Wetland Treatment of Pulp Mill Wastewater

Ten wetland ponds, each 1430 m2 (1/3 acre) in area are being utilized to evaluate the treatment of wastewater from a pulp mill. The ponds are being operated at a depth of 46 cm (18″) and detention times are 2 and 10 days. Six of the ponds have been planted to cattails (Typha latifolia) and three to bulrush (Scirpus acutus). One of the ponds is filled with large (150 mm) stone to compare a subsurface non-plant system. In 24 stock tanks, 8 aquatic plant species (Cattail, Hardstem Bulrush, Bolander's Rush, Common Spike Rush, Water Mannagrass, Beaked Sedge, Water Parsley and Yellow Pond Lily) are being grown to evaluate the effect of plants in the wetland treatment of wastewater. These same species are being evaluated in a larger area for competitiveness and hardiness in the wastewater. The ponds were planted in the winter of 1990/91. Results of this work on treatment of biochemical oxygen demand, solids and colour removal will be reported. Removals are in the range of 55%, 70% and less than 5% for the three parameters, respectively.

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Treatment of combined coffee processing wastewater using constructed wetland/ Cyperus-ustulatus and Typha-latifolia plants process

Global NEST Journal ◽

10.30955/gnj.003688 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 429-433

Keyword(s):

Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Treatment Option ◽

Constructed Wetland ◽

Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Tap Water ◽

Low Cost ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Processing Plant ◽

Wetland Treatment

The research investigated wastewater discharges from wet coffee processing plant (WCPP) combined with tap water (TW) treated by using Cyperus-ustulatus plant (P1), Typha-latifolia plant (P2) wetland. The WCPP wastewater was conducted by different combination (100%WW + 0% TW; 75% WW + 25% TW; 50% WW + 50% TW; 75%WW + 25% TW and 0% WW + 100% TW) after being irrigated for 21 days in the constructed wetland with P1, P2and control (without a plant). The highest value of total solids, chemical oxygen demand and biochemical oxygen demand increases were 76%, 95% and, 96%, respectively, removed wastewater treated by T3 (50% WW + 50% TW) with P2 wetland after 21 days irrigated. As a result, the combination of coffee wastewater with constructed wetland treatment methods was a low-cost, affordable, technically viable and eco-friendly treatment option for the wet coffee processing plant wastewater.

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Performance of Filterbeds and Macrophytes in Vertical Constructed Wetland for Treating Domestic Sewage Effluent

10.21203/rs.3.rs-554874/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vanitha Thammaiah ◽

Manjunatha Hebbara ◽

Manjunatha Mudukapla Virupakshappa

Keyword(s):

Constructed Wetland ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Organic N ◽

Sewage Effluent ◽

Ammoniacal Nitrogen ◽

Wetland Treatment ◽

Nitrogen Phosphorus

Abstract An experiment with different filterbeds and macrophytes was carried-out to study their phytoremediation capacity on the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland (CW) during November to March, 2017-18 at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad campus, Karnataka, India. Twenty treatment combinations involving five types of filterbeds (FB-1: gravel, FB-2: gravel-sand-gravel, FB-3: gavel-sand-brick-gravel, FB-4: gravel-sand-charcoal-gravel and FB-5: gravel-sand-(charcoal+brick)-gravel) and four macrophytes (MP-1: Typha latifolia, MP-2: Brachiaria mutica, MP-3: Canna indica and MP-4: Phragmites sps.) were evaluated for treating domestic wastewater. After 120 days from start, across treatment combinations, water electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved and suspended solids (TDS-TSS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), sodium, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), bicarbonates, total nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (N-P-K) and boron (B) were reduced by more than 40 per cent due to wetland treatment. The system enhanced the mineralization of organic nitrogen to ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4+-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) fractions. Among filterbeds, Type-5 caused higher reduction in pH, EC, BOD, COD and Organic-N while, Type-4 proved efficient in removing total solids and lowering pH in the sewage effluent. The Type-3 filterbed removed more suspended solids, potassium and ammoniacal nitrogen. Among the macrophytes, Brachiaria (paragrass) removed more nitrogen and potassium while, Phragmites removed more nitrogen, phosphorus and boron. The flexibility of implementation allows the CW to be adapted to different sites with different configurations, being suitable as main, secondary or tertiary treatment stage.

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Estimación cinética de los procesos biológico de lixiviados, a partir de un sistema experimental con humedales artificiales utilizando especies nativas

Revista de Tecnología ◽

10.18270/rt.v14i2.1869 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Alba Nely Arévalo Verjel ◽

Jacipt Alexander Ramón Valencia ◽

Jairo Lenín Ramón Valencia

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Study ◽

Plant Species ◽

Retention Time ◽

Enzymatic Reaction ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Leachate Treatment ◽

Substrate Removal ◽

Kinetic Coefficients ◽

Microbiological Parameters

En este trabajo de investigación se realizó el estudio cinético de un sistema de tratamiento de lixiviados proveniente de la compactación de las basuras del relleno sanitario Guayabal (Cúcuta), por medio de humedales artificiales utilizando las especies vegetales Crysopogon Zizanioides y Typha Latifolia utilizando como base el modelo de la ecuación de Michaelis-Menten que explica la cinética de una reacción enzimática, aplicando la metodología del agua residual para la mezcla de lixiviado. Las ecuaciones del tratamiento biológico de las aguas residuales dependen de coeficientes cinéticos y estequiometricos. Estos coeficientes varían entre diversos tipos de agua residual, por lo que es necesario calcularlos mediante ensayos pilotos de laboratorio, que simulen el tratamiento del agua residual en estudio. Una vez se estabilizo el biofiltro después de la semana séptima de monitoreo se llevó a cabo el estudio cinético. Se tomaron cuatro muestras por cada uno de los tiempos de retención los cuales fueron 5,4,3,2,1 día.Los parámetros que se analizaron fueron Demanda Química de Oxigeno (DQO) y Sólidos Suspendidos Volátiles (SSV) analizados en los laboratorios de la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander. Con los datos obtenidos de cada tiempo de retención, se procedió a realizar el cálculo de los coeficientes cinéticos y estequiométricos para sustrato y biomasa, el tiempo de retención que presento la mayor remoción de contaminantes y el mejor coeficiente de correlación R fue el de cinco días que se analizó para los diferentes autores: Orozco, Eckenfelder, McKinney dando mejores resultados para remoción de sustrato Eckenfelder y Orozco para producción de biomasa. Tras el periodo de monitoreo se determinó que la especie vegetal Typha latifolia alcanzó los valores máximos de remoción en la mayoría de los parámetros fisicoquímicos y microbiológicos evaluados; de manera semejante Crysopogon Zizanioides tuvo remociones con una diferencia mínima inferior.AbstractIn this project the kinetic study of a leachate treatment system from compacting garbage landfill Guayabal ( Cucuta ) through artificial wetland plant species using Crysopogon zizanioides and Typha latifolia was performed using as the base model Michaelis- Menten kinetics explaining an enzymatic reaction , using the methodology of wastewater for mixing leachate. The equations of biological treatment of wastewater dependent kinetic and stoichiometric coefficients. These coefficients vary between different types of waste water, making it necessary to calculate by laboratory pilot tests that simulate wastewater treatment study.Once the biofilter stabilized after the seventh week of monitoring conducted the kinetic study four samples were taken for each of the retention times which were 5 to 1 day. The parameters analyzed were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and volatile suspended solids (VSS) analyzed in the laboratories of the University Francisco de Paula Santander. With the data obtained from each retention time, we proceeded to perform the calculation of the kinetic coefficients and stoichiometric for substrate and biomass retention time that had the highest contaminant removal and the best correlation coefficient R was five days which we were analyzed for different authors: Orozco, Eckenfelder, McKinney giving better results for Eckenfelder substrate removal and Orozco for biomass production. After the monitoring period is determined that the plant species Typha Latifolia reached the maximum values of removal in most chemical and microbiological parameters evaluated; similarly Crysopogon Zizanioides removals had a lower minimum difference.

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Adventitious coastal-aquatic and aquatic plants - indicators of global climate warming

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv2021103117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

Vera Valentinovna Solovieva

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Climate Warming ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Volga Basin ◽

Pistia Stratiotes ◽

Impatiens Glandulifera ◽

Migration Activity ◽

Vallisneria Spiralis ◽

Impatiens Glandulifera Royle

The paper describes the habitats of Vallisneria spiralis L., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, Pistia stratiotes L. discovered in recent years within the Samara Region. A brief review of the papers devoted to the migration activity of these plant species on the territory of the Russian Federation and the Volga basin is given. Impatiens glandulifera Royle is an annual hygrophyte. In the flora of the Samara Region it was first noted among local coastal plants in 2004 on one of the ponds of Samara on Mirnaya Street. The plant entered the reservoir from the adjacent garden plots of the private sector. Pistia stratiotes L. is an aquatic plant. In the flora of the Samara Region, a pistia was first found on September 17, 2006 in a city pond (near School № 154 of Samara) among thickets of Elodea canadensis Michx. and Typha latifolia L. growing at a depth of up to 50 cm. Vallisneria spiralis L. was first discovered within the Samara Region in September 2020. Long-term monitoring of the distribution of coastal-aquatic and aquatic macrophytes-migrants in the Middle Volga basin will allow us to more confidently attribute them to possible indicators of global and local climate warming and one of the examples when aquatic plant species move from south to north within the Volga basin.

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Physico-Chemical, Biological Properties and Biodiversity of Aquatic Plant Species In Macferson Lake Allahabad, U.P. India

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.12.3.14 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 628-632

Author(s):

Ganesh Shanker Mishra ◽

Abhishek James ◽

H.B. Paliwal ◽

Hemant Kumar

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Water Samples ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Lemna Minor ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Total Coliform ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Water Area ◽

Total Hardness

Present study is directed towards the analysis of the water quality of the Macferson Lake, Allahabad which is heavily polluted by human activity. The required water samples collected rendomly from different locations of the study area and analyzed in the department of Environmental Sciences and NRM, SHUATS, Allahabad. The Temperature, EC, pH, TDS, Turbidity, Total hardness, Mg Hardness, Ca Hardness, BOD, DO, Alkalinity, Chloride, and Total coliform of the water samples have been analyzed. To assess the quality of the water each parameter was compared with the standard prescribed by Central pollution control board (CPCB, 2012). It is found that the Water hyacinth and Typha latifolia aquatic plant species were showing higher dominancy over the Macferson Lake. Both are covering the maximum surface water area of the lake. It is also found that receives species like Lemna minor, Sagitaria latifolia and Hydro-cotyle ranunculoids are found in a very less quantity and restricted to limited areas of the Lake. The findings of the present study help in multi-dimensional aspects and uses water of aforesaid lake including domestic purpose.

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Potential susceptibility of six aquatic plant species to infection by five species of Phytophthora

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-10-20-2190-re ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Natasha L. Bell ◽

Steven N. Jeffers ◽

Daniel R. Hitchcock ◽

Sarah A. White

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Constructed Wetlands ◽

Panicum Virgatum ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Phytophthora Spp ◽

Vegetated Channels ◽

Multiple Species ◽

Production Areas ◽

Leaf Disks

Investigations of the susceptibility of aquatic plants to species of Phytophthora are limited. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the potential susceptibility of six aquatic plant species, frequently used in constructed wetlands or vegetated channels, to infection by five species of Phytophthora commonly found at nurseries in the southeastern United States. In a greenhouse experiment, roots of each plant species (Agrostis alba, Carex stricta, Iris ensata ‘Rising Sun’, Panicum virgatum, Pontederia cordata, and Typha latifolia) growing in aqueous solutions were exposed to zoospores of each of the species of Phytophthora (P. cinnamomi, P. citrophthora, P. cryptogea, P. nicotianae, and P. palmivora). Zoospore presence and activity in solution were monitored using a standard baiting bioassay with rhododendron leaf disks as baits. Experiments were initiated in 2016 and repeated in 2017 and 2018. During the 2016 trials, Phytophthora spp. were not isolated from the roots of any of the plants, but some roots of C. stricta, P. virgatum, and T. latifolia were infected with multiple species of Phytophthora during trials in 2017 and 2018. Presence of plant roots reduced the percentage of rhododendron leaf disks infected by zoospores of four of the species of Phytophthora, but not those infected by P. cinnamomi, which suggested that roots of these plants negatively affected the presence or activity of zoospores of these four species of Phytophthora in the aqueous growing solution. Results from this study demonstrated that certain aquatic plant species may serve as sources of inoculum at ornamental plant nurseries if these plants are present naturally in waterways or used in constructed wetlands treating water flowing off production areas, which could be of concern to plant producers who recycle irrigation water.

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Aquatic Plants for Acid Mine Drainage Remediation in Simulated Wetland Systems

Jurnal Natur Indonesia ◽

10.31258/jnat.13.3.244-249 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 244

Author(s):

Ali Munawar ◽

Farkhruddin Okte Leitu ◽

Hendri Bustamam

Keyword(s):

Acid Mine Drainage ◽

Plant Species ◽

Aquatic Plants ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Mine Drainage ◽

Plant Biomass ◽

Growth Media ◽

Organic Substrates ◽

Acid Mine ◽

Wetland Treatment

Aquatic plant is an important component of a constructed wetland system for treating acid mine drainage (AMD).This study was conducted to investigate the remediation effects of planting three aquatic plants species on AMDquality in simulated wetland systems. Simulated wetland systems were constructed using 10-L plastic containersas growth media comprising mixed-organic substrates and aquatic plant species as planting treatments. Thetreatments involved individual plantings with Fimbristilys hispidula (Vahl) Konth, Mariscus compactus (Retz) Druce,and Typha angustifolia L., and mixed-planting with a combined three-plant species. As the control was the unplantedmedia. The plants were continuously flooded with very acidic AMD collected from a mine pit in PT TambangBatubara Bukit Asam, South Sumatra. During the experiment, the acidity (pH), oxidation reduction potential (Eh),and electrical conductivity (EC) of the flooding AMD were measured after 24 hours of the flooding, and thenbiweekly until the plants entered their reproductive stage. To estimate Fe removed by plants, AMD samples weretaken from both planted and unplanted systems for total dissolved Fe analyses. The data revealed some remediationeffects of planting aquatic plants on AMD in the wetland treatment systems. The presence of plants in the wetlandsystem appeared to induce oxygen diffusion to surrounding roots, which might result in Fe precipitation on rootsurface. Although no differences among planting treatments, Fe removals by plants highly correlated (R2=0.92)with the production of plant biomass.

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Temperature, plant species and residence time effects on nitrogen removal in model treatment wetlands

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.482 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (11) ◽

pp. 2337-2343 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

C. R. Allen ◽

O. R. Stein ◽

P. B. Hook ◽

M. D. Burr ◽

A. E. Parker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Residence Time ◽

Nitrogen Removal ◽

Root Zone ◽

Typha Latifolia ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Treatment Wetlands ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Residence Times ◽

One Year

Total nitrogen (TN) removal in treatment wetlands (TWs) is challenging due to nitrogen cycle complexity and the variation of influent nitrogen species. Plant species, season, temperature and hydraulic loading most likely influence root zone oxygenation and appurtenant nitrogen removal, especially for ammonium-rich wastewater. Nitrogen data were collected from two experiments utilizing batch-loaded (3-, 6-, 9- and 20-day residence times), sub-surface TWs monitored for at least one year during which temperature was varied between 4 and 24 °C. Synthetic wastewater containing 17 mg/l N as NH4 and 27 mg/l amino-N, 450 mg/l chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 13 mg/l SO4-S was applied to four replicates of Carex utriculata, Schoenoplectus acutus and Typha latifolia and unplanted controls. Plant presence and species had a greater effect on TN removal than temperature or residence time. Planted columns achieved approximately twice the nitrogen removal of unplanted controls (40–95% versus 20–50% removal) regardless of season and temperature. TWs planted with Carex outperformed both Typha and Schoenoplectus and demonstrated less temperature dependency. TN removal with Carex was excellent at all temperatures and residence times; Schoenoplectus and Typha TN removal improved at longer residence times. Reductions in TN were not accompanied by increases in NO3, which was consistently below 1 mg/l N.

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Environmental benefits of magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching of mechanical pulp – mill results

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj12.6.9 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 9-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TOMI HIETANEN ◽

JUHA TAMPER ◽

KAJ BACKFOLK

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Magnesium Hydroxide ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pulp Mill ◽

Transition Metal Ions ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Raw Material ◽

Paper Machine ◽

High Brightness ◽

Peroxide Bleaching

The use of a new, technical, high-purity magnesium hydroxide-based peroxide bleaching additive was evaluated in full mill-scale trial runs on two target brightness levels. Trial runs were conducted at a Finnish paper mill using Norwegian spruce (Picea abies) as the raw material in a conventional pressurized groundwood process, which includes a high-consistency peroxide bleaching stage. On high brightness grades, the use of sodium-based additives cause high environmental load from the peroxide bleaching stage. One proposed solution to this is to replace all or part of the sodium hydroxide with a weaker alkali, such as magnesium hydroxide. The replacement of traditional bleaching additives was carried out stepwise, ranging from 0% to 100%. Sodium silicate was dosed in proportion to sodium hydroxide, but with a minimum dose of 0.5% by weight on dry pulp. The environmental effluent load from bleaching of both low and high brightness pulps was significantly reduced. We observed a 35% to 48% reduction in total organic carbon (TOC), 37% to 40% reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), and 34% to 60% reduction in biological oxygen demand (BOD7) in the bleaching effluent. At the same time, the target brightness was attained with all replacement ratios. No interference from transition metal ions in the process was observed. The paper quality and paper machine runnability remained good during the trial. These benefits, in addition to the possibility of increasing production capacity, encourage the implementation of the magnesium hydroxide-based bleaching concept.

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Peranan BOD biosensor untuk proses optimasi pengolahan limbah sintetik di SBR

Sains & Teknologi ◽

10.24123/jst.v1i2.2222 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Lindawati Lindawati

Keyword(s):

Biochemical Oxygen Demand ◽

Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽

Batch Reactor ◽

Oxygen Demand

Sebuah Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi peranan Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) biosensor dalam proses optimasi proses pengolahan nutrien karbon, nitrogen dan fosfat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BOD biosensor dapat dipergunakan untuk penentuan karbon organik, sehingga reduksi siklus SBR dapat dilakukan dan efisiensi proses meningkat. Pola konsumsi karbon organik ditemukan dengan adanya ‘tanda diam’ pada fase anoksik/ anaerobik, di mana dari tanda ini, fase aerobik dapat segera dimulai. Reduksi durasi siklus SBR dari 8 jam menjadi 4 jam meningkatkan efiesiensi pengolahan C, N dan P yang meningkat pula (hampir dua kali lebih tinggi).

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