Seasonal nutrient uptake of plant biomass in a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1317-1323 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Lee ◽  
M. C. Maniquiz ◽  
J. Y. Choi ◽  
S. M. Jeong ◽  
L. H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Concentration Changes

The surface-flow constructed wetland (CW) located in Nonsan City, South Korea, and constructed as the final stage of a piggery wastewater treatment plant that aims to treat high nutrient content effluent during dry days and stormwater runoff during wet days was monitored from October 2008 to November 2011. This research investigated the seasonal nutrient uptake of plant biomass in the CW and nutrient concentration changes in each treatment region under monsoon and temperate climate conditions. Results showed that the mean total nitrogen removal during summer (June to August) was higher by 13% than in spring (March to May), while total phosphorus removal was higher by 22% in fall (September to November) than in winter (December to February). All plants in the CW reached their maximum biomass coverage and weight in summer and minimum growth in winter. The highest N and P content in plants occurred in September with 583.2 g/m2 and August with 62.0 g/m2, respectively. Based on the results, it is recommended that the harvesting of plants should be conducted during the time of the peak nutrient uptake and before the plants release the nutrient content back to the CW. The dependence of nutrient removal efficiency on plants is not so significant. In order to increase the nutrient removal rate by plant uptake, it is suggested that the treatment regions in the CW be covered by plants.

Suitability of macrophytes for nutrient removal from surface flow constructed wetlands receiving secondary treated sewage effluent in Queensland, Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Emergent Species

From a botanical perspective the major difference between waste stabilisation ponds and wetlands is the dominance of algae or floating plants in the former and emergent plants in the latter. Algae, floating and submerged plants remove nutrients directly from the water column whereas emergent species remove nutrients from the sediment. Water depth is a crucial factor in determining which plant types will become established. Surface flow constructed wetlands offer the greatest potential to grow a wide variety of different types of macrophytes. In assessing the suitability of plant species for nutrient removal, consideration must be given not only to nutrient uptake for growth but also storage of nutrients as plant biomass. A survey of macrophytes in 15 surface flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent was conducted in Queensland; 63 native species and 14 introduced species were found. Emergent species have been able to tolerate deeper water than in their natural environment and permanent waterlogging. All species grew well in the higher nutrient enriched wastewater. Submerged, floating leaved-attached and free floating species had the highest tissue nutrient content, followed by aquatic creepers. All these species remove nutrients from the water column. Emergent species had lower nutrient content but a greater biomass and were therefore able to store more nutrients per unit area of wetland. In order to maximise the efficiency of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal, a range of species should be used. Native species should be selected in preference to introduced/exotic species.

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilization Ratios and Frequencies on the Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae)

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Shixin Deng ◽  
Kankan Shi ◽  
Jiang Ma ◽  
Lili Zhang ◽  
Luyi Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Growth Index ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Transport Efficiency ◽  
Magnolia Wufengensis

Through this study, the most suitable fertilization ratio, amount and frequency were determined, providing a scientific reference for further fertilization management for Magnolia wufengensis (Magnoliaceae) seedlings. Fertilization is an important cultivation and management measure to maintain forest seedling health and rapid growth. However, improper fertilization can also have unexpected effects: inhibiting seedling growth, increasing the cost of production and contaminating the environment. Thus, to explore the most suitable fertilization treatment for Magnolia wufengensis growth, one-year-old Magnolia wufengensis seedlings and the orthogonal design method were used in this study. Three different fertilization frequencies were used combined with 9 NPK ratios. The growth index, chlorophyll content, nutrient content in tissues, nutrient transport efficiency, nutrient uptake, and soil properties were analyzed. Fertilization can increase chlorophyll content, promoting the vegetative growth and biomass accumulation of Magnolia wufengensis. Fertilization reduced the proportion of root biomass to whole plant biomass, resulting in an increase in stem biomass with little effect on leaf biomass. Additionally, fertilization also increased the proportion of N in roots, P in stems and K in leaves. Under fertilization, the K transport efficiency was higher than that of N and P. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between the nutrient use efficiencies of N and K. Overall, the effects of six fertilizer applications were much better than those of four and eight fertilizer applications on the promotion of vegetative growth, biomass and nutrient accumulation, nutrient uptake and transport efficiency. The results showed that six fertilizer applications with an NPK ratio of 3:2:1 as follows: N application at 480 mg/plant, P application at 320 mg/plant, and K application at 160 mg/plant was the most suitable fertilization method for plant growth.

Nutrient removal and plant biomass of 5 wetland plant species in Singapore

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Sim ◽  
H. S. Eikaas ◽  
S. H. Chan ◽  
J. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Phragmites Karka ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Five native plant species (Typha angustifolia, Scirpus mucronatus, Lepironia articulata, Eleocharis dulcis and Phragmites karka) were investigated for their nutrient removal efficiencies in shallow pond systems in Sg Buloh Wetland Reserve with water depth 0.12-0.30 m of a total 160 m2 in area size. The project aimed to investigate nutrient removal rates, removal efficiencies, nutrient storage in plant biomass, and plant growth. Pond water quality before and after planting in fully vegetated ponds improved significantly at 24.4% TP and 64.4% TN reduction in Pond 6. Scirpus mucronatus, Typha angustifolia, Lepironia articulata and Eleocharis dulcis showed high growth rates. Phragmites karka showed low growth rate due to pest attack by aphids. Nutrient concentration in stem/leaf samples of the 5 species were within the ranges of 1% to 3% of dry weight for nitrogen and 0.1% to 0.3% of dry weight for phosphorus. Average daily mass removal rates ranged from 3.5-9.6 kg P ha−1 day−1 and 13.5-33.5 kg N ha−1 day−1. This field trial showed that the 4 species Lepironia articulata, Eleocharis dulcis, Typha angustifolia and Scirpus mucronatus are suitable species in surface flow wetland or shallow pond systems for nutrient removal in tropical environments.

Changes in plant biomass and nutrient removal over 3 years in a constructed wetland in Cairns, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Greenaway ◽  
A. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Total N ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

The surface flow wetland in Cairns, Australia consists of 3 linear channels each 65 m long. Channels 1 and 2 are 5 m wide and Channel 3 is 15 m wide. The wetland was constructed in 1994 and band planted with emergent macrophyte species and alternating open water sections. The wetland was monitored for plant growth and nutrient removal until 1997. During that period HRT was 16 days in Channel 1 and 10 days in Channels 2 and 3; mass loading rates were 2.4 kg Total N and 2.0 kg Total P ha-1 d-1 in Channel 1 and 3.7 kg TN and 3.3 kg TP ha-1 d-1 in Channels 2 and 3. The aim of this work was to determine the proportion of nutrient removal that could be attributed to direct uptake by macrophytes and incorporated into plant biomass. Over the 3 year monitoring period reduction in total mass of nutrients was: Channel 1: 26% P, 85% N; Channel 2: 28% P, 87% N; Channel 3: 21% P, 81% N. Percentage reduction of FRP (Filterable Reactive Phosphorus) was similar to TP; NOx removal was 97-98%. Mass removal rates for TN and TP were higher in Channels 2 and 3 despite greater nutrient loading rates and shorter detention times. Total FRP removal was 23 kg P in Channel 1, 33 kg P in Channel 2 and 70 kg P in Channel 3 of which plant biomass accounted for 65%, 44% and 47% respectively. Total nitrogen removal was 92 kg in Channel 1, 154 kg in Channel 2 and 386 kg in Channel 3 of which plant biomass accounted for 47%, 27% and 27% respectively. Thus, in this tropical surface flow wetland supporting a mixture of emergent macrophytes and floating duckweed, vegetation is an important mechanism for direct nutrient removal.

scholarly journals Effect of Weed Management Practices and Fertilizer Levels on Crop Nutrient Uptake and Weed Nutrient Removal in the Hybrid Rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Polagani Nagarjuna ◽  
R. S. Singh ◽  
P. Varalakshmi ◽  
Y. N. Mohan Babu
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Hybrid Rice ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Plot Design

Aim: Comparative evaluation of weed management practices and fertilizer levels on crop nutrient uptake and weed nutrient removal in the hybrid rice. Study Design: The experiment was laid out in split-plot design with weed management in main-plot and fertilizer levels in sub-plot and was replicated thrice. Place and Duration of Study: Experiment was performed during the kharif period of 2017 at the Research Farm, TCA, Dholi, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur (BIHAR). Methodology: The experiment was performed with twelve treatments in a split plot design. The main plot comprised four different weed management practices and under the sub-plot there were three fertilizer levels. Rice hybrid “ARIZE-6444” was taken as the test variety. Observations of the crop and weeds during the experimental duration were recorded at regular intervals, to assess the probable relationship between growth attributes and the final yield. The significance of the treatment impact was examined by the F test. Results: Among weed management practices, maximum uptake by rice with respect to nitrogen (152.85 Kg/ha), phosphorous (45.79 Kg/ha) and potassium (187.13 Kg/ha) and minimum removal by weed regarding nitrogen (1.30 Kg/ha), phosphorous (0.54 Kg/ha) and potassium (1.85 Kg/ha) was recorded in treatment hand weeding twice which was observed statistically at par with Bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g/ha + Pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha at 25 DAT. Among fertilizer levels, application of 150 per cent RDF registered the highest portion of nitrogen (130.52 Kg/ha), phosphorous (40.40 Kg/ha) and potassium (164.49 Kg/ha) uptake by rice crop and nutrient removal through weeds is nitrogen (10.65 Kg/ha), phosphorous (4.84 Kg/ha) and potassium (15.59 Kg/ha) of, and respectively. Conclusion: Among different weed management practices combined application of Bispyribac-sodium @ 25 g/ha + Pyrazosulfuron @ 25 g/ha at @) DAT or hand weeding twice (20 and 40 DAT) was found effective in controlling weeds and increase in the quality and quantity of rice. Among fertilizer levels application of 125% RDF was found effective in increase in the yield, nutrient content of the crop and substantially reduction of nutrients removed by weed in rice field.

scholarly journals 447 Nutrient Removal by Five Ornamental Wetland Plant Species Grown in Treatment-production Wetland Biofilters

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 521D-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Holt ◽  
Brian K. Maynard ◽  
William A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Total N ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Garden Plant

We assessed the capacity for nutrient removal of ornamental water garden plants being grown in treatment-production wetland biofilters. Plant biomass, nutrient uptake, tissue nutrient content, and production potential were compared for five popular ornamental water garden plant species: Typha latifolia L., Iris pseudacorus L., Phalaris arundinacea L. `Picta', Canna glauca L., and Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. Plants were grown in triplicate 0.3 m2 × 0.3 m, deep gravelbed mesocosms fed with 20N-20P-20K Peter's fertilizer (Scotts-Sierra Horticultural Products Co., Marysville, Ohio) reconstituted to 100 ppm N. After 120 days, mean species total biomass ranged from 1.4 to 5.6 kg·m -2, while producing 105 to 206 divisions per square meter. Growth for Canna and Colocasia was greatest, while Typha produced the most divisions. Mean tissue N and P concentrations ranged from 18 to 29 and 2.1 to 3.0 mg·g -1, respectively. Maximum plant accumulation of 144 g N/m 2 and 15.6 g P/m2 accounted for 70% of the N and 15% of the P supplied by fertilizer. Mean removal of total N and P ranged from 42% to 90% and 18% to 58%, respectively, and was positively correlated with plant biomass. Nutrient removal ability was ranked as Canna = Colocasia > Typha > Iris = Phalaris.

Phosphorus mass balance in a surface flow constructed wetland receiving piggery wastewater effluent

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 712-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Lee ◽  
M. C. Maniquiz ◽  
J. Y. Choi ◽  
J.-H. Kang ◽  
L.-H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Common Reed ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Phosphorus Retention ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Dominant Plant Species ◽  
Phosphorus Mass Balance

This research was conducted to investigate the phosphorus forms present in water, soil and sediment and to estimate the phosphorus mass balance in a surface flow constructed wetland (CW). Water quality and sediment samples were collected from each cell along the hydrologic path in the CW from October 2008 to December 2010. At the same time, three dominant plant species (e.g. common reed and cattails) were observed through the measurement of the weight, height and phosphorus content. Based on the results, the orthophosphate constituted 24–34% of total phosphorus in water for each cell. The overall average phosphorus removal efficiency of the CW was approximately 38%. The average inflow and outflow phosphorus loads during the monitoring period were 1,167 kg/yr and 408 kg/yr, respectively. The average phosphorus retention rate was 65%, was mainly contributed by the settling of TP into the bottom sediments (30%). The phosphorus uptake of plants was less than 1%. The estimated phosphorus mass balance was effective in predicting the phosphorus retention and release in the CW treating wastewater. Continuous monitoring is underway to support further assessment of the CW system and design.

Enhancing growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and nutrient removal in diluted primary piggery wastewater by elevated CO2 supply

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (10) ◽  
pp. 2281-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Qi ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Yi Yu ◽  
Xiaosheng Liang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Piggery Wastewater ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Feasible Option

The coupling of primary piggery wastewater as a culture medium with elevated CO2 aeration is thought to be an economically feasible option for the cultivation of microalgae. However, little information is available regarding the photosynthetic characteristics of microalgae and nutrient removal from wastewater at different CO2 concentrations. It was found that elevated CO2 aeration provided sustained growth at CO2 concentrations ranging from 5% to 15% and performed best with 5% CO2 aeration in primary piggery wastewater for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth. Photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were stimulated in response to CO2 enrichment, thus increasing nutrient uptake in primary piggery wastewater, particularly total nitrogen and total phosphorus. A study of carbon-concentrating mechanism-related gene expression revealed that the levels of mRNAs, such as CAH1, LCIB and HLA3, were significantly downregulated. This represents a possible method for the reconciliation of CO2-stimulated growth with mixotrophic cultivation of C. reinhardtii in diluted primary piggery wastewater.

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