The need for electronic noses for environmental odour exposure assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Capelli ◽  
Licinia Dentoni ◽  
Selena Sironi ◽  
Renato Del Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Odour Source ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Electronic Nose Technology

This paper focuses on the opportunities for using electronic noses for odour exposure assessment purposes, especially in cases where dispersion modelling is not applicable. Such cases include, for instance, those sources where a detailed characterisation and quantification of the odour emissions for every hour of the simulation time domain is particularly difficult, due to the nature of the source or to the variability of the emissions over time. In such situations, it is useful to determine odour exposure directly at receptors instead. This paper critically discusses the state of the art of electronic nose technology as far as its application to the determination of odour exposure at receptors is concerned. One example of electronic nose application to the monitoring of odours from an Italian municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill is reported, in order to discuss the instrument's potential and limits. The monitoring results are represented by the number of measures that are classified in a specific olfactory class; this information allows the odour exposure at each monitoring site in terms of odour detection frequency to be determined. Besides a quantification of the odour episodes, electronic noses allowed the identification of the landfill gas as the monitored landfill major odour source.

scholarly journals Use of Electronic Noses for Diagnosis of Digestive and Respiratory Diseases through the Breath

Biosensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Sánchez ◽  
J. Santos ◽  
Jesús Lozano
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Electronic Nose Technology

The increased occurrence of chronic diseases related to lifestyle or environmental conditions may have a detrimental effect on long-term health if not diagnosed and controlled in time. For this reason, it is important to develop new noninvasive early diagnosis equipment that allows improvement of the current diagnostic methods. This, in turn, has led to an exponential development of technology applied to the medical sector, such as the electronic nose. In addition, the appearance of this type of technology has allowed the possibility of studying diseases from another point of view, such as through breath analysis. This paper presents a bibliographic review of past and recent studies, selecting those investigations in which a patient population was studied with electronic nose technology, in order to identify potential applications of this technology in the detection of respiratory and digestive diseases through the analysis of volatile organic compounds present in the breath.

Differentiation of aspirated nasal air from room air using analysis with a differential mobility spectrometry-based electronic nose: a proof-of-concept study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Virtanen ◽  
Anna Anttalainen ◽  
Jaakko Ormiskangas ◽  
Markus Karjalainen ◽  
Anton Kontunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Differential Mobility Spectrometry ◽  
Differential Mobility ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Differential Mobility Spectrometer ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Electronic Nose Technology

Abstract Over the last few decades, breath analysis using electronic nose technology has become a topic of intense research, as it is both non-invasive and painless, and is suitable for point-of-care use. To date, however, only a few studies have examined nasal air. As the air in the oral cavity and the lungs differs from the air in the nasal cavity, it is unknown whether aspirated nasal air could be exploited with electronic nose technology. Compared to traditional electronic noses, differential mobility spectrometry uses an alternating electrical field to discriminate the different molecules of gas mixtures, providing analogous information. This study reports the collection of nasal air by aspiration and the subsequent analysis of the collected air using a differential mobility spectrometer. We collected nasal air from ten volunteers into breath collecting bags and compared them to bags of room air and the air aspirated through the device. Distance and dissimilarity metrics between the sample types were calculated and statistical significance evaluated with Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. After leave-one-day-out cross-validation, a shrinkage linear discriminant classifier was able to correctly classify 100% of the samples. The nasal air differed (p < 0.05) from the other sample types. The results show the feasibility of collecting nasal air by aspiration and subsequent analysis using differential mobility spectrometry, and thus increases the potential of the method to be used in disease detection studies.

scholarly journals Environmental odour monitoring by Electronic Nose

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 664-668
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Plant Management ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
The University

<p>Odour emissions from industrial plants affect air quality and are consequently cause of a growing number of public complaints. The control of odour represents a key issue in plant management. The starting point for an effective odour control is their objective measurement. The electronic nose represents probably the odour monitoring technique with the greatest potential, but currently there is not a universally recognized procedure for their application in the continuous characterization of environmental odours. The paper aims to present a novel procedure for training electronic noses in order to maximize their capability of operating a qualitative classification and estimating the odour concentration of ambient air. This novel approach reduces the uncertainty and increases the reliability of the continuous odour measures. The Electronic Nose (E.Nose) seedOA realized by the Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED) of the University of Salerno was applied to a real case in a large wastewater treatment plant. The papers highlights the characterization of the odour concentrations from the different treatment units and the identification of the principal odour sources.</p>

Medical Applications of Electronic Nose Technology: Review of Current Status

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica R. Thaler ◽  
David W. Kennedy ◽  
C. William Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Technology Review ◽  
Electronic Nose Technology

Electronic noses, or artificial sensors of odorants, have been developed over the last ten years to perform a variety of identification tasks in various industries. This powerful technology is only beginning to be introduced in the field of medicine, but is promising in its potential to assist in diagnosis. This article reviews electronic nose technology and some initial investigations of potential applicability of the technology in the field of medicine.

scholarly journals The Use of Chemical Sensors to Monitor Odour Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Kulig ◽  
Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Odour Activity Value ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Odour Emissions

Municipal waste treatment plants are an important element of the urban area infrastructure, but also, they are a potential source of odour nuisance. Odour impact from municipal waste processing plants raises social concerns regarding the well-being of employees operating the plants and residents of nearby areas. Chemical methods involve the determination of the quantitative composition of compounds comprising odour. These methods are less costly than olfactometry, and their efficiency is not dependent on human response. The relationship between the concentration of a single odorant and its odour threshold (OT) is determined by the odour activity value (OAV) parameter. The research involved the application of a multi-gas detector, MultiRae Pro. Measurements by means of the device were conducted at three municipal waste biogas plants located in Poland. In this paper we describe the results obtained when using a detector during the technological processes, the unitary procedures conducted at the plants, and the technological regime. The determination of these relationships could be useful in the development of odour nuisance minimization procedures at treatment plants and the adjustment to them. This is of paramount importance from the viewpoint of the safety and hygiene of the employees operating the installations and the comfort of residents in the areas surrounding biogas plants. Monitoring of expressed odorant emissions allows the course of technological processes and conducted unit operations to be controlled.

scholarly journals Summary and Overview of the Odour Regulations Worldwide

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Anna Bokowa ◽  
Carlos Diaz ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Michael McGinley ◽  
Jennifer Barclay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Odour Source ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Odour Dispersion ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Control Technologies ◽  
Survey Review ◽  
The Uk

When it comes to air pollution complaints, odours are often the most significant contributor. Sources of odour emissions range from natural to anthropogenic. Mitigation of odour can be challenging, multifaceted, site-specific, and is often confounded by its complexity—defined by existing (or non-existing) environmental laws, public ordinances, and socio-economic considerations. The objective of this paper is to review and summarise odour legislation in selected European countries (France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, the UK, Spain, the Netherlands, Italy, Belgium), North America (the USA and Canada), and South America (Chile and Colombia), as well as Oceania (Australia and New Zealand) and Asia (Japan, China). Many countries have incorporated odour controls into their legislation. However, odour-related assessment criteria tend to be highly variable between countries, individual states, provinces, and even counties and towns. Legislation ranges from (1) no specific mention in environmental legislation that regulates pollutants which are known to have an odour impact to (2) extensive details about odour source testing, odour dispersion modelling, ambient odour monitoring, (3) setback distances, (4) process operations, and (5) odour control technologies and procedures. Agricultural operations are one specific source of odour emissions in rural and suburban areas and a model example of such complexities. Management of agricultural odour emissions is important because of the dense consolidation of animal feeding operations and the advance of housing development into rural areas. Overall, there is a need for continued survey, review, development, and adjustment of odour legislation that considers sustainable development, environmental stewardship, and socio-economic realities, all of which are amenable to a just, site-specific, and sector-specific application.

scholarly journals Electronic nose based on nanoweights, expectation and reality

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (10) ◽  
pp. 1587-1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Anatolievna Kuchmenko
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Nose ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Integral Image ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Electronic Noses ◽  
Complicated Task

AbstractOne of the topical approaches in analysis – outside the framework of traditional ones – is the formation of an integral “image” of the object. There are several approaches to solving the issue of obtaining as much information about the sample by a certain portion of its properties or its composition as possible. The first approach is forming a visual image (diagram) of several different properties of the analyzed sample, for example, the content of certain metals, acids, volatile components and some other indicators of wine quality. The consolidated image of a sample enables us to distinguish samples identical or similar in the selected properties from crucially different ones, even in case of an acceptable change of each indicator. Or else, using the consolidated image one can evaluate the direction of an image shift of a certain sample compared to the set of standard samples. The analysis of the geometry of the sample image by diverse indicators affords ground for assumption of the reasons for this deviation, as well as identification of falsification, or even solution of a more complicated task: detecting the area of growth of raw materials. The second approach is close to the first one in terms of methodology, but it digitizes properties using detectors and presents this as an image (“visual print” of response) of signals of these detectors on some components of the sample (presence, content). The feature of this approach is the use of a detector system that is non-selective and cross-sensitive to certain sample components. These sample images are produced using a system of “electronic nose”. “Visual prints” of array signals of different character sensors contain qualitative and quantitative information about the part of the analyzed sample which is sorbed by sensors. Despite the uncertainty of this information, “electronic noses” of piezoelectric type are widely used in the analysis of samples with complex varying composition.

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