the context of the current environmental policies of the European Union promoting the recycling and reuse of waste materials, this work aimed at investigating the environmental impact of ashes produced from the co-combustion of municipal solid wastes with olive kernel in a fixed bed unit. Lignite fly ash, silica fume, wheat straw ash, meat and bone meal biochar, and mixtures of them were used as stabilizing ash materials. All solids were characterized by physical, chemical and mineralogical analyses. Column leaching tests of unstabilized and stabilized ash through a quarzitic soil were conducted, simulating field conditions. pH, electrical conductivity, chloride, sulphate and phosphate ions, major and trace elements in the leachates were measured. The results showed that alkaline compounds were partially dissolved in water extracts, increasing their pH and thus decreasing the leachability of heavy metals from the ash. Cr leached from unstabilized ash reached a hazardous level. Upon the stabilization of ash, the concentrations of heavy metals in the extracts were reduced between 9% and 100%, and were below legislation limits for disposal, apart from Cr. The latter was achieved only when meat and bone meal biochar was used as stabilizer. Entrapment of ash elements was assigned to the amorphous silica and to the phosphates of the stabilizing materials, as well as complexed silicates formed during the process.

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