scholarly journals The Use of Chemical Sensors to Monitor Odour Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3916
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Kulig ◽  
Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Odour Activity Value ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Odour Emissions

Municipal waste treatment plants are an important element of the urban area infrastructure, but also, they are a potential source of odour nuisance. Odour impact from municipal waste processing plants raises social concerns regarding the well-being of employees operating the plants and residents of nearby areas. Chemical methods involve the determination of the quantitative composition of compounds comprising odour. These methods are less costly than olfactometry, and their efficiency is not dependent on human response. The relationship between the concentration of a single odorant and its odour threshold (OT) is determined by the odour activity value (OAV) parameter. The research involved the application of a multi-gas detector, MultiRae Pro. Measurements by means of the device were conducted at three municipal waste biogas plants located in Poland. In this paper we describe the results obtained when using a detector during the technological processes, the unitary procedures conducted at the plants, and the technological regime. The determination of these relationships could be useful in the development of odour nuisance minimization procedures at treatment plants and the adjustment to them. This is of paramount importance from the viewpoint of the safety and hygiene of the employees operating the installations and the comfort of residents in the areas surrounding biogas plants. Monitoring of expressed odorant emissions allows the course of technological processes and conducted unit operations to be controlled.

scholarly journals The Impact of Technological Processes on Odorant Emissions at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5457
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Kulig ◽  
Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Biological Part ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact

Municipal waste treatment is inherently associated with odour emissions. The compounds characteristic of the processes used for this purpose, and at the same time causing a negative olfactory sensation, are organic and inorganic sulphur and nitrogen compounds. The tests were carried out at the waste management plant, which in the biological part, uses the methane fermentation process and is also equipped with an installation for the collection, treatment, and energetic use of biogas. The tests include measurements of the four odorant concentrations and emissions, i.e., volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulphide (H2S), and methanethiol (CH3SH). Measurements were made using a MultiRae Pro portable gas detector sensor. The tests were carried out in ten series for twenty measurement points in each series. The results show a significant impact of technological processes on odorant emissions. The types of waste going to the plant are also important in shaping this emission. On the one hand, it relates to the waste collection system and, on the other hand, the season of year. In addition, it has been proved that the detector used during the research is a valuable tool enabling the control of technological processes in municipal waste processing plants.

scholarly journals Using the MultiRAEPro Gas Detector to Monitor Odour Emissions from Biogas Plants Processing Municipal Waste

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Gas Detector ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Waste Treatment Plant ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
Biological Waste Treatment

The aim of this study was to analyse the work of the MultiRAEPro gas detector in terms of its application in monitoring odour emissions from biogas plants processing municipal waste constituting part of a mechanical–biological waste treatment plant. The obtained results provided the basis for formulating conclusions concerning the use of a gas detector in monitoring odour emissions from biogas plants processing municipal waste. The study results can be applied in practice in biogas plants processing municipal waste as well as in other municipal facilities.

scholarly journals The Importance of the Microclimatic Conditions Inside and Outside of Plant Buildings in Odorants Emission at Municipal Waste Biogas Installations

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6463
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Kulig ◽  
Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Technological Line ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Pumping Stations ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Microclimatic Conditions

Municipal waste biogas plants are an important element of waste treatment and energy policy. In this study, odorant concentrations and emissions were measured together with the air temperature (T) and relative humidity (RH) to confirm the hypothesis that the microclimatic conditions have an important impact on the level of odorant emission at municipal waste biogas plants. A simple correlation analysis was made to evaluate the strength and the direction of the relationship between the odorant concentration and emission and air temperature and relative humidity. The mean volatile organic compound (VOC) and NH3 concentrations vary depending on the stage of the technological line of the analysed municipal waste biogas plants and are in the following ranges, respectively: 0–38.64 ppm and 0–100 ppm. The odorant concentrations and emissions correlated statistically significantly with T primarily influences VOC concentrations and emissions while RH mainly affects NH3 concentrations and emissions. The strongest correlations were noted for the fermentation preparation section and for emissions from roof ventilators depending on the analysed plant. The smallest influence of microclimatic factors was observed at the beginning of the technological line—in the waste storage section and mechanical treatment hall. This is due to the greater impact of the type and quality of waste delivered the plants. The analysis of correlation between individual odorants showed significant relationships between VOCs and NH3 for most stages of the technological line of both biogas plants. In the case of technological sewage pumping stations, a significant relationship was also observed between VOCs and H2S. The obtained results may be helpful in preparing strategies to reduce the odours from waste treatment plants.

scholarly journals Odour Emissions of Municipal Waste Biogas Plants—Impact of Technological Factors, Air Temperature and Humidity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Kulig ◽  
Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Organic Fertiliser ◽  
Individual Measurement ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Odour Emissions ◽  
The Impact

Biogas plants processing municipal waste are an important part of a circular economy (energy generation from biogas and organic fertiliser production for the treatment of selectively collected biowaste). However, the technological processes taking place may be associated with odour nuisance. The paper presents the results of pilot research conducted at six municipal waste biogas plants in Poland. It shows the relations between odour intensity and concentration and the occurring meteorological and ambient conditions (air temperature and relative humidity) and technological factors at biogas plants processing municipal waste. The impact of meteorological and ambient conditions was identified by measuring air temperature and relative humidity and observing their changes. The impact of technological factors was identified by measuring odorant concentration (volatile organic compounds and ammonia) and observing their changes between individual measurement series. At most analysed biogas plants, the influence of technological factors on odour emissions took place and was clearly noted. The elements of biogas installations characterised by the highest concentration of these odorants were indicated. Special attention should be paid to the choice of technological solutions and technical and organisational measures to reduce the impact of unfavourable atmospheric conditions on odour emissions.

Weiterentwicklung des Geruchsmessverfahrens für Bauprodukte/Further development of the odour measurement method for building products

Gefahrstoffe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (03-04) ◽  
pp. 151-155
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Plehn ◽  
Birgit Müller ◽  
Wolfgang Horn ◽  
Frank Brozowski ◽  
Simone Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Building Products ◽  
Perceived Intensity ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Odour Emissions

Bauprodukte und Einrichtungsgegenstände für Innenräume, wie Bodenbeläge und Wand- paneele, sollen das Wohlbefinden und die Gesundheit der Raumnutzenden nicht durch das Ausdünsten von Geruchsstoffen stören. Mit der Geruchsprüfung nach ISO 16000-28 „Innenraumluft – Bestimmung der Geruchsstoffemissionen aus Bauprodukten mit einer Emissionsprüfkammer“ wird der Produktgeruch zu einer messbaren Größe. So können Versuchspersonen die empfundene Intensität, also die Stärke eines Geruchseindruckes, mit Hilfe eines Vergleichsmaßstabes ermitteln. In diesem Beitrag werden Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung der Methode vorgestellt, um im Ergebnis die Reproduzierbarkeit der Messergebnisse weiter zu verbessern. Dabei werden vor allem das Probenpräsentationssystem und die Bewertungsmethodik für die empfundene Intensität bei der Bewertung von Bauprodukten gemäß Schema des Ausschusses zur gesundheitlichen Bewertung von Bauprodukten (AgBB)   betrachtet, da diese einen wesentlichen Einfluss haben.   Abstract Emissions or odours occurring from building products and furnishings for interiors, like floor coverings or wall panels, should not have a negative impact on well-being or health. Odours can be measured applying the standard ISO 16000-28 „Indoor air – Determination of odour emissions from building products using test chambers”. It describes among other procedures the assessment of perceived intensity with comparative scale by a group of panellists. In the study presented here proposals for further technical development of the methodology are discussed to increase the reproducibility of measurement results. The sampling procedure and evaluation method of perceived intensity are investigated in particular because they have a major influence at the assessment of construction products applying the procedure of the Committee for Health Evaluation of Building Products.

scholarly journals Odour Nuisance at Municipal Waste Biogas Plants and the Effect of Feedstock Modification on the Circular Economy—A Review

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6470
Author(s):  
Marta Wiśniewska ◽  
Andrzej Kulig ◽  
Krystyna Lelicińska-Serafin
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Impact

The increase in the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated, among other places, in households is a result of the growing population, economic development, as well as the urbanisation of areas with accompanying insufficiently effective measures to minimise waste generation. There are many methods for treating municipal waste, with the common goal of minimising environmental degradation and maximising resource recovery. Biodegradable waste, including selectively collected biowaste (BW), also plays an essential role in the concept of the circular economy (CE), which maximises the proportion of waste that can be returned to the system through organic recycling and energy recovery. Methane fermentation is a waste treatment process that is an excellent fit for the CE, both technically, economically, and environmentally. This study aims to analyse and evaluate the problem of odour nuisance in municipal waste biogas plants (MWBPs) and the impact of the feedstock (organic fraction of MSW-OFMSW and BW) on this nuisance in the context of CE assumptions. A literature review on the subject was carried out, including the results of our own studies, showing the odour nuisance and emissions from MWBPs processing both mixed MSW and selectively collected BW. The odour nuisance of MWBPs varies greatly. Odour problems should be considered regarding particular stages of the technological line. They are especially seen at the stages of waste storage, fermentation preparation, and digestate dewatering. At examined Polish MWBPs cod ranged from 4 to 78 ou/m3 for fermentation preparation and from 8 to 448 ou/m3 for digestate dewatering. The conclusions drawn from the literature review indicate both the difficulties and benefits that can be expected with the change in the operation of MWBPs because of the implementation of CE principles.

THE FACTORS OF CAREER SELF-DETERMINATION OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-20
Author(s):  
Inna Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Right

Choice of profession is a social phenomenon that every person has to face in life. Numerous studies convince us that not only the well-being of a person depends on the chosen work, but also his attitude to himself and life in general, therefore, the right and timely professional choice is very important. Research about factors of career self-determination of students of higher education institutions in Ukraine shows that self-determination is an important factor in the socialization of young person, and the factors that determine students' career choices become an actual problem of nowadays. The present study involved full-time and part-time students of Institute of Philology and Mass Communications of Open International University of Human Development "Ukraine" in order to examine the factors of career self-determination of students of higher education institutions (N=189). Diagnostic factors of career self-determination of students studying in the third and fourth year were carried out using the author's questionnaire. Processing of obtained data was carried out using the Excel 2010 program; factorial and comparative analysis were applied. Results of the study showed that initial stage of career self-determination falls down on the third and fourth studying year at the university, when an image of future career and career orientations begin to form. At the same time, the content of career self-determination in this period is contradictory and uncertain, therefore, the implementation of pedagogical support of this process among students is effective.

The Relationship Between Client-Centered Goal-Setting and Treatment Outcomes

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Womack
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Client Relationships ◽  
Centered Care ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
Treatment Priorities

Shifting definitions of health and well-being, prompted by the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning (2001), have stimulated changes in traditional clinician-client relationships in rehabilitation. Among these changes, in keeping with the concept of client-centered care, is a trend toward more collaborative goal-setting and joint determination of intervention plans. Evidence suggests that supporting clients' autonomy in prioritizing personally meaningful goals leads to increased engagement in intervention, less emotional anxiety about the rehabilitation process, and improved treatment outcomes. Supporting people with aphasia in a process of collaborative goal formulation may also serve to alter treatment priorities so that they address more relevant communication challenges embedded in post-rehabilitation life.

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