scholarly journals 447 Nutrient Removal by Five Ornamental Wetland Plant Species Grown in Treatment-production Wetland Biofilters

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 521D-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Holt ◽  
Brian K. Maynard ◽  
William A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Total N ◽  
Horticultural Products ◽  
Garden Plant

We assessed the capacity for nutrient removal of ornamental water garden plants being grown in treatment-production wetland biofilters. Plant biomass, nutrient uptake, tissue nutrient content, and production potential were compared for five popular ornamental water garden plant species: Typha latifolia L., Iris pseudacorus L., Phalaris arundinacea L. `Picta', Canna glauca L., and Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott. Plants were grown in triplicate 0.3 m2 × 0.3 m, deep gravelbed mesocosms fed with 20N-20P-20K Peter's fertilizer (Scotts-Sierra Horticultural Products Co., Marysville, Ohio) reconstituted to 100 ppm N. After 120 days, mean species total biomass ranged from 1.4 to 5.6 kg·m -2, while producing 105 to 206 divisions per square meter. Growth for Canna and Colocasia was greatest, while Typha produced the most divisions. Mean tissue N and P concentrations ranged from 18 to 29 and 2.1 to 3.0 mg·g -1, respectively. Maximum plant accumulation of 144 g N/m 2 and 15.6 g P/m2 accounted for 70% of the N and 15% of the P supplied by fertilizer. Mean removal of total N and P ranged from 42% to 90% and 18% to 58%, respectively, and was positively correlated with plant biomass. Nutrient removal ability was ranked as Canna = Colocasia > Typha > Iris = Phalaris.

Effects of CO2 enrichment and nutrition on growth, photosynthesis, and nutrient concentration of Alaskan tundra plant species

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 2993-2998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven F. Oberbauer ◽  
Nasser Sionit ◽  
Steven J. Hastings ◽  
Walter C. Oechel
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Ledum Palustre ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentrations ◽  
Alaskan Tundra

Three Alaskan tundra species, Carex bigelowii Torr., Betula nana L., and Ledum palustre L., were grown in controlled-environment chambers at two nutrition levels with two concentrations of atmospheric CO2 to assess the interactive effects of these factors on growth, photosynthesis, and tissue nutrient content. Carbon dioxide concentrations were maintained at 350 and 675 μL L−1 under photosynthetic photon flux densities of 450 μmol m−2 s−1 and temperatures of 20:15 °C (light:dark). Nutrient treatments were obtained by watering daily with 1/60- or 1/8- strength Hoagland's solution. Leaf, root, and total biomass were strongly enhanced by nutrient enrichment regardless of the CO2 concentration. In contrast, enriched atmospheric CO2 did not significantly affect plant biomass and there was no interaction between nutrition and CO2 concentration during growth. Leaf photosynthesis was increased by better nutrition in two species but was unchanged by CO2 enrichment during growth in all three species. The effects of nutrient addition and CO2 enrichment on tissue nutrient concentrations were complex and differed among the three species. The data suggest that CO2 enrichment with or without nutrient limitation has little effect on the biomass production of these three tundra species.

The effect of genotype on biomass and nutrient content in 11-year-old loblolly pine plantations

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Pope
Keyword(s):  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Seed Source ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Hilly Region

Dry weights and nutrient contents of all aboveground biomass components were estimated for four seed sources of 11-year-old loblolly pine (Pinustaeda L.) grown in plantations of the same spacing on an old-field site of high quality in the hilly region of north-central Arkansas, U.S.A. Soil nutrient content was estimated to a depth of 0.61 m. Stand data averaged over all seeds sources are in agreement with published reports for dry weight and nutrient accumulation for loblolly pine if differences associated with seasonal variation are considered. Seed source significantly affected total dry matter and nutrient accumulations. Estimated total aboveground mean annual accumulation of biomass for the four seed sources ranged from 5.99 × 103 to 11.17 × 103 kg/ha per year. Elemental accumulation (kilograms per hectare per year) ranged from 14.06 to 23.66 for N, 1.54 to 3.45 for P, and 6.96 to 18.43 for K. On the average, trees comprise 84% of the aboveground plant biomass and contain 76% of the N, 77% of the P, and 90%, of the K associated with plant tissue. The significant influence of seed source on these stand values can affect the potential impact of short rotation, total tree harvesting on long-term site productivity. The elemental content of the tree biomass ranged from 7 to 11% of the total N, 20 to 35% of the P, and 14 to 30% of the K in the soil–litter–plant system.

scholarly journals Flora of spoil heaps after hard coal mining in Trzebinia (southern Poland): effect of substratum properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Woch ◽  
Magdalena Radwańska ◽  
Anna M. Stefanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Total Carbon Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Southern Poland ◽  
Spoil Heaps

Abstract - The aim of the present study was to investigate the composition of spontaneous plant cover and the physicochemical properties of the substratum of spoil heaps of the Siersza hard coal mine in Trzebinia (southern Poland) abandoned in 2001. Floristic and soil analyses were performed in 2011. The substratum was very diverse in terms of texture (sand: 55-92 %, clay: 6-38 %), nutrient content (total C: 1.3-41.0 %, total N: 0.05-0.49 %, total Ca: 0.5-7.3 %) and pH (3.7-8.7). Moreover, total thallium concentration in the substratum was high, ranging from 6.0 to 14.6 mg kg-1. Plant cover varied from 50 to 95 %. The number of plant species per 4m2 varied from 6 to 29 and correlated negatively with total carbon content (r = -0.85, p < 0.01), and positively with sand content in the substratum (r = 66, p < 0.05). The highest number of species per area unit was observed on a humus substratum, where initial soil has developed on the part of carboniferous waste rock spoil under 20-30 year old trees, and the lowest on carbon shale with coal and culm. Among 197 plant species, most belong to Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Rosaceae families. Hemicryptophytes (49%) and terophytes (18%) predominated. The investigated area was primarily colonized by native species spread by the wind. However, invasive alien species also had a significant share (8%) in the plant cover.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and Phosphorous Removal by Ornamental and Wetland Plants in a Greenhouse Recirculation Research System

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1704-1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Chen ◽  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Allen D. Owings ◽  
Donald J. Merhaut
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Wetland Plants ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Total N ◽  
Calla Lily

A nutrient recirculation system (NRS) was used to assess the ability of four ornamental and three wetland plant species to remove nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) from stormwater runoff. The NRS was filled with a nutrient solution with total N and P concentrations of 11.3 and 3.1 mg·L−1, respectively, to simulate high levels of nutrient contaminations in stormwater. Nutrient removal abilities of herbaceous perennial ornamental plants, canna (Canna ×generalis Bailey) ‘Australia’, iris (Iris pseudacorus L.) ‘Golden Fleece’, calla lily [Zantedeschia aethiopica (L.) Spreng], and dwarf papyrus (Cyperus haspan L.) were compared with those of wetland plants arrow arum [Peltandra virginica (L.) Schott], pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L.), and bulltongue arrowhead (Sagittaria lancifolia L.) in three experiments. ‘Australia’ canna had the greatest water consumption, total biomass production, and aboveground N and P content followed by pickerelweed. ‘Golden Fleece’ iris had higher tissue N concentrations than canna but much lower biomass production. Dwarf papyrus had similar total biomass as pickerelweed but less shoot biomass. N and P removed from the NRS units planted with canna (98.7% N and 91.8% P) were higher than those planted with iris and arrow arum (31.6% and 31.5% N, and 38.5% and 26.3% P, respectively). NRS units planted with dwarf papyrus had similar nutrient recovery rate as pickerelweed, but much less total N and P were removed as a result of less water consumption. The NRS units planted with calla lily had lower nutrient removal than canna and pickerelweed. Our results suggest that canna is a promising ornamental species for stormwater mitigation, and harvesting the aboveground biomass of canna can effectively remove N and P from the treatment system. However, more research needs to be done to evaluate factors that might affect plant performance in a floating biofiltration system.

Nutrient removal and plant biomass of 5 wetland plant species in Singapore

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Sim ◽  
H. S. Eikaas ◽  
S. H. Chan ◽  
J. Gan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Typha Angustifolia ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Phragmites Karka ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

Five native plant species (Typha angustifolia, Scirpus mucronatus, Lepironia articulata, Eleocharis dulcis and Phragmites karka) were investigated for their nutrient removal efficiencies in shallow pond systems in Sg Buloh Wetland Reserve with water depth 0.12-0.30 m of a total 160 m2 in area size. The project aimed to investigate nutrient removal rates, removal efficiencies, nutrient storage in plant biomass, and plant growth. Pond water quality before and after planting in fully vegetated ponds improved significantly at 24.4% TP and 64.4% TN reduction in Pond 6. Scirpus mucronatus, Typha angustifolia, Lepironia articulata and Eleocharis dulcis showed high growth rates. Phragmites karka showed low growth rate due to pest attack by aphids. Nutrient concentration in stem/leaf samples of the 5 species were within the ranges of 1% to 3% of dry weight for nitrogen and 0.1% to 0.3% of dry weight for phosphorus. Average daily mass removal rates ranged from 3.5-9.6 kg P ha−1 day−1 and 13.5-33.5 kg N ha−1 day−1. This field trial showed that the 4 species Lepironia articulata, Eleocharis dulcis, Typha angustifolia and Scirpus mucronatus are suitable species in surface flow wetland or shallow pond systems for nutrient removal in tropical environments.

Changes in plant biomass and nutrient removal over 3 years in a constructed wetland in Cairns, Australia

2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Greenaway ◽  
A. Woolley
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Emergent Macrophytes ◽  
Total N ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Reactive Phosphorus

The surface flow wetland in Cairns, Australia consists of 3 linear channels each 65 m long. Channels 1 and 2 are 5 m wide and Channel 3 is 15 m wide. The wetland was constructed in 1994 and band planted with emergent macrophyte species and alternating open water sections. The wetland was monitored for plant growth and nutrient removal until 1997. During that period HRT was 16 days in Channel 1 and 10 days in Channels 2 and 3; mass loading rates were 2.4 kg Total N and 2.0 kg Total P ha-1 d-1 in Channel 1 and 3.7 kg TN and 3.3 kg TP ha-1 d-1 in Channels 2 and 3. The aim of this work was to determine the proportion of nutrient removal that could be attributed to direct uptake by macrophytes and incorporated into plant biomass. Over the 3 year monitoring period reduction in total mass of nutrients was: Channel 1: 26% P, 85% N; Channel 2: 28% P, 87% N; Channel 3: 21% P, 81% N. Percentage reduction of FRP (Filterable Reactive Phosphorus) was similar to TP; NOx removal was 97-98%. Mass removal rates for TN and TP were higher in Channels 2 and 3 despite greater nutrient loading rates and shorter detention times. Total FRP removal was 23 kg P in Channel 1, 33 kg P in Channel 2 and 70 kg P in Channel 3 of which plant biomass accounted for 65%, 44% and 47% respectively. Total nitrogen removal was 92 kg in Channel 1, 154 kg in Channel 2 and 386 kg in Channel 3 of which plant biomass accounted for 47%, 27% and 27% respectively. Thus, in this tropical surface flow wetland supporting a mixture of emergent macrophytes and floating duckweed, vegetation is an important mechanism for direct nutrient removal.

Suitability of macrophytes for nutrient removal from surface flow constructed wetlands receiving secondary treated sewage effluent in Queensland, Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Surface Flow Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Emergent Species

From a botanical perspective the major difference between waste stabilisation ponds and wetlands is the dominance of algae or floating plants in the former and emergent plants in the latter. Algae, floating and submerged plants remove nutrients directly from the water column whereas emergent species remove nutrients from the sediment. Water depth is a crucial factor in determining which plant types will become established. Surface flow constructed wetlands offer the greatest potential to grow a wide variety of different types of macrophytes. In assessing the suitability of plant species for nutrient removal, consideration must be given not only to nutrient uptake for growth but also storage of nutrients as plant biomass. A survey of macrophytes in 15 surface flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent was conducted in Queensland; 63 native species and 14 introduced species were found. Emergent species have been able to tolerate deeper water than in their natural environment and permanent waterlogging. All species grew well in the higher nutrient enriched wastewater. Submerged, floating leaved-attached and free floating species had the highest tissue nutrient content, followed by aquatic creepers. All these species remove nutrients from the water column. Emergent species had lower nutrient content but a greater biomass and were therefore able to store more nutrients per unit area of wetland. In order to maximise the efficiency of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal, a range of species should be used. Native species should be selected in preference to introduced/exotic species.

scholarly journals The potency of mexican sunflower extract as the replacement of manure and rice husk charcoal in banana seedling

Jurnal Agro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Andre Sparta ◽  
Arifah Rahmi ◽  
Panca Jarot Santoso ◽  
Ida Fitrianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Medium ◽  
Number Of Leaves

In the nursery, media composition plays an essential role in the growth and development of plant seedlings. Extract of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) could be suitable for replacing organic manure and rice husk charcoal during the seedling phase. The purpose of this study is to examine the ability of Mexican sunflower extract to replace organic manure and rice husk charcoal as the source of nutrients for banana seedling. The study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with seven treatments and three replications. Extract of Mexican sunflower promotes plant growth (plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area), improves plant biomass, and improves soil chemical properties (pH (H2O), C organic, and total N). Application twice a week of Mexican sunflower into soil medium resulted superior in plant height, the number of leaves, leaf area, and total biomass of banana seedlings compared to other treatments. Extract of Mexican sunflower could replace organic manure and rice husk charcoal as the nutrient source in banana seedlings. AbstrakPada saat pembibitan, komposisi media memiliki peranan penting terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bibit tanaman. Ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko (Tithonia diversifolia) dapat menjadi pilihan yang cocok untuk menggantikan peran dari pupuk kandang dan sekam bakar pada fase pembibitan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kemampuan dari ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko untuk menggantikan peran pupuk kandang dan sekam bakar sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi bibit pisang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan tujuh perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan luas daun), biomassa tanaman, dan property dari kimia tanah (pH (H2O), karbon  organik  dan   total nitrogen). Aplikasi dari ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko dua kali seminggu ke media tanah menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun dan total biomassa tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bunga matahari Meksiko dapat menggantikan peran dari pupuk kandang sapi dan sekam bakar sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi bibit pisang.           

scholarly journals Plant Bioestimulants: Compost Tea and Bioslurry Characterization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Iván Funes-Pinter ◽  
Gabriel Pisi ◽  
Matías Aroca ◽  
Laura Elizabeth Martínez ◽  
Marcela Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Compost Tea ◽  
Variable Properties ◽  
Grape Marc ◽  
Tea Quality ◽  
Impatiens Walleriana ◽  
Economical Alternative

Abstract In the present study, the quality of aerated and non-aerated compost teas and bioslurry as bio-fertilizers and its application on two plant species in different substrates were tested. Compost tea brewed from a mixture residues compost presented higher nutrient content than that brewed from grape marc composted. Aeration, with shorter extraction time, resulted in higher pH, but in general with lower nutrient concentration, while bioslurry, presented higher nitrogen content. No pathogen and toxic effects were detected in the bio-products. Finally, Bio-products were evaluated in ornamental plant species: Petunia hibrida and Impatiens walleriana , where compost teas and bioslurry presented highly variable properties and effects on plant growth, depending on the substrate and species used. While in sand no significant effect on plant biomass and pigments were observed, in compost and commercial substrate bioslurry presented values similar to the traditional fertilizer. Compost tea presented variable results with no differences between aerated and non-aerated, both increasing carotenoids in I. walleriana in sand. We conclude that aeration showed no differences in compost tea quality, whilst bioslurry demonstrated to increase plant biomass at similar values to traditional fertilizer. Our results demonstrated that alternative products are an efficient, safe, ecological, and economical alternative to traditional products.

scholarly journals Treatment and Re-Use of Raw Blackwater by Chlorella vulgaris-Based System

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2660
Author(s):  
Marco Antonio Segovia Bifarini ◽  
Miha Žitnik ◽  
Tjaša Griessler Bulc ◽  
Aleksandra Krivograd Klemenčič
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Sanitation Systems

In this study, we examined a Chlorella vulgaris-based system as a potential solution to change liquid waste, such as blackwater, into valuable products for agriculture while protecting waters from pollution without technical demanding pre-treatment. To evaluate the possibility of nutrient removal and biomass production from raw blackwater, four blackwater dilutions were tested at lab-scale: 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. The results showed that even the less diluted raw blackwater was a suitable growth medium for microalgae C. vulgaris. As expected, the optimum conditions were observed in 10% blackwater with the highest growth rate (0.265 d−1) and a nutrient removal efficiency of 99.6% for ammonium and 33.7% for phosphate. However, the highest biomass productivity (5.581 mg chlorophyll-a L−1 d−1) and total biomass (332.82 mg dry weight L−1) were achieved in 50% blackwater together with the highest chemical oxygen demand removal (81%) as a result of the highest nutrient content and thus prolonged growth phase. The results suggested that the dilution factor of 0.5 followed by microalgae cultivation with a hydraulic retention time of 14 days could offer the highest biomass production for the potential use in agriculture and, in parallel, a way to treat raw blackwater from source-separation sanitation systems.

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