scholarly journals Occurrence and reduction of F-specific RNA bacteriophage genotypes as indicators of human norovirus at a wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntae Lee ◽  
Mamoru Suwa ◽  
Hiroyuki Shigemura
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Case Scenario ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Human Enteric Viruses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract F-specific RNA bacteriophages (FRNAPHs) have been suggested as good indicators of the presence of human enteric viruses in water treatment facilities. The occurrence and reduction of norovirus (NoV) and FRNAPH genotypes in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been well studied; however, the relationship between these genotypes in WWTPs has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we aimed to investigate the occurrence and reduction of FRNAPH genotypes in an attempt to identify NoV indicators in a WWTP via a 1-year survey. All FRNAPH and NoV genotypes were detected in WWTP influents at high rates (71–100%), including the infectious FRNAPH genotype IV (GIV), which has been rarely detected in previous studies. The reductions of FRNAPH GII and NoV GII during wastewater treatment indicated a relationship between the two (r = 0.69, P < 0.01), and the mean values were not significantly different. These results suggested that FRNAPH GII could be used as an appropriate indicator of NoV GII during wastewater treatment. FRNAPH GI was also found to be an appropriate indicator of viral reduction because of its high resistance to wastewater treatment compared with the other FRNAPH and NoV genotypes; therefore, it can be considered as a worst-case scenario organism.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

Principles of Operation and Experimental Results for a Small Wastewater Treatment Plant of 300 Population Equivalents

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 387-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bongards ◽  
T. Hengstermann ◽  
M. Köhne
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Experimental Plant ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Theoretical Simulation ◽  
Sludge Stabilization ◽  
System Equations ◽  
A Charge

Small wastewater treatment plants play a very important role in German environmental politics. Presented here is a new system for biological wastewater treatment with simultaneous aerobic sludge stabilization. This system operates as a charge process and can be used in the range of 300 to 2000 population equivalents. Different modes of operation were tested in an experimental plant. The system is applicable for both separate sewerage systems and combined systems with large amounts of storm water. The quality of the purified water was good and even under the worst case conditions it met the demands of standard discharge consent conditions. A theoretical simulation of the operation has not yet been started, because the system equations are very complex, due to the variable water volume.

scholarly journals The biomass, survival, reproductive and biomarker responses of Helix pomatia to soil contaminated with treated and untreated wastewater.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Semase Matseleng ◽  
Ozekeke Ogbeide ◽  
Patricks' Otomo Voua
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Invertebrate Fauna ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Industrial Town ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Abstract Wastewater treatment facilities in developing countries like South Africa are major sources of contaminants via effluent into the environment, which could portend high toxicity risks for non-target flora and fauna. To this end, a study was conducted to determine the ecotoxicological responses of selected organism to treated and untreated wastewater from the wastewater treatment plants in an industrial town. The snail Helix pomatia was exposed to OECD artificial soil spiked with untreated or treated wastewater at the following concentrations: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100%. The ecotoxicological responses of Helix pomatia to wastewater were determined by assessing the biomass, survival, reproduction and biomarker responses (Catalase ‒ CAT and Acetylcholinesterase ‒ AChE activities). The overall results showed significant effects on the survival, reproduction and biomass of H. pomatia. Similar results were observed for juvenile emergence. An EC50 of 5.751% for egg production and an EC50 of 6.233% for juvenile emergence were determined in the untreated wastewater. Such indices could not be computed for the treated wastewater, indicating a decreased in toxicity between the untreated and the treated samples. For both the AChE and CAT activities, there was no statistical difference between treated and untreated wastewater treatments. The results from this study highlight the toxic effects of untreated wastewater and indicate that treated wastewater (effluent) released from the wastewater treatment plant in Phuthaditjhaba remains suitable for invertebrate fauna such as H. pomatia.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Eco-Efficiency of Wastewater Treatment Plants: Comparison of Optimistic and Pessimistic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10580
Author(s):  
Manuel Mocholi-Arce ◽  
Trinidad Gómez ◽  
Maria Molinos-Senante ◽  
Ramon Sala-Garrido ◽  
Rafael Caballero
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Water Utilities ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Common Set Of Weights ◽  
Weight Allocation ◽  
Selection Of

The assessment of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) performance has gained the interest of water utilities and water regulators. Eco-efficiency has been identified as a powerful indicator, as it integrates economic and environmental variables into a single index. Most previous studies have employed traditional data envelopment analysis (DEA) for the evaluation of WWTP eco-efficiency. However, DEA allows the selection of input and output weights for individual WWTPs for the calculation of eco-efficiency scores. To overcome this limitation, we employed the double-frontier and common set of weights methods to evaluate the eco-efficiency of a sample of 30 WWTPs in Spain. The WWTPs were ranked based on eco-efficiency scores derived under several scenarios including best- and worst-case scenarios; this approach to performance assessment is reliable and robust. Twenty-six of the 30 WWTPs were not classified as eco-efficient, even under the most favorable scenario, indicating that these facilities have substantial room for the reduction of costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The ranking of WWTPs varied according to the scenario used for evaluation, which has notable consequences when eco-efficiency scores are used for regulatory purposes. The findings of this study are relevant for water regulators and water utilities, as they demonstrate the importance of weight allocation for eco-efficiency score estimation.

Automation of a Petroleum Refinery Wastewater Treatment Plant:A Case Study

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-462
Author(s):  
Robert J. Shantz ◽  
Virginia B. Erickson
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Control System ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Labor Requirements

Abstract Historically, automation was not considered for wastewater treatment plants because it did not significantly affect operating costs, and manual plant operation was considered acceptable. Despite past practices, the BP Oil Refinery at Marcus Hook, Pennsylvania set a new standard when they began upgrading their wastewater facility in 1985. By automating the plant, they ensured safe, reliable operation with minimum labor requirements, process optimization, and long-term reductions in operating costs. Major design features included: a distributed computer control system with monitoring and supervisory capabilities; high-quality control system instruments; control system components; and redundancy and backup to support operation if a component or power failure occurs. In addition, design control philosophies remained consistent from predesign to startup. This advanced wastewater treatment plant can serve as a model for automation of future industrial treatment facilities.

A procedure for estimating the capital cost of Ontario wastewater treatment plant using CAPDET

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 799-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
David G. Wright ◽  
Gilles G. Patry ◽  
Charles E. Letman ◽  
Donald R. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Capital Cost ◽  
Specific Design ◽  
Cost Estimates ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Treatment Facilities

CAPDET is a computer-assisted procedure for the design and evaluation of wastewater treatment facilities developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The purpose of this study was to develop a procedure for applying CAPDET to the capital cost estimation of Canadian wastewater treatment plants without altering the source code. The proposed methodology is simple and efficient, requiring no additional data to that normally used in CAPDET.A total of 10 Canadian wastewater treatment plants were studied which included many of the treatment processes used in Canada. Six plants were used to develop the procedure while four plants were used to verify the procedure. The design flow for the selected plants ranged between 550 and 13 600 m3/d. Construction cost estimates generated using site-specific design information were compared with those obtained using the default database provided in CAPDET. The importance of the various unit costs on the total plant cost was also determined.Under the proposed methodology, unit costs are first adjusted to the date of construction using appropriate inflation indices. Wall concrete, slab concrete, and excavation costs are increased by an additional 15, 50, and 25%, respectively, to account for differences in construction practice. A final estimate reduction of 15% is performed to account for Canadian conditions.The procedure provides construction cost estimates that are within ± 20% of actual construction costs with a mean absolute error of 11% and an average error of 2.3%. Site-specific design data had little effect on the construction cost estimates with the exception of lagoon treatment facilities. Utilities and support facilities accounted for 20–30% of the cost estimates. The most significant cost parameters were the inflation index values and concrete and building unit costs. Key words: capital cost, construction cost estimation, wastewater treatment plant, mathematical modelling, calibration, verification.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE METHOD OF NITRIFICATION AND DENITRIFICATION ON THE EXAMPLE OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF KOLOMYIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Ihor Popadiuk ◽  
◽  
Ivan Matlai ◽  
Bohdan Pitsyshyn ◽  
Taras Sydor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Biological Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Oxygen Conditions ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Degree Of Purification

The article is devoted to the unsatisfactory operation of biological wastewater treatment plants. At present in Ukraine there are no developments of equipment and devices to ensure the operation of treatment facilities using the technology of nitridenitrification of deep wastewater treatment from nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. The analysis of the equipment of biological treatment systems - nitri treatment plant - denitrifier, clarifier tanks is carried out. At the same time, the standards of the degree of purification of both Ukraine and the European Union were taken into account. On the example of treatment facilities in Kolomyia, Ivano-Frankovsk region, modern schemes of biological wastewater treatment for the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus have been proposed, namely, the re-equipment of single-corridor aerotanks into bioreactors of nitridenitrifiers by creating zones with different oxygen conditions in their volume.

scholarly journals Tardigrades as potential bioindicators in biological wastewater treatment plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-130
Author(s):  
Natalia Jakubowska-Krepska ◽  
Bartłomiej Gołdyn ◽  
Paulina Krzemińska-Wowk ◽  
Łukasz Kaczmarek
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nutrient Load ◽  
Sewage Pollution ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
Secondary Clarifier ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of this study was the evaluation of the relationship between the presence of tardigrades and various levels of sewage pollution in different tanks of a wastewater treatment plant. The study was carried out in the wastewater treatment plant located near Poznań (Poland) during one research season. The study was conducted in a system consisting of three bioreactor tanks and a secondary clarifier tank, sampled at regular time periods. The presence of one tardigrade species, Thulinius ruffoi, was recorded in the samples. The tardigrades occurred in highest abundance in the tanks containing wastewater with a higher nutrient load. Thulinius ruffoi was mainly present in well-oxygenated activated sludge and its abundance was subject to seasonal fluctuations; however, its preference for more polluted tanks seems to be consistent across the year. Although more detailed experimental study is needed to support the observations, our data indicate that T. ruffoi has a high potential to be used as a bioindicator of nutrient load changes.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Selected Stages of Wastewater Treatment in Elimination of Eggs of Intestinal Parasites

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta Zdybel ◽  
Tomasz Cencek ◽  
Jacek Karamon ◽  
Teresa Kłapeć
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Settling Tank ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The objective of the study was to determine the degree of municipal wastewater contamination with intestinal parasite eggs of the genera Ascaris, Toxocara, and Trichuris at individual stages of treatment, and indication of potentially weak points in the hygienisation of sewage sludge. The study was conducted in 17 municipal mechanical-biological wastewater treatment plants which, to a slight degree, differed in the technological process of wastewater treatment and the method of hygienisation of sewage sludge. The selected treatment plants, located in seven regions, included five classified as large agglomerations (population equivalent - PE >100 000), ten as medium-size (PE 15 000-100 000), and two as smaller size with PE 10 000 - 5000. The largest number of viable eggs of Ascaris spp., Toxocara spp., and Trichuris spp. was found in the sewage sludge collected from the primary settling tank. A slightly lower number of the eggs were found in the samples of excess sludge, which indicates that the sedimentation process in the primary settling tank is not sufficiently long to effectively separate parasites’ eggs from the sewage treated. The number of eggs of Ascaris spp. and Toxocara spp. in the fermented sludge was nearly 3 times lower than that in the raw sludge. The effectiveness of hygienisation of dehydrated sewage sludge by means of quicklime was confirmed in two wastewater treatment plants, with respect to Ascaris spp. eggs, in three plants with respect to Toxocara spp. eggs, and in one plant with respect to Trichuris spp. eggs. The mean reduction of the number of eggs was 65%, 61%, and 100%, respectively. In one wastewater treatment plant, a reduction in the number of viable eggs of Ascaris and Trichuris species was also noted as a result of composting sludge by 85% and 75%, respectively. In the remaining treatment plants, no effect of hygienisation of sewage sludge was observed on the contents of viable eggs of these nematodes.

Odour monitoring of small wastewater treatment plant located in sensitive environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zarra ◽  
V. Naddeo ◽  
V. Belgiorno ◽  
M. Reiser ◽  
M. Kranert
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Sensorial Analysis ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty ◽  
Dimethyl Disulphide ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Innovative Tool ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
The Relationship

Small wastewater treatment plants are often localized nearby tourist areas. Odour emissions are a major environmental issue in these plants and are considered to be the main cause of disturbance noticed by the exposed population. Odour measurement is carried out using analytical or sensorial methods. Sensorial analysis, being assigned to the “human sensor”, is the cause of a considerable uncertainty. In this study, a novel procedure based on highly innovative analytical tool was used to identify and characterise the odour sources and the volatile substances that cause annoyance in a SWWTP located in a sensitive area, with the aim to remove the subjective component in the measure of the odours and define the induced impact. At the same time key odour compounds are detected, and the relationship between their concentration and the performances of the plant are investigated. The sources and the main chemical substances responsible for the olfactory annoyances were identified. Results highlight the applicability of the highly innovative tool in odour emission monitoring. Around 39 different substances were detected, with almost half being smell relevant components as well as responsible. Dimethyl disulphide was identified as key compound connected to the efficiency of the process.

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