Electrolytic removal of ammonia from aqueous phase by Pt/Ti anode

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2451-2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Yuanxing Huang ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Yangyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Indirect Oxidation ◽  
Zero Order Kinetics ◽  
Secondary Clarifier

This study investigated the mechanism and kinetic modeling of electrolytic degradation of ammonia with Pt/Ti anode. The results show that ammonia oxidation from direct oxidation or indirect oxidation with hydroxyl radicals was slow but can be observed under pH 9 and high initial ammonia concentration of 1,050 mg N L−1. Indirect oxidation with HOCl was the mechanism for the chloride-mediated electrolytic removal of ammonia. In this process, pH between 3 and 9 had little effect on the ammonia removal rate, but current density (j) and chloride concentration ([Cl−]) showed a linear relationship with ammonia removal rate within the range of 3.8–15.4 mA cm−2 and 30–300 mg L−1, respectively. The ammonia removal could be described by a pseudo-zero order kinetics with a mathematic equation of k = 0.0003 × [Cl−] × j − 0.076. Treatment of the actual wastewater effluent from a secondary clarifier in a local wastewater treatment plant showed an ammonia removal rate of 0.8 mg N L−1 h−1 and energy cost of 14 kJ per mg N ammonia.

Experience from start-ups of the first ANITA Mox Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 2677-2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Christensson ◽  
S. Ekström ◽  
A. Andersson Chan ◽  
E. Le Vaillant ◽  
R. Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Start Up

ANITA™ Mox is a new one-stage deammonification Moving-Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) developed for partial nitrification to nitrite and autotrophic N-removal from N-rich effluents. This deammonification process offers many advantages such as dramatically reduced oxygen requirements, no chemical oxygen demand requirement, lower sludge production, no pre-treatment or requirement of chemicals and thereby being an energy and cost efficient nitrogen removal process. An innovative seeding strategy, the ‘BioFarm concept’, has been developed in order to decrease the start-up time of new ANITA Mox installations. New ANITA Mox installations are started with typically 3–15% of the added carriers being from the ‘BioFarm’, with already established anammox biofilm, the rest being new carriers. The first ANITA Mox plant, started up in 2010 at Sjölunda wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Malmö, Sweden, proved this seeding concept, reaching an ammonium removal rate of 1.2 kgN/m3 d and approximately 90% ammonia removal within 4 months from start-up. This first ANITA Mox plant is also the BioFarm used for forthcoming installations. Typical features of this first installation were low energy consumption, 1.5 kW/NH4-N-removed, low N2O emissions, <1% of the reduced nitrogen and a very stable and robust process towards variations in loads and process conditions. The second ANITA Mox plant, started up at Sundets WWTP in Växjö, Sweden, reached full capacity with more than 90% ammonia removal within 2 months from start-up. By applying a nitrogen loading strategy to the reactor that matches the capacity of the seeding carriers, more than 80% nitrogen removal could be obtained throughout the start-up period.

Nitrogen removal from raw landfill leachate by an algae–bacteria consortium

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn D. Sniffen ◽  
Christopher M. Sales ◽  
Mira S. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Concentration Maximum ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Bacteria Culture

A remediation system for the removal of nitrogen from landfill leachate by a mixed algae–bacteria culture was investigated. This system was designed to treat leachate with minimal inputs and maintenance requirements, and was operated as an open semi-batch reactor in an urban greenhouse. The results of this study showed a maximum nitrogen removal rate of 9.18 mg N/(L·day) and maximum biomass density of 480 mg biomass/L. The ammonia removal rates of this culture increased with increasing initial ammonia concentration; maximum nitrogen removal occurred at an ammonia concentration of 80 mg N-NH3/L. At starting ammonia concentrations above 80 mg N-NH3/L a reduction in nitrogen removal was seen; this inhibition is hypothesized to be caused by ammonia toxicity. This inhibiting concentration is considerably higher than that of many other published studies.

Impact of Raw Water Ammonia on the Surface Water Treatment Processes and Its Removal by Nitrification

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Alamgir Hossain ◽  
ANM Fakhruddin ◽  
Sirajul Islam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Treatment Processes

Impact of raw water ammonia on the treated water quality and removal of ammonia from surface water were studied. Raw water ammonia and physicochemical quality of treated water of Saidabad Water Treatment Plant were analyzed for the period of one year (January through December 2006). The monthly averages of maximum (7.55 mg/l) and minimum (0.34 mg/l) ammonia-N level of the raw water were recorded in March and September 2006 respectively. During dry season raw water containing high concentration of ammonia reacted with chlorine at pre-chlorination step of treatment processes and disrupted the total treatment system. It was found from the study that when the concentration of ammonia was high in raw water the aesthetic characters such as turbidity, colour, taste, odour, alkalinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, total chlorine etc. of the treated water were changed significantly. Chemical consumption is increased as a result water treatment costs is increased. To mitigate the above problems of the treated water nitrification was used for the removal of ammonia from raw water. Ammonia removal rate was monitored with some other water quality parameters during the study. In the nitrification process ammonia was removed from raw water very effectively, i.e., maximum about 98% raw water ammonia was removed during the study. Additionally other water quality factors were improved significantly.Keywords: Raw water, Treated water, Raw water ammonia, Water quality, NitrificationDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1249 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 24, Number 2, December 2007, pp 85-89

scholarly journals Electrocatalytic Degradation of Sulfameth Thiadiazole by GAC@Ni/Fe Three-Dimensional Particle Electrode

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Li ◽  
Yingzi Lin ◽  
SuiYi Zhu ◽  
Gen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cell Voltage ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Indirect Oxidation ◽  
Plate Spacing ◽  
Loading Ratio

Abstract In this work, GAC@Ni/Fe particle electrodes were prepared and employed for the degradation of Sulfamethylthiadiazole (SMT) by three-dimensional electrocatalytic technology.The effects of particle electrode bi-metal loading ratio, cell voltage, particle electrode dosage, electrode plate spacing and SMT initial concentration on SMT removal were studied.In addition, GAC@Ni/Fe particle electrode was analyzed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) to characterize . which indicated that a significant amount of Iron-nickel oxide were formed on the surface of GAC@Ni/Fe particle electrode.The results indicated that when the nickel-iron loading ratio is 1:1, the SMT removal effect is the best, and the removal rate can reach 90.89% within 30 minutes,Compared with the granular activated carbon without bimetal, the removal efficiency is increased by 37.58%. The degradation of SMT in the GAC@Ni/Fe particle three-dimensional electrode reactor is the joint result of both direct oxidation and indirect oxidation. The contribution rates of direct oxidation of anode and particle electrode and indirect oxidation of ·OH in the degradation are 32%, 27% and 41%, respectively. Based on the intermediate detected by ultra high liquid chromatography and the calculation of bond energy of SMT molecule by Gauss software，the degradation pathway of SMT in the GAC@Ni/Fe three-dimensional electrode reactor is proposed. This research provides a green, healthy and effective method for removing sulfonamide micro-polluted wastewater.

Electrochemically-assisted ammonia recovery from wastewater using a floating electrode

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (8) ◽  
pp. 1804-1811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim H. Muster ◽  
Johannes Jermakka
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Environmental Waters ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Ammonia Recovery ◽  
Anodic Reactions ◽  
Floating Electrode

This work presents and explores a novel methodology for the removal and recovery of ammonia from wastewater based upon two mechanisms: electrochemical oxidation and a previously unreported electrochemically-assisted surface transfer mechanism. Recovery of ammonia is enabled by placing a porous cathodic electrode at the wastewater-air interface. In this configuration, the cathode creates local alkalinity and an electric field that draws ammonium ions towards the wastewater-air interface, resulting in near-linear reductions of dissolved ammonium irrespective of concentration. This approach leads to significant ammonia recovery without the need for ion-exchange membranes. In addition, anodic reactions that simultaneously occur at depth in the wastewater induce ammonia oxidation in accordance with proven mechanisms. The floating electrode approach offers improved ammonia removal efficiency in comparison to electrooxidation. Trials conducted on synthetic wastewater (900 mg NH4+-N l−1) and filtered anaerobic centrate (560 mg NH4+-N l−1) demonstrated ammonia concentration decreases up to 216 mg l−1 hr−1 and 110 mg l−1 hr−1, respectively, under the application of 5 mA cm−2 current density. The technology would be best used to treat municipal and industrial wastewaters possessing high ammonia concentration, including anaerobic digester centrate and urine, and offers potential to assist in removing ammonia from environmental waters.

Start-Up of Anammox Process Using Municipal Sewage Sludge in One UASB Reactor

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2022-2025
Author(s):  
Wen Qiang Hua ◽  
Qin Zhang ◽  
Lu Han Wu ◽  
Wan Bing Hou ◽  
Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Uasb Reactor ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
N Removal

Using municipal sewage treatment plant sludge as the inoculation sludge, anaerobic ammonia oxidation experiment started in a UASB reactor with an effective volume of 3.5L. The experiment lasted 116d, experimental medium term, the system NH4+-N, NO2--N removal rates were above 50%. Changing influent load will cause a greater impact on the reactor, resulting in fluctuations of NH4+-N and NO2--N removal rate. Late, NO2--N / NH4+-N values ​​remain at around 1. The sludge in the reactor changed from gray-brown to pink. The system is more stable for removing NH4+-N and NO2--N.

Nitrogen removal from wastewater treatment lagoons

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Hurse ◽  
Michael A. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Removal ◽  
Contour Plot ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen Concentration ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Removal Processes

In an attempt to gain a better understanding of ammonia and nitrogen removal processes in multi-pond wastewater treatment lagoons, an analysis was carried out of data obtained during regular monitoring of Lagoon 115E at the Western Treatment Plant in Melbourne. To do this, a contour plot approach was developed that enables the data to be displayed as a function of pond number and date. Superimposition of contour plots for different parameters enabled the dependence of ammonia and nitrogen removal rates on various lagoon characteristics to be readily assessed. The importance of nitrification as an ammonia removal mechanism was confirmed. Temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration and algal concentration all had a significant influence on whether or not sizeable nitrifier populations developed and persisted in lagoon waters. The analysis made it evident that a better understanding of microbial, chemical and physical processes in lagoons is needed before their nitrogen removal capabilities can be predicted with confidence.

scholarly journals Assessment of Microplastics in a Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant with Tertiary Treatment: Removal Efficiencies and Loading per Day into the Environment

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1339
Author(s):  
Javier Bayo ◽  
Sonia Olmos ◽  
Joaquín López-Castellanos
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Tertiary Treatment ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Wastewater Samples

This study investigates the removal of microplastics from wastewater in an urban wastewater treatment plant located in Southeast Spain, including an oxidation ditch, rapid sand filtration, and ultraviolet disinfection. A total of 146.73 L of wastewater samples from influent and effluent were processed, following a density separation methodology, visual classification under a stereomicroscope, and FTIR analysis for polymer identification. Microplastics proved to be 72.41% of total microparticles collected, with a global removal rate of 64.26% after the tertiary treatment and within the average retention for European WWTPs. Three different shapes were identified: i.e., microfiber (79.65%), film (11.26%), and fragment (9.09%), without the identification of microbeads despite the proximity to a plastic compounding factory. Fibers were less efficiently removed (56.16%) than particulate microplastics (90.03%), suggesting that tertiary treatments clearly discriminate between forms, and reporting a daily emission of 1.6 × 107 microplastics to the environment. Year variability in microplastic burden was cushioned at the effluent, reporting a stable performance of the sewage plant. Eight different polymer families were identified, LDPE film being the most abundant form, with 10 different colors and sizes mainly between 1–2 mm. Future efforts should be dedicated to source control, plastic waste management, improvement of legislation, and specific microplastic-targeted treatment units, especially for microfiber removal.

Model-based evaluation of a new upgrading concept for N-removal

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 169-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Salem ◽  
D. Berends ◽  
J.J. Heijnen ◽  
M.C.M. van Loosdrecht
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Model Based ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Quantitative Basis ◽  
Treatment Concepts

Mathematical modelling is considered a time and cost-saving tool for evaluation of new wastewater treatment concepts. Modelling can help to bridge the gap between lab and full-scale application. Bio-augmentation can be used to obtain nitrification in activated sludge systems with a limited aerobic sludge retention time. In the present study the potential for augmenting the endogenous nitrifying population is evaluated. Implementing a nitrification reactor in the sludge return line fed with sludge liquor with a high ammonia concentration leads to augmentation of the native nitrifying population. Since the behaviour of nitrifiers is relatively well known, a choice was made to evaluate this new concept mainly based on mathematical modelling. As an example an existing treatment plant (wwtp Walcheren, The Netherlands) that needed to be upgraded was used. A mathematical model, based on the TUDP model and implemented in AQUASIM was developed and used to evaluate the potential of this bioaugmentation in the return sludge line. A comparison was made between bio-augmentation and extending the existing aeration basins and anoxic tanks. The results of both modified systems were compared to give a quantitative basis for evaluation of benefits gained from such a system. If the plant is upgraded by conventional extension it needs an increase in volume of about 225%; using a bioaugmentation in the return sludge line the total volume of the tanks needs to be expanded by only 75% (including the side stream tanks). Based on the modelling results a decision was made to implement the bioaugmentation concept at full scale without further pilot scale testing, thereby strongly decreasing the scale-up period for this process.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of organic matter-degrading bacteria from coking wastewater treatment plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (7) ◽  
pp. 1517-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riqiang Li ◽  
Jianxing Wang ◽  
Hongjiao Li
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Coking Wastewater ◽  
Naphthalene Degradation ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Abstract As a step toward bioaugmentation of coking wastewater treatment 45 bacteria strains were isolated from the activated sludge of a coking wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Three strains identified as Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas synxantha, and Pseudomonas pseudoaligenes exhibited high dehydrogenase activity which indicates a strong ability to degrade organic matter. Subsequently all three strains showed high naphthalene degradation abilities. Naphthalene is a refractory compound often found in coking wastewater. For B. cereus and P. synxantha the maximum naphthalene removal rates were 60.4% and 79.8%, respectively, at an initial naphthalene concentration of 80 mg/L, temperature of 30 °C, pH of 7, a bacteria concentration of 15% (V/V), and shaking speed of 160 r/min. For P. pseudoaligenes, the maximum naphthalene removal rate was 77.4% under similar conditions but at 35 °C.

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