Monitoring and control of the biogas process based on propionate concentration using online VFA measurement

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 661-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanokwan Boe ◽  
Jean-Philippe Steyer ◽  
Irini Angelidaki
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Stable Process ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
Flow Limit ◽  
Simple Logic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Biogas Process

Simple logic control algorithms were tested for automatic control of a lab-scale CSTR manure digester. Using an online VFA monitoring system, propionate concentration in the reactor was used as parameter for control of the biogas process. The propionate concentration was kept below a threshold of 10 mM by manipulating the feed flow. Other online parameters such as pH, biogas production, total VFA, and other individual VFA were also measured to examine process performance. The experimental results showed that a simple logic control can successfully prevent the reactor from overload, but with fluctuations of the propionate level due to the nature of control approach. The fluctuation of propionate concentration could be reduced, by adding a lower feed flow limit into the control algorithm to prevent undershooting of propionate response. It was found that use of the biogas production as a main control parameter, rather than propionate can give a more stable process, since propionate was very persistent and only responded very slowly to the decrease of the feed flow which lead to high fluctuation of biogas production. Propionate, however, was still an excellent parameter to indicate process stress under gradual overload and thus recommended as an alarm in the control algorithm.

Pilot-scale application of an online VFA sensor for monitoring and control of a manure digester

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 2496-2503 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Boe ◽  
I. Angelidaki
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Organic Content ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Biogas Yield ◽  
Flow Manipulation ◽  
And Control

A volatile fatty acids (VFA) sensor based on headspace chromatography was tested for online monitoring and control of a pilot-scale manure digester. The sensor showed satisfying results in terms of sensitivity and reliability for monitoring of the digester. The online VFA and biogas production data were used for automatic control of the digester based on feed flow manipulation. The control approach was based on optimization of biogas production while using VFA concentration as the alarm threshold. A rule-based supervisory system with a cascade controller was used to optimize the biogas production from the digester. The alarm state was set at 40 mM total VFA and 10 mM propionate concentration. The control algorithms could successfully maximize the biogas production without overloading the process. However, as the algorithm was based on a fixed biogas yield parameter and only used the biogas parameter for optimization, it could not distinguish between the decreases of biogas production from inhibition and from lower organic content in the substrate, which resulted in undesired decreasing of the control gas setpoint when the substrate was diluted. It was necessary to adjust the yield parameter in order to get this control approach to function properly, which is not suitable for the full-scale biogas plant where the organic content of waste streams can vary. An alternative approach could be a modified rule-based algorithm that includes VFA parameters to help distinguish between different process scenarios.

When Internet of Things Meets e-Health: An Indoor Temperature Monitoring and Control Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Shengbo Chen ◽  
Jingtian Wang ◽  
Lanxue Zhang ◽  
Keping Yu ◽  
Ali Kashif Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
And Control

A Bio-Inspired Framework for a Self-Healing Assembly System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee J. Wells ◽  
Jaime A. Camelio ◽  
Giovannina Zapata
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Systems ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
System Level ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Statistical Process ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Process Monitoring And Control ◽  
Manufacturing Assembly ◽  
And Control

Statistical process monitoring and control has been popularized throughout the manufacturing industry as well as various other industries interested in improving product quality and reducing costs. Advances in this field have focused primarily on more efficient ways for diagnosing faults, reducing variation, developing robust design techniques, and increasing sensor capabilities. System level advances are largely dependent on the introduction of new techniques in the listed areas. A unique system level quality control approach is introduced in this paper as a means to integrate rapidly advancing computing technology and analysis methods in manufacturing systems. Inspired by biological systems, the developed framework utilizes immunological principles as a means of developing self-healing algorithms and techniques for manufacturing assembly systems. The principles and techniques attained through this bio-mimicking approach will be used for autonomous monitoring, detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and control of station and system level faults, contrary to traditional systems that largely rely on final product measurements and expert analysis to eliminate process faults.

scholarly journals Process Disturbances in Agricultural Biogas Production—Causes, Mechanisms and Effects on the Biogas Microbiome: A Review

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Theuerl ◽  
Johanna Klang ◽  
Annette Prochnow
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Process Monitoring And Control ◽  
Process Disturbances ◽  
And Control

Disturbances of the anaerobic digestion process reduce the economic and environmental performance of biogas systems. A better understanding of the highly complex process is of crucial importance in order to avoid disturbances. This review defines process disturbances as significant changes in the functionality within the microbial community leading to unacceptable and severe decreases in biogas production and requiring an active counteraction to be overcome. The main types of process disturbances in agricultural biogas production are classified as unfavorable process temperatures, fluctuations in the availability of macro- and micronutrients (feedstock variability), overload of the microbial degradation potential, process-related accumulation of inhibiting metabolites such as hydrogen (H2), ammonium/ammonia (NH4+/NH3) or hydrogen sulphide (H2S) and inhibition by other organic and inorganic toxicants. Causes, mechanisms and effects on the biogas microbiome are discussed. The need for a knowledge-based microbiome management to ensure a stable and efficient production of biogas with low susceptibility to disturbances is derived and an outlook on potential future process monitoring and control by means of microbial indicators is provided.

scholarly journals A fuzzy based parametric monitoring and control algorithm for distinctive loads to enhance the stability in rural islanded microgrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-241
Author(s):  
Fawad Azeem ◽  
Ghous Narejo
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Fuzzy Controller ◽  
Load Control ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Skilled Manpower ◽  
Parameter Variations ◽  
Load Monitoring ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Control

Effective monitoring and control of isolated rural microgrid in the developing world is challenging. The modern communication and monitoring is difficult to handle in such communities due to a complicated approach to the area, lack of modern facilities and unavailability of skilled manpower. Implementation of a microgrid in such areas using intermittent renewable sources and limited storage is challenging. Uncontrolled load consumption leads to the system-wide outages due to prolonged storage utilization in peak hours and is referred here as battery storage stress hours (BSSH). This research is focused to study and analyze the behavior of parametric load monitoring and control algorithm that could control the distinctive load of the microgrid during BSSH. In the proposed algorithm, the residential loads are distinctively controlled while utilizing the three locally available parameters that are the state of the charge of storage, solar irradiations and ambient temperature. In other words, the natural parameter variations have been uniquely utilized as a monitoring tool for load control. The fuzzy controller takes a decision for the activation or deactivation of any load based on the three parameters variation ranges. It is observed from the simulation and experimental results that while only utilizing locally available parameters the effective load control is possible.

scholarly journals Fault-Tolerant Temperature Control Algorithm for IoT Networks in Smart Buildings

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Casado-Vara ◽  
Zita Vale ◽  
Javier Prieto ◽  
Juan Corchado
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Network Nodes ◽  
Reliable Monitoring ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The monitoring of the Internet of things networks depends to a great extent on the availability and correct functioning of all the network nodes that collect data. This network nodes all of which must correctly satisfy their purpose to ensure the efficiency and high quality of monitoring and control of the internet of things networks. This paper focuses on the problem of fault-tolerant maintenance of a networked environment in the domain of the internet of things. Based on continuous-time Markov chains, together with a cooperative control algorithm, a novel feedback model-based predictive hybrid control algorithm is proposed to improve the maintenance and reliability of the internet of things network. Virtual sensors are substituted for the sensors that the algorithm predicts will not function properly in future time intervals; this allows for maintaining reliable monitoring and control of the internet of things network. In this way, the internet of things network improves its robustness since our fault tolerant control algorithm finds the malfunction nodes that are collecting incorrect data and self-correct this issue replacing malfunctioning sensors with new ones. In addition, the proposed model is capable of optimising sensor positioning. As a result, data collection from the environment can be kept stable. The developed continuous-time control model is applied to guarantee reliable monitoring and control of temperature in a smart supermarket. Finally, the efficiency of the presented approach is verified with the results obtained in the conducted case study.

Zone Based Control of Building Air Conditioning Systems Through Temperature Monitoring and Control

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh M. Patil ◽  
Anupama Keeli ◽  
Di Shi ◽  
Ratnesh Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Temperature Monitoring ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Energy Usage ◽  
Monitoring And Control System ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Control

In this paper, a zone based temperature monitoring and control system is presented to reduce Air Conditioning (A/C) usage in commercial buildings. Reducing Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) energy usage is a topic of immense interest as HVAC energy consumption represents up to 40% of energy usage in the US and worldwide. Our approach to reducing A/C usage is based on two unique features — extensive monitoring and zone based control. First, multiple temperature sensors are deployed in the building/room of interest to provide an improved temperature picture without the need for a system model. Second, a zone based control approach is developed which is based on flexible definition of zones and results in a generic scalable solution that can be applied to buildings of different sizes and configuration. Our control approach results in efficient A/C operation through extensive monitoring and localized control. In addition, the approach provides redundancy to isolate unforeseen issues such as communication issues to the particular zones. The proposed monitoring and control approach is deployed in telecom base stations and retail stores to highlight the generic nature and scalability of the approach. The energy saving potential and secondary benefits such as flexible localized operation of our unique zone-based control is highlighted in the results. Though the savings vary from 15% to 35% depending on the local conditions and the buildings under consideration our approach is shown to reduce A/C usage in all cases.

scholarly journals An internet of things for water utility monitoring and control

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Kranthi Madala ◽  
D Divya Bharathi ◽  
Sushma Chowdary Polavarapu
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
And Control

The aim of thepaper is to advise more efficient water monitoring and control approach to reduce the water loss. This may assist users, operatorsto improve water control systems, by using the emerging technology. Net of factors is one of the essential strategies for making consumption of water assets more efficient and for developing extra utilityproperstructures. Now–a–days the water monitoring and control is dealing with a few issues. As an example the manipulate structures usedby using waterdistributionutilities ought to function over a hugevicinity. Massive water utilities go through transit losses due to leaks and burstpipes. An IoT answer for water tracking and control ambitions at being capable of gather more than one device, analyzing these recordsand dispatching themand consequences from processing to diverse programs or to other devices.

scholarly journals Phase Separation in Anaerobic Digestion: A Potential for Easier Process Combination?

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eike Janesch ◽  
Joana Pereira ◽  
Peter Neubauer ◽  
Stefan Junne
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
System Integration ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
And Control

The flexibilization of bioenergy production has the potential to counteract partly other fluctuating renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar power). As a weather-independent energy source, anaerobic digestion (AD) can offer on-demand energy supply through biogas production. Separation of the stages in anaerobic digestion represents a promising strategy for the flexibilization of the fermentative part of biogas production. Segregation in two reactor systems facilitates monitoring and control of the provision of educts to the second methanogenic stage, thus controlling biogas production. Two-stage operation has proven to reach similar or even higher methane yields and biogas purities than single-stage operation in many different fields of application. It furthermore allows methanation of green hydrogen and an easier combination of material and energy use of many biogenic raw and residual biomass sources. A lot of research has been conducted in recent years regarding the process phase separation in multi-stage AD operation, which includes more than two stages. Reliable monitoring tools, coupled with effluent recirculation, bioaugmentation and simulation have the potential to overcome the current drawbacks of a sophisticated and unstable operation. This review aims to summarize recent developments, new perspectives for coupling processes for energy and material use and a system integration of AD for power-to-gas applications. Thereby, cell physiological and engineering aspects as well as the basic economic feasibility are discussed. As conclusion, monitoring and control concepts as well as suitable separation technologies and finally the data basis for techno-economic and ecologic assessments have to be improved.

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