scholarly journals Water balance modelling of alternate water sources at the household scale

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1873-1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Hunt ◽  
Martin Anda ◽  
Goen Ho
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
Water Utility ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Small House

Alternate water sources are being implemented in urban areas to augment scheme water supplied by a water utility to homes. These sources include residential wells, rainwater tanks and greywater systems. Greater water efficiency can be achieved when these systems are designed to match a water source to a given demand based on both water quantity and quality parameters. In this way the use of an alternate water source can be maximised and the use of the high quality scheme water minimised. This paper examines the use of multiple alternate water sources sequentially to supply the same demand point potentially optimising the use of all available water sources. It also allows correct sizing of such water systems and their components to reduce scheme water demand. A decision support tool based on water balance modelling was developed that considers such water options at the household scale. Application of this tool to eight scenarios for both large and small house lots shows that using alternate water sources individually can result in significant scheme water savings. However by integrating these sources additional scheme water saving can be made.

A decision support tool for the assessment of air quality in urban areas: An application for Athens, Greece

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
D. Deligiorgi ◽  
C. Cartalis ◽  
G. Kouroupetroglou ◽  
C. Moutselos ◽  
E. Kambitsi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Support Tool

scholarly journals Urban rent control: a decision support tool for the optimal resources allocation between urban forest projects

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 77-90
Author(s):  
Maria Rosaria Guarini ◽  
Antonio Nesticò ◽  
Pierluigi Morano ◽  
Francesco Sica
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Quality Level ◽  
Rent Control ◽  
City Development ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The One

Green areas in urban agglomerations are strategic resource for the sustainable city development. The implementation of Urban Forestry Projects (UFP) allows on the one hand to raise the environmental quality level, improving the microclimate and preserving biodiversity, on the other hand to promote urban regeneration and promote socio-economic development by creating eco-systemic s er vices for the population. The result is a more rational land use and an increase in real estate values. Although the EU Directives show the need to promote the sustainable territory growth through the recover y and redevelopment of the built environment, the implementation of investments based on eco-system logic is rarely counted as a priority action for the city, often preferring a different allocation of available resources. The present work aims first to define an indicators set useful to express the value components – financial, social, cultural and ecological- environmental – for the UFP. These indicator s are the reference terms for the characterization of an innovative protocol of multicriteria analysis for the public operator who wants to establish the optimal distribution of funds between UFP units in limited areas of the urban fabric. The protocol uses the algorithms of mathematical programming and is tested on a case study about urban areas to be redeveloped.

SFD Promotion Initiative: Cap-Haïtien, Haiti

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Biscan ◽  
Sergio Pérez Monforte ◽  
Lars Schöbitz ◽  
Anthony Kilbride
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Flow Diagram ◽  
Context Analysis ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Urban Sanitation ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Involved Field ◽  
The City

The Shit Flow Diagram (SFD) graphic is an advocacy tool that aims to assist technical and non-technical stakeholders to implement plans and programs related to urban sanitation. The SFD methodology is increasingly being used to analyze the extent of safely managed sanitation in urban areas, providing a valuable picture of the prevailing sanitation conditions, from containment to disposal. As such, it is a widely recognized advocacy and decision support tool that aims to understand, communicate, and visualize how wastewater and fecal sludge move within a city or town. As stated on the SuSanA website, the SFD methodology offers “a new and innovative way to engage sanitation experts, political leaders, and civil society in coordinated discussions about excreta management in their city”. The production and publication of an SFD report for Cap-Haitien (Haiti) would help to visualize the current sanitation situation in the city, resulting in a potential to shift current activities and efforts towards more efficient investments in the places along the sanitation chain that need more attention, improving the urban sanitation situation and the surrounding environment of the city. The structure of this SFD report consists of an executive summary and the SFD report. The latter includes: i) general city information describing its main characteristics; ii) sanitation service outcomes, with a thorough explanation of the SFD graphic outcome and the assumptions made; iii) the service delivery context analysis, which contains information on the regulatory framework of water and sanitation at country and city levels, and describes the city plans, budget and future projects to improve the sanitation situation and; iv) a detailed description of the surveys, Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) conducted, as well as the key stakeholders involved, field visits carried out and references used to develop this SFD report.

scholarly journals A spatial decision support system for enhancing resilience to floods. Bridging resilience modeling and geovisualization techniques

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Heinzlef ◽  
Vincent Becue ◽  
Damien Serre
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Spatial Decision Support System ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Spatial Decision Support ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Resilience Indicators

Abstract. In the context of climate change and increasing urbanization, floods are considerably affecting urban areas. The concept of urban resilience may be an interesting means of responding to urban flood issues. The objective of this research is to propose a spatial decision support tool based on geovisualization techniques and a resilience assessment method. The goal is to localize the level of resilience modeled in different territories. The methodology proposed consists in integrating three resilience indicators applied to a case study in Avignon (Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur Region, France) and the use of geovisualization techniques: using GIS for data processing and analysis, visualization, mapping and model processing. The methodology integrates decision-making by identifying characteristics capable of improving urban resilience and facilitating its understanding using a visual tool. The results demonstrate the usefulness of modeling resilience using geovisualization techniques to identify the potential for local resilience, integrate local stakeholders into a process of clarifying the concept through the contribution of visualization, and consider easier access to this concept based on data analysis, processing and visualization through the design of maps.

scholarly journals ANN-BASED DECISION MODEL FOR THE REUSE OF VACANT BUILDINGS IN URBAN AREAS

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin-Hao HSU ◽  
Yi-Kai JUAN
Keyword(s):  
Business Strategy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Decision Model ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Effective Decision Support ◽  
Operational Plan

Because of global urbanization and sustainable development trends, reusing vacant buildings is a crucial strategy employed in urban development and management. Reusing and adjusting the future service values of unused buildings to extend building life cycles is a sustainable approach that benefits society, the economy, and the environment. However, repurposed spaces are easily re-discarded because a comprehensive system and operational plan for assessing the effects of building reuse remains unestablished. The research framework adopted in this study was based on the seven factors of the AdaptSTAR model; assessment criteria for building reuse were then created. In addition, 62 types of reused building cases in Taiwan were investigated and a decision model for reuse type prediction and business strategy was constructed on the basis of artificial neural networks. The results indicated that the proposed decision model yielded a reuse type accuracy of 89% and a business strategy accuracy of 78%. This systematic approach can be adjusted according to local conditions and applied as an effective decision support tool.

scholarly journals Urban household water resilience and source selection in Nepal pre- and post-disaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadhana Shrestha ◽  
Yoko Aihara ◽  
Arun P. Bhattarai ◽  
Niranjan Bista ◽  
Naoki Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Water System ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
2015 Gorkha Earthquake ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Urban areas in low- and middle-income countries are under chronic water stress, and multiple water source use (MWSU) is common. A detailed study on MWSU is necessary for strengthening water security and enhancing household water resilience to natural disasters which is defined as the ability of a household water system that is exposed to a disaster to resist, accommodate, and recover efficiently in a short time. Surveys were conducted in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, before and after the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. A classification of resilient and non-resilient households was based on respondents' perception scores of their water systems before the earthquake and one month after. Around 80% of households used two to three water sources, and 70% of households were classified as water resilient. Three characteristics of a water resilient household were: (i) use of greater number of water sources, (ii) use of multiple reliable water sources such as piped water, groundwater, and (iii) use of effective adaptive strategies such as water storage in a bigger container. Since the study showed the practice of MWSU enhanced the resilience, protection and management of local water sources (well, spring, stone spouts) by initiatives of local government or communities or both is recommended.

scholarly journals Water sanitation, hygiene and the prevalence of diarrhea in the rural areas of the delta region of Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane Htet Ko ◽  
Hiroshi Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Water Safety ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Drinking Water Sources

Abstract Myanmar is an agriculture-based country with 70% of the total population residing in rural areas. Around half of the total population in Myanmar has to consume water from unimproved sources. The prevalence of diarrhea due to contaminated drinking water is high even in urban areas. The urban community may expect the provision of municipal water supply in the near future if the current revolution in the country succeeds. However, the rural areas have lesser or no chance to get quality water because of a lot of other prioritized tasks. Household water treatment is encouraged to be implemented as one of the national water safety plans for rural water supply in Myanmar. This study explored the diarrhea prevention awareness of the rural community using a questionnaire survey. The microbial quality parameters of drinking water sources were also examined. Fecal coliform contamination was detected in all examined drinking water sources. A significant association was found between drinking untreated water and the occurrence of diarrhea. The percentage of people who applied the diarrhea preventive measures was low. Even if they knew how to prevent the disease, very few people applied the measures in reality. Therefore, measures to cause behavioral change should be initiated, together with awareness raising, to promote diarrhea prevention in the community.

scholarly journals Economic Returns from Cereal and Cereal/Vetch Forage Crops Grown as Fodder Conservation Options for Beef and Sheepmeat Production

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 664
Author(s):  
John W. Piltz ◽  
Craig A. Rodham ◽  
John F. Wilkins ◽  
Belinda F. Hackney ◽  
Colin G. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Reducing Costs

The economic return from cereal or cereal/vetch crops was determined using previously published and new agronomic and herbage quality data from experiments conducted at four sites across southern New South Wales, Australia, over four years (2008 to 2011), to evaluate the agronomic and quality parameters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), two barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), two oat (Avena sativa L.), and one triticale (x Triticosecale) variety, grown as monocultures or in combination with purple vetch (Vicia benghalensis L.). The crops (n = 193) were harvested at different stages of cereal maturity and ranged in metabolisable energy (ME) from 6.9 to 13.1 MJ/kg DM and crude protein (CP) content from 49.8 to 215.4 g/kg DM. Individual crop ME and CP content was used to predict dry matter intake and liveweight gain using Grazfeed decision support tool, assuming the forages were fed as the sole diet to either crossbred lambs or British breed steers, with initial liveweights of 30 or 300 kg respectively. Animal parameters and yield were used to estimate gross margins (GM) for each crop based on estimated fixed and variable costs, including sowing and fertiliser costs, and harvesting and feedout costs. Feed quality determined animal production and potential income per animal, while yield determined potential income per hectare for any given level of animal production. Across the three years GM ranged from −$1489 to $5788 in sheep and from −$1764 to $647 in cattle. Reducing costs or increasing livestock value improved the GM. The highest GM were for lambs fed crops with high ME, adequate CP, and good yields. Increasing yield reduced the GM when growth rates were low, and costs exceeded the value of liveweight gain.

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