scholarly journals Estimating the costs of collective treatment of wastewater: the case of Walloon Region (Belgium)

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Dogot ◽  
Yanni Xanthoulis ◽  
Nathalie Fonder ◽  
Dimitri Xanthoulis
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Strategic Choices ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Walloon Region

This paper contributes to a better understanding of costs for collective wastewater treatment in the Walloon Region (Belgium). Based on a large set of data, unit costs to population equivalents are modelled. Considering investment as well as exploitation costs, the model includes not only wastewater treatment plants but also collector and sewage networks in an integrated approach at the technical basin level. Beyond this modelling, each type of process is analyzed independently in order to explore the structure of investment costs and their variation factors. Then, the model was used to forecast the upcoming expenses for 36 areas which are not yet equipped with collective wastewater treatment facilities. In light of these results, strategic choices for decision makers are discussed.

A procedure for estimating the capital cost of Ontario wastewater treatment plant using CAPDET

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Wright ◽  
Gilles G. Patry ◽  
Charles E. Letman ◽  
Donald R. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities

CAPDET is a computer-assisted procedure for the design and evaluation of wastewater treatment facilities developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for applying CAPDET to the capital cost estimation of Canadian wastewater treatment plants without altering the source code. The proposed methodology is simple and efficient, requiring no additional data to that normally used in CAPDET.A total of 10 Canadian wastewater treatment plants were studied which included many of the treatment processes used in Canada. Six plants were used to develop the procedure while four plants were used to verify the procedure. The design flow for the selected plants ranged between 550 and 13 600 m3/d. Construction cost estimates generated using site-specific design information were compared with those obtained using the default database provided in CAPDET. The importance of the various unit costs on the total plant cost was also determined.Under the proposed methodology, unit costs are first adjusted to the date of construction using appropriate inflation indices. Wall concrete, slab concrete, and excavation costs are increased by an additional 15, 50, and 25%, respectively, to account for differences in construction practice. A final estimate reduction of 15% is performed to account for Canadian conditions.The procedure provides construction cost estimates that are within ± 20% of actual construction costs with a mean absolute error of 11% and an average error of 2.3%. Site-specific design data had little effect on the construction cost estimates with the exception of lagoon treatment facilities. Utilities and support facilities accounted for 20–30% of the cost estimates. The most significant cost parameters were the inflation index values and concrete and building unit costs. Key words: capital cost, construction cost estimation, wastewater treatment plant, mathematical modelling, calibration, verification.

Biological odour control by diffusion into activated sludge basins

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 127-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. Bowker
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Fine Bubble ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Odour Control ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Air Streams

Diffusion of odourous air into activated sludge basins is an effective and economical approach for odour control at wastewater treatment plants. Over 30 facilities in North America practice this technique. Most of these applications are for dilute or moderate strength air streams with relatively low hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels. Unfortunately, the lack of data documenting the effectiveness of the process and concerns for blower corrosion have limited its acceptance as a method for controlling odour emissions. This paper presents a compilation and review of wastewater treatment facilities that are currently using activated sludge diffusion. Performance data are tabulated, and information on operation and maintenance of the blower/diffuser systems are summarized. New data are presented that compare the effectiveness of coarse vs. fine bubble diffusers for treatment of a high strength, high-H2S air stream from sludge holding tanks at Concord, NH. Designand performance information is presented on a dedicated odour control system installed at Phoenixville, Pennsylvania in 1996 that collects high-H2S air streams from an influent chamber and primary clarifiers and diffuses it into a mechanically-aerated activated sludge basin. A cost-effectiveness analysis is presented for a blower/diffuser system installed exclusively for odour control. Methods used to overcome initial operational problems are discussed.

scholarly journals The biomass, survival, reproductive and biomarker responses of Helix pomatia to soil contaminated with treated and untreated wastewater.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semase Matseleng ◽  
Ozekeke Ogbeide ◽  
Patricks' Otomo Voua
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Wastewater treatment facilities in developing countries like South Africa are major sources of contaminants via effluent into the environment, which could portend high toxicity risks for non-target flora and fauna. To this end, a study was conducted to determine the ecotoxicological responses of selected organism to treated and untreated wastewater from the wastewater treatment plants in an industrial town. The snail Helix pomatia was exposed to OECD artificial soil spiked with untreated or treated wastewater at the following concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%. The ecotoxicological responses of Helix pomatia to wastewater were determined by assessing the biomass, survival, reproduction and biomarker responses (Catalase ‒ CAT and Acetylcholinesterase ‒ AChE activities). The overall results showed significant effects on the survival, reproduction and biomass of H. pomatia. Similar results were observed for juvenile emergence. An EC50 of 5.751% for egg production and an EC50 of 6.233% for juvenile emergence were determined in the untreated wastewater. Such indices could not be computed for the treated wastewater, indicating a decreased in toxicity between the untreated and the treated samples. For both the AChE and CAT activities, there was no statistical difference between treated and untreated wastewater treatments. The results from this study highlight the toxic effects of untreated wastewater and indicate that treated wastewater (effluent) released from the wastewater treatment plant in Phuthaditjhaba remains suitable for invertebrate fauna such as H. pomatia.

Automation of a Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant:A Case Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shantz ◽  
Virginia B. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Control System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Labor Requirements

Abstract Historically, automation was not considered for wastewater treatment plants because it did not significantly affect operating costs, and manual plant operation was considered acceptable. Despite past practices, the BP Oil Refinery at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania set a new standard when they began upgrading their wastewater facility in 1985. By automating the plant, they ensured safe, reliable operation with minimum labor requirements, process optimization, and long-term reductions in operating costs. Major design features included: a distributed computer control system with monitoring and supervisory capabilities; high-quality control system instruments; control system components; and redundancy and backup to support operation if a component or power failure occurs. In addition, design control philosophies remained consistent from predesign to startup. This advanced wastewater treatment plant can serve as a model for automation of future industrial treatment facilities.

scholarly journals Occurrence and reduction of F-specific RNA bacteriophage genotypes as indicators of human norovirus at a wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntae Lee ◽  
Mamoru Suwa ◽  
Hiroyuki Shigemura
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) have been suggested as good indicators of the presence of human enteric viruses in water treatment facilities. The occurrence and reduction of norovirus (NoV) and FRNAPH genotypes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been well studied; however, the relationship between these genotypes in WWTPs has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and reduction of FRNAPH genotypes in an attempt to identify NoV indicators in a WWTP via a 1-year survey. All FRNAPH and NoV genotypes were detected in WWTP influents at high rates (71–100%), including the infectious FRNAPH genotype IV (GIV), which has been rarely detected in previous studies. The reductions of FRNAPH GII and NoV GII during wastewater treatment indicated a relationship between the two (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), and the mean values were not significantly different. These results suggested that FRNAPH GII could be used as an appropriate indicator of NoV GII during wastewater treatment. FRNAPH GI was also found to be an appropriate indicator of viral reduction because of its high resistance to wastewater treatment compared with the other FRNAPH and NoV genotypes; therefore, it can be considered as a worst-case scenario organism.

Feasibility of contact aeration method for small-scale domestic wastewater treatment system in rural China

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kuyama ◽  
M. Mizuochi ◽  
H. Koyanagi ◽  
T. Wako
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Billing System ◽  
Domestic Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Treatment Facilities

This study examines the feasibility of the contact aeration method for utilisation in small-scale domestic wastewater treatment facilities in various rural areas of China, where the national government starts to address the water pollution issue. Three pilot facilities using the contact aeration method with different capacities were constructed, operated and monitored in Chongqing city and Jiangsu province. In order to evaluate the feasibility of the constructed facilities, the quality of treated wastewater and the operational cost were monitored. Results obtained from the monitoring showed that BOD and COD effluent concentrations achieved quality targets in all facilities. As for the other pollutants, quality targets were met for most of the period. Operational costs of facilities bettered those set for the facility in the town of Baiyang and new village of Zhaojia, but exceeded them for the facility in the village of Dongbei. The main reasons for the differences were the electricity billing system and operational system for each facility. In order to promote small-scale aeration-based domestic wastewater treatment plants in rural China in the future, the issue of what constitutes efficient facility maintenance first needs to be addressed.

scholarly journals The present situation and trends of wastewater treatment in small settlements and rural areas of Lithuania

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
Regimantas Dauknys
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Present Situation ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Biological Filters ◽  
Activated Sludge Systems

This article presents the wastewater treatment in small settlements and rural areas ofLithuania, including descriptions of capacity and loading of wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs), types of treatment facilities, and development trends of biological treatmentfacilities. In 2000 Lithuania had 597 WWTPs with capacity up to 1000 m3/d, 95% of them arethe biological treatment plants. Today the most of these WWTPs are unloaded due to thetendency to centralise wastewater treatment in rural areas of Lithuania that were in the eightand ninth decades.In small settlements and rural areas of Lithuania the aeration facilities are predominant. In theeight and ninth decades practically only the activated sludge systems were built. The situationbegan to change in the last decade of the last century: the biological filters and soil filtrationfacilities with discharge into surface waters were applied more frequently, so the building ofaeration facilities started to decrease.

scholarly journals Challenges and Resolutions for Sustainable Domestic Wastewater Management in Kabul City, Afghanistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1394-1401
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Management Framework ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Treatment Facilities

There is an extreme lack of statistics about Kabul city wastewater management. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate and address the current circumstances and key challenges of domestic wastewater management in residential areas. In addition, to recommend sustainable solutions. The methodology adopted includes the use of questionnaires, field observation and review relevant documents from related stakeholders. The result indicated that more than 50% of households do not have improved toilets. There are no proper wastewater treatment plants except Macroyans’ wastewater treatment facilities that are not worked properly. Furthermore, there is no proper drainage system. Approximately 100 % of domestic wastewater is discharged to the environment without appropriate treatment that creates severe health and environmental problems such as groundwater pollution, bad odors, and effects on biodiversity. The major diseases are diarrhea, malaria, cholera, and typhoid. The key challenges of domestic wastewater management include; absence of improved sanitation facilities, lack of proper wastewater treatment plants and drainages system, poor government responsibilities, deficiency of public participation and unsolid of sustainable wastewater management framework. According to the current circumstances and challenges of domestic wastewater management: decentralized wastewater treatment technologies, enforcement of legislation, decentralization of planning and budgeting to local institutions, involving public, planners and policy-makers at all level and forming of a sustainable wastewater management framework are the main elements which can contribute with wastewater management sustainability in Kabul city

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document