Constructed wetlands for wastewater and activated sludge treatment in north Greece: a review

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2653-2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Tsihrintzis ◽  
G. D. Gikas
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Continuous Performance ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
The World

Constructed wetlands used for the treatment of urban, industrial and agricultural wastewater have become very popular treatment systems all over the world. In Greece, these systems are not very common, although the climate is favourable for their use. During recent years, there have been several attempts for the implementation of these systems in Greece, which include, among others, pilot-scale systems used for research, and full-scale systems designed and/or constructed to serve settlements or families. The purpose of this paper is the presentation of systems operating in Northern Greece, which have been studied by the Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology of Democritus University of Thrace and others. A comparison is made of different system types, and the effect of various design and operational parameters is presented. Current research shows the good and continuous performance of these systems.

scholarly journals Principles of constructed wetlands designing

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Kseniia Y. Rybka ◽  
Nataliia M. Shchegolkova
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Aquatic Plants ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Agricultural Wastewater ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Type

Constructed wetlands (CW) - shallow surfaces or subsurface water bodies, planted with higher aquatic plants and designed to treat wastewater - have been actively used in world practice for the last decades. There are no universal principles for designing such systems, so for each combination of landscape (in which a CW is located) and the quality of wastewater, an individual type of CW is selected. The article provides an overview of the principles adopted in the world for calculating the main technological parameters of CWs (choice of the type of CW, calculation of the area of CW, the residence time of the water in the system, the choice of filtering medium, etc.) developed on the basis of numerous functioning objects. The recommendations given in the article are applicable for small and mediumsized CWs intended for the treatment of domestic, storm and agricultural wastewater.

scholarly journals A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Constructed Wetland Technology for Polluted Surface Water Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Cong Manh ◽  
Phan Van Minh ◽  
Nguyen Tri Quang Hung ◽  
Phan Thai Son ◽  
Nguyen Minh Ky
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Phragmites Australis ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Environmental Science ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Surface Water Treatment

Abstract: The study aims to assess the applying effectiveness of constructed wetland technology for polluted surface water treatment. The experimental models were operated with 2 hydraulic loadings of 500mL/min/m2 (T1) and 1500mL/min/m2 (T2). The reed grass (Phragmites australis) was selected for the studying process. The surface water resource was removed from the pollutant components (TSS, BOD5, COD) and harmful microorganisms (fecal coliform) which aim to protect the water quality and aquatic ecosystems. The results showed the treatment effectiveness of loading of 500mL/min/m2 is higher than the loading of 1500mL/min/m2, especially in the reed planting trial. In particular, the treatment efficiency of pollutants such as TSS, BOD5, COD reached a high rate of 85%, 90%, and 87%, respectively. In addition, ANOVA statistical analysis showed the effectiveness of water quality parameters belong to two loadings were statistically significant (P<0.05). Thus, the surface water pollutant removal by subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland technology could be contributed to promoting the sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: Constructed wetland, removal, surface water, Phragmites australis, pollution. References: [1] Z. ElZein, A. Abdou, I.A. ElGawad, Constructed Wetlands as a Sustainable Wastewater Treatment Method in Communities, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 34 (2016) 605-617. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.proenv.2016.04.053. [2] R.H. Kadlec, S.D. Wallace, Treatment Wetlands, CRC Press/Lewis Pucblishers, Boca Raton, FL, 2009.[3] J. Vymazal, Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment, Water, 2(3) (2010) 530-549. https://doi. org/10.3390/w2030530. [4] L. Volker, E. Elke, L.W. Martina, L. Andreas, M.G. Richard, Nutrient Removal Efficiency and Resource Economics of Vertical Flow and Horizontal Flow Constructed Wetlands, Ecological Engineering, 18(2) (2001) 157-171. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00075-1. [5] M. Ilda, F. Daniel, P. Enrico, F. Laura, M. Erika, Z. Gabriele, A cost-effectiveness analysis of seminatural wetlands and activated sludge wastewater-treatment systems, Environmental Management, 41(1) (2007) 118-129. https://doi.org /10.1007/s00267-007-9001-6. [6] J. Vymazal, The use of constructed wetlands with horizontal sub-surface flow for various types of wastewater, Ecological Engineering, 35 (2009) 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2008.08.016. [7] S. Katarzyna, H.G. Magdalena, The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial wastewater, Journal of Water and Land Development, 34 (2017) 233–240. https://doi.org /10.1515/jwld-2017-0058. [8] S. Dallas, B. Scheffe, G. Ho, Reedbeds for greywater treatment-case study in Santa Elena-Monteverde, Costa Rica, Central America. Ecol. Eng. 23 (2004) 55-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ecoleng.2004.07.002. [9] Tổng cục Thống kê, Niên giám thống kê Việt Nam, NXB Thống kê, Hà Nội, 2018.[10] Bộ Tài nguyên và Môi trường, Báo cáo hiện trạng môi trường quốc gia – Môi trường nước mặt, Hà Nội, 2012.[11] UBND tỉnh Bình Dương, Quyết định số 3613/QĐ-UBND về việc Quy hoạch tài nguyên nước tỉnh Bình Dương giai đoạn 2016 - 2025, tầm nhìn đến năm 2035, Bình Dương, 2016.[12] M. Mirco, T. Attilio, Evapotranspiration from pilot-scale constructed wetlands planted with Phragmites australis in a Mediterranean environment, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, 48(5) (2013) 568-580. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/10934529.2013.730457. [13] K.J. Havens, H. Berquist, W.I. Priest, Common reed grass, Phragmites australis, expansion into constructed wetlands: Are we mortgaging our wetland future? Estuaries, 26 (2003) 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02823718. [14] S. Aboubacar, R. Mohamed, A. Jamal, A. Omar, E. Samira, Exploitation of Phragmites australis (Reeds) in Filter Basins for the Treatment of Wastewater, Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 11 (2018) 56-67. https://doi.org/10. 3923/jest.2018.56.67. [15] S.I. Abou-Elela, M.S. Hellal, Municipal wastewater treatment using vertical flow constructed wetlands planted with Canna, Phragmites and Cyprus, Ecol. Eng. 47 (2012) 209-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecoleng.2012.06.044.[16] H. Brix, A.C. Arias, The use of vertical flow constructed welands for on-site treatment of domestic wastewater: New Danish guidelines, Ecological Engineering, 25 (2005) 491-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2005.07.009. [17] J. Puigagut, J. Villasenor, J.J. Salas, E. Becares, J. Garcia, Subsurface-flow constructed wetlands in Spain for the sanitation of small communities: A comparison study, Ecological Engineering, 30 (2007) 312-319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng. 2007.04.005. [18] R. Kadlec, R. Knight, Treatment Wetlands, CRC Press, 1996.[19] L. Yang, H.T. Chang, M.N.L. Huang, Nutrient removal in gravel-and soil-based wetlands microcosms with and without vegetation, Ecological Engineering, 18 (2001) 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00068-4. [20] D. Steer, L. Fraser, J. Boddy, B. Seibert, Efficiency of small constructed wetlands for subsurface treatment of single-family domestic effluent, Ecological Engineering, 18 (2002) 429-440. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(01)00104-5. [21] J. Vymazal, The use of subsurface constructed wetlands for wastewater in Czech Republic: 10 years experience, Ecological Engineering, 18 (2002) 633-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-8574(02)00025-3. [22] C.S. Akratos, V.A. Tsihrintzis, Effect of temperature, HRT, vegetation and porous media on removal efficiency of pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering, 29 (2007) 173-191. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.06.013.

Assessment of clogging in constructed wetlands by saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Licciardello ◽  
R. Aiello ◽  
V. Alagna ◽  
M. Iovino ◽  
D. Ventura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Multiple Spatial Scales ◽  
Ks Values

Abstract This study aims at defining a methodology to evaluate Ks reductions of gravel material constituting constructed wetland (CW) bed matrices. Several schemes and equations for the Lefranc's test were compared by using different gravel sizes and at multiple spatial scales. The falling-head test method was implemented by using two steel permeameters: one impervious (IMP) and one pervious (P) on one side. At laboratory scale, mean K values for a small size gravel (8–15 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 19,466 m/d and 30,662 m/d, respectively. Mean Ks values for a big size gravel (10–25 × 10−2 m) measured by the IMP and the P permeameters were equal to 12,135 m/d and 20,866 m/d, respectively. Comparison of Ks values obtained by the two permeameters at laboratory scale as well as a sensitivity analysis and a calibration, lead to the modification of the standpipe equation, to evaluate also the temporal variation of the horizontal Ks. In particular, both permeameters allow the evaluation of the Ks decreasing after 4 years-operation and 1–1.5 years' operation of the plants at full scale (filled with the small size gravel) and at pilot scale (filled with the big size gravel), respectively.

STEM for All on the SS Freshspring: VR Tour

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hashim Yaqub ◽  
Martin Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Extensive Experience ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Virtual Tour ◽  
The Past ◽  
Engineering And Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Interactive 3D

Over the past year the world has changed dramatically. With greater restrictions on accessibility, the need to provide innovative and distributable remote experiences is now more prominent than ever. BMT has partnered with the SS Freshspring Trust to create multi-generational STEM experiences. “Preserving the past to inspire knowledge for the future”. The SS Freshspring Trust have a vision to become a STEM hub by utilising cutting-edge technology. BMT have extensive experience in developing VR applications in the Maritime Domain. With skills shortfalls in many engineering disciplines, there is a need to inspire future generations into careers in STEM. Equally, many adults have a passion for technology and have valuable skills to offer to STEM projects. This paper uses the historic vessel SS Freshspring, a 1940s RFA Fresh Water Carrier currently being restored in North Devon, as the basis for exploring a range of initiatives and activities aimed at making engineering and technology interesting and accessible to all. The specific focus is on the development of an interactive 3D virtual tour, aiming to provide access to a wide audience by targeting a range of modalities including smartphones, internet browsers, and most consumer VR headsets.

Effect of plants and filter materials on bacteria removal in pilot-scale constructed wetlands

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 1361-1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vacca ◽  
Helmut Wand ◽  
Marcell Nikolausz ◽  
Peter Kuschk ◽  
Matthias Kästner
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Filter Materials ◽  
Bacteria Removal

scholarly journals Consumer Attitude Towards Shellfish In The Greek Market: A Pilot Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH. BATZIOS ◽  
P. ANGELIDIS ◽  
D.K. MOUTOPOULOS ◽  
CH. ANASTASIADOU ◽  
V. CHRISOPOLITOU
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Consumer Attitude ◽  
Improve Product Quality ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The World ◽  
End Products ◽  
Purchasing Behaviour

During the last decade, the Greek shellfish industry has experienced significant changes affecting both the market demand and the availability of the end products. Although, shellfish and seafood in general have been promoted as healthy food by marketing boards and private seafood companies in many countries all over the world, no attention has been paid so far to analysing the Greek consumer’s purchasing behaviour and attitudes towards the shellfish market. This paper presents the results of the first survey in this field of research, which was carried out in northern Greece (area of Katerini and Greater Thessaloniki) from January to March 2002. A randomly selected sample of 400 consumers filled in a questionnaire, which covered basic marketing aspects of shellfish consumption such as choice, purchase, reasons for consuming shellfish, confidence in shellfish hygiene certification, media influence, etc. Data analysis includes descriptive statistics, as well as chi-square (― 2 ) tests (crosstabulation) to examine possible relations between consumers’ demographic and socio-economic characteristics and shellfish marketing aspects. Analyses of the results have shown that the majority of Greek consumers prefer the exploitable to cultured shellfish and in general do not eat shellfish often. They prefer the traditional fish shops for purchasing shellfish and consume them mainly in summer. The strongest reason to buy shellfish is their taste, while freshness is considered as the most important criterion when deciding to buy shellfish. Moreover, the vast majority of the consumers prefer a certification of quality, trust the confirmation provided by the veterinary authorities, but do not prefer ready-to-eat shellfish. Results revealed that consumers’ behaviour and attitudes vary considerably according to their demographic and socio-economic characteristics. The results of this study could prove to be helpful for decision makers towards a more rational planning of production and improvement of distributing roots, which in turn would improve product quality and promote shellfish consumption.

scholarly journals Re-emergence of animal rabies in northern Greece and subsequent human exposure, October 2012 – March 2013

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tsiodras ◽  
G Dougas ◽  
A Baka ◽  
C Billinis ◽  
S Doudounakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Rabies Case ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

Greece has been rabies-free since 1987 with no human cases since 1970. During 2012 to 2013, rabies has re-emerged in wild and domestic animals in northern Greece. By end March 2013, rabies was diagnosed in 17 animals including 14 red foxes, two shepherd dogs and one cat; 104 subsequent human exposures required post-exposure prophylaxis according to the World Health Organization criteria. Human exposures occurred within 50 km radius of a confirmed rabies case in a wild or domestic animal, and most frequently stray dogs were involved.

scholarly journals Simulations of Vertimill Pilot Scale tests for Itabirite

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Douglas Batista Mazzinghy ◽  
José Francisco Cabello Russo ◽  
Roberto Galéry ◽  
Claudio Luiz Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Ball Mills ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
The World ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Janeiro State ◽  
Pilot Tests

The Minas-Rio Project is the biggest project from Anglo American in the world and considers Vertimill in the regrinding circuit to adequate the particle size distribution to feed slurry pipeline that will pump the ore from Conceição do Mato Dentro in Minas Gerais State to Acu Port in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. A Vertimill pilot test campaign was carried out at Metso's pilot plant facility located in York city, Pennsylvania State, USA, to provided information to sizing the industrial grinding circuit. The main objective of this work is proposing a way to simulate the industrial Vertimill using the population balance model, normally used to simulate ball mills. The simulations were based on the selection and breakage functions determined from the laboratory tests using a batch ball mill. The simulations were performed using a Vertimill model implemented in the ModsimTM plant-wide simulator. The results of simulations shows that was possible to simulate the pilot tests, with good accuracy, considering simple laboratory tests with small quantities of samples.

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