scholarly journals Temperature, plant species and residence time effects on nitrogen removal in model treatment wetlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2337-2343 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Allen ◽  
O. R. Stein ◽  
P. B. Hook ◽  
M. D. Burr ◽  
A. E. Parker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
One Year

Total nitrogen (TN) removal in treatment wetlands (TWs) is challenging due to nitrogen cycle complexity and the variation of influent nitrogen species. Plant species, season, temperature and hydraulic loading most likely influence root zone oxygenation and appurtenant nitrogen removal, especially for ammonium-rich wastewater. Nitrogen data were collected from two experiments utilizing batch-loaded (3-, 6-, 9- and 20-day residence times), sub-surface TWs monitored for at least one year during which temperature was varied between 4 and 24 °C. Synthetic wastewater containing 17 mg/l N as NH4 and 27 mg/l amino-N, 450 mg/l chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 13 mg/l SO4-S was applied to four replicates of Carex utriculata, Schoenoplectus acutus and Typha latifolia and unplanted controls. Plant presence and species had a greater effect on TN removal than temperature or residence time. Planted columns achieved approximately twice the nitrogen removal of unplanted controls (40–95% versus 20–50% removal) regardless of season and temperature. TWs planted with Carex outperformed both Typha and Schoenoplectus and demonstrated less temperature dependency. TN removal with Carex was excellent at all temperatures and residence times; Schoenoplectus and Typha TN removal improved at longer residence times. Reductions in TN were not accompanied by increases in NO3, which was consistently below 1 mg/l N.

Modeling dynamics of organic carbon and nitrogen removal during aeration interruption in aerated horizontal flow treatment wetlands

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 597-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Boog ◽  
Thomas Kalbacher ◽  
Jaime Nivala ◽  
Manfred van Afferden ◽  
Roland A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Horizontal Flow ◽  
Simulation Accuracy ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Abstract Despite recent developments in process-based modeling of treatment wetlands (TW), the dynamic response of horizontal flow (HF) aerated wetlands to interruptions of aeration has not yet been modeled. In this study, the dynamic response of organic carbon and nitrogen removal to interruptions of aeration in an HF aerated wetland was investigated using a recently-developed numerical process-based model. Model calibration and validation were achieved using previously obtained data from pilot-scale experiments. Setting initial concentrations for anaerobic bacteria to high values ( 35–70 mg L−1) and including ammonia sorption was important to simulate the treatment performance of the experimental wetland in transition phases when aeration was switched off and on again. Even though steady-state air flow rate impacted steady-state soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs), ammonia nitrogen (NH4–N) and oxidized nitrogen (NOx–N) concentration length profiles, it did not substantially affect corresponding effluent concentrations during aeration interruption. When comparing simulated with experimental results, it is most likely that extending the model to include mass transfer through the biofilm will allow to better explain the underlying experiments and to increase simulation accuracy. This study provides insights into the dynamic behavior of HF aerated wetlands and discusses assumptions and limitations of the modeling approach.

scholarly journals Estimación cinética de los procesos biológico de lixiviados, a partir de un sistema experimental con humedales artificiales utilizando especies nativas

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba Nely Arévalo Verjel ◽  
Jacipt Alexander Ramón Valencia ◽  
Jairo Lenín Ramón Valencia
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Study ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
Substrate Removal ◽  
Kinetic Coefficients ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

<p>En este trabajo de investigación se realizó el estudio cinético de un sistema de tratamiento de lixiviados proveniente de la compactación de las basuras del relleno sanitario Guayabal (Cúcuta), por medio de humedales artificiales utilizando las especies vegetales Crysopogon Zizanioides y Typha Latifolia utilizando como base el modelo de la ecuación de Michaelis-Menten que explica la cinética de una reacción enzimática, aplicando la metodología del agua residual para la mezcla de lixiviado. Las ecuaciones del tratamiento biológico de las aguas residuales dependen de coeficientes cinéticos y estequiometricos. Estos coeficientes varían entre diversos tipos de agua residual, por lo que es necesario calcularlos mediante ensayos pilotos de laboratorio, que simulen el tratamiento del agua residual en estudio. Una vez se estabilizo el biofiltro después de la semana séptima de monitoreo se llevó a cabo el estudio cinético. Se tomaron cuatro muestras por cada uno de los tiempos de retención los cuales fueron 5,4,3,2,1 día.</p><p>Los parámetros que se analizaron fueron Demanda Química de Oxigeno (DQO) y Sólidos Suspendidos Volátiles (SSV) analizados en los laboratorios de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander. Con los datos obtenidos de cada tiempo de retención, se procedió a realizar el cálculo de los coeficientes cinéticos y estequiométricos para sustrato y biomasa, el tiempo de retención que presento la mayor remoción de contaminantes y el mejor coeficiente de correlación R fue el de cinco días que se analizó para los diferentes autores: Orozco, Eckenfelder, McKinney dando mejores resultados para remoción de sustrato Eckenfelder y Orozco para producción de biomasa. Tras el periodo de monitoreo se determinó que la especie vegetal Typha latifolia alcanzó los valores máximos de remoción en la mayoría de los parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos evaluados; de manera semejante Crysopogon Zizanioides tuvo remociones con una diferencia mínima inferior.</p><p>Abstract</p><p>In this project the kinetic study of a leachate treatment system from compacting garbage landfill Guayabal ( Cucuta ) through artificial wetland plant species using Crysopogon zizanioides and Typha latifolia was performed using as the base model Michaelis- Menten kinetics explaining an enzymatic reaction , using the methodology of wastewater for mixing leachate. The equations of biological treatment of wastewater dependent kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients. These coefficients vary between different types of waste water, making it necessary to calculate by laboratory pilot tests that simulate wastewater treatment study.Once the biofilter stabilized after the seventh week of monitoring conducted the kinetic study four samples were taken for each of the retention times which were 5 to 1 day. The parameters analyzed were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) analyzed in the laboratories of the University Francisco de Paula Santander. With the data obtained from each retention time, we proceeded to perform the calculation of the kinetic coefficients and stoichiometric for substrate and biomass retention time that had the highest contaminant removal and the best correlation coefficient R was five days which we were analyzed for different authors: Orozco, Eckenfelder, McKinney giving better results for Eckenfelder substrate removal and Orozco for biomass production. After the monitoring period is determined that the plant species Typha Latifolia reached the maximum values of removal in most chemical and microbiological parameters evaluated; similarly Crysopogon Zizanioides removals had a lower minimum difference.</p>

scholarly journals Enrichment of Denitrifying Bacterial Community Using Nitrite as an Electron Acceptor for Nitrogen Removal from Wastewater

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renda Yao ◽  
Quan Yuan ◽  
Kaijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Operational Mode ◽  
Balance Analysis

This work aimed to enrich a denitrifying bacterial community for economical denitrification via nitrite to provide the basic objects for enhancing nitrogen removal from wastewater. A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with continuous nitrite and acetate feeding was operated by reasonably adjusting the supply rate based on the reaction rate, and at a temperature of 20 ± 2 °C, pH of 7.5 ± 0.2, and dissolved oxygen (DO) of 0 mg/L. The results revealed that the expected nitrite concentration can be achieved during the whole anoxic reaction period. The nitrite denitrification rate of nitrogen removal from synthetic wastewater gradually increased from approximately 10 mg/(L h) to 275.35 mg/(L h) over 12 days (the specific rate increased from 3.83 mg/(g h) to 51.80 mg/(g h)). Correspondingly, the chemical oxygen demand/nitrogen (COD/N) ratio of reaction decreased from 7.9 to 2.7. Both nitrite and nitrate can be used as electron acceptors for denitrification. The mechanism of this operational mode was determined via material balance analysis of substrates in a typical cycle. High-throughput sequencing showed that the main bacterial community was related to denitrification, which accounted for 84.26% in the cultivated sludge, and was significantly higher than the 2.16% in the seed sludge.

Simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal using a litre-scale upflow microbial fuel cell

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-ling Zhao ◽  
Tian-shun Song
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

A 10 L upflow microbial fuel cell (UMFC) was constructed for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal. During the 6-month operation, the UMFC constantly removed carbon and nitrogen, and then generated electricity with synthetic wastewater as substrate. At 5.0 mg L−1 dissolved oxygen, 100 Ω external resistance, and pH 6.5, the maximum power density (Pmax) and nitrification rate for the UMFC was 19.5 mW m−2 and 17.9 mg·(L d)−1, respectively. In addition, Pmax in the UMFC with chicken manure wastewater as substrate was 16 mW m−2, and a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of 94.1% in the UMFC was achieved at 50 mM phosphate-buffered saline. Almost all ammonia in the cathode effluent was effectively degraded after biological denitrification in the UMFC cathode. The results can help to further develop pilot-scale microbial fuel cells for simultaneous carbon and nitrogen removal.

scholarly journals Biological treatment of leachate from stabilization of biodegradable municipal solid waste in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bernat ◽  
M. Zaborowska ◽  
M. Zielińska ◽  
I. Wojnowska-Baryła ◽  
W. Ignalewski
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of pollutant removal in sequencing batch biofilm reactors (with floating or submerged carriers) when treating nitrogen- and organic-rich real leachate generated during aerobic stabilization of the biodegradable municipal solid waste. A control reactor contained suspended activated sludge. The share of leachate in synthetic wastewater was 10%, which resulted in ratios of chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand to total Kjeldahl nitrogen in the influent of ca. 11 and ca. 8.5, respectively. Regardless of whether the reactors contained carriers or not, the effectiveness of nitrification (84.2–84.3%) and of the removal of chemical oxygen demand (86.5–87.0%), biochemical oxygen demand (95.5–98.0%) and ammonium (88.9–89.3%) did not differ. However, the presence of carriers and their type determined in which phase of the cycle denitrification occurred. In the control reactor, denitrification took place during mixing phase with the effectiveness of ca. 43.2% (57.7% of the total nitrogen removal). During aeration, the oxygen content increased rapidly, thus reduced the possibility of simultaneous denitrification. In reactors with carriers, in the aeration phase, not only nitrification but also denitrification occurred. The increase in oxygen content in wastewater was slower, which could have caused dissolved oxygen gradients and anoxic zones in deeper layers of the biofilm and flocks. In the reactor with floating carriers, the effectiveness of denitrification and total nitrogen removal increased 1.23- and 1.10-times, respectively, as compared to the control reactor. The highest efficiencies (67.7% and 73.0%, respectively) were observed in the reactor with submerged carriers.

Wetland Treatment of Pulp Mill Wastewater

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Moore ◽  
S. M. Skarda ◽  
R. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Colour Removal ◽  
Scirpus Acutus ◽  
Wetland Treatment ◽  
Spike Rush

Ten wetland ponds, each 1430 m2 (1/3 acre) in area are being utilized to evaluate the treatment of wastewater from a pulp mill. The ponds are being operated at a depth of 46 cm (18″) and detention times are 2 and 10 days. Six of the ponds have been planted to cattails (Typha latifolia) and three to bulrush (Scirpus acutus). One of the ponds is filled with large (150 mm) stone to compare a subsurface non-plant system. In 24 stock tanks, 8 aquatic plant species (Cattail, Hardstem Bulrush, Bolander's Rush, Common Spike Rush, Water Mannagrass, Beaked Sedge, Water Parsley and Yellow Pond Lily) are being grown to evaluate the effect of plants in the wetland treatment of wastewater. These same species are being evaluated in a larger area for competitiveness and hardiness in the wastewater. The ponds were planted in the winter of 1990/91. Results of this work on treatment of biochemical oxygen demand, solids and colour removal will be reported. Removals are in the range of 55%, 70% and less than 5% for the three parameters, respectively.

The use of ultrasound to accelerate the anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tiehm ◽  
K. Nickel ◽  
U. Neis
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Residence Time ◽  
Continuous Fermentation ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Residence Times ◽  
Anaerobic Digesters ◽  
Rate Limiting Step ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Sludge Hydrolysis

The slow degradation rate of sewage sludge in anaerobic digesters is due to the rate limiting step of sludge hydrolysis. The effect of ultrasound pretreatment on sludge degradability was investigated using ultrasound at a frequency of 31 kHz and high acoustic intensities. Ultrasound treatment resulted in raw sludge disintegration as was demonstrated by increase of Chemical Oxygen Demand in the sludge supernatant and size reduction of sludge solids. Semi-continuous fermentation experiments with disintegrated and untreated sludge were done for four months on a half-technical scale. One fermenter was operated as a control with a conventional residence time of 22 days. Four fermenters were operated with disintegrated sludge and residence times of 22, 16, 12, and 8 days, respectively. In the fermenters operated with identical residence times of 22 days reduction of volatile solids was 45.8% for untreated sludge and 50.3% for disintegrated sludge. The fermentation of disintegrated sludge was stable even at the shortest residence time of 8 days with biogas production 2.2 times that of the control fermenter. Due to ultrasound disintegration a better degradability of raw sludge was achieved that permitted a substantial increase in throughput.

Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Removal in Attached-Growth Circulating Reactor (AGCR)

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Karnchanawong ◽  
C. Polprasert
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Channel Length ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Attached Growth ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Air Diffusion

Experiments on attached-growth circulating reactor (AGCR) were conducted to investigate its efficiencies on organic carbon and nitrogen removal (through denitrification). A laboratory-scale AGCR, made of serpentine channel with a total length of 180.0 m, was fed with a synthetic wastewater at the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total nitrogen (TN) loading rates of 3.56-10.16 and 0.30 - 0.91 g/(m2.d), respectively. The reactor effluent was recycled back to the influent feeding point and the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations along the channel length were controlled by means of air diffusion. It was found that the COD loading rate of 5 g/(m2. d) corresponding to the TN loading rate of 0.54 g/(m2.d) gave the optimal COD and TN removal rates of 4.8 and 0.43 g/(m2.d), respectively. The overall AGCR performance was limited by the nitrification efficiency at the high TN loading rates. The biofilm accumulation and thickness were found to be relatively high in the first-half portion of the channel length where carbon oxidation and denitrification were predominant. The second-half portion where nitrification mainly occurred had much less biofilm accumulation and thickness.

scholarly journals Integrated Constructed Wetland (ICW) System a Sustainable Novel Technique for Urban Wastewater Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyaraman Sethuraman Sudarsan ◽  
Ramasamy Annadurai ◽  
Subramanian Nithiyanantham
Keyword(s):  
Constructed Wetland ◽  
Typha Latifolia ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Impurity Level ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
System A ◽  
Reduction Efficiency ◽  
Integrated Constructed Wetland ◽  
Wetland System ◽  
One Year

Abstract The present study focuses on various aspects of Integrated Constructed Wetland System (ICW) systems with reference to its efficiency, and eco-friendliness in the treatment of domesticwastewater. The biological oxygen demand (BOD) impurity level is in the ranged from 383 mgl-1 to 248 mgl-1, chemical oxygen demand (COD)420 mgl-1 to 340 mgl-1, Total Phosphorus (TP) 10.2 mgl-1 to 5 mgl-1 and Total Nitrogen (TN) 18.9 mgl-1 to 14.8 mgl-1 respectively over a period of one year (SRM University). The influent contaminants are degradable in nature especially with high TP and TN concentrations. Six units of Constructed Wetland System (ICW)units are built with uniform dimensions of 2×1× 0.9 m based on EPA and TVA.The wetland plants chosen areTypha Latifolia and Phragmites Australis. Among the wetland units, Typha oriented units are observed to perform better with a reduction efficiency of 87% for BOD, 86% for COD, 70% for TP and 78% for TN proving that Typha Latifoliais a better aquatic plant for overall wastewater treatment. The removal efficiency increases with time and reaches maximum in 192 hrs. To substantiate the experimental study output, Statistical analysis (ANOVA) and multiple regression analysis with normality plot has carried out. It isevident that thepercentage removal of many parameters especially organic parameters over a period of time in treating with different wetland units is highly significant.

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