When the smoke disappears: dealing with extinguishing chemicals in firefighting wastewater

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1720-1727 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. P. Courtens ◽  
F. Meerburg ◽  
V. Mausen ◽  
S. E. Vlaeminck
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
Fire Extinction ◽  
Adequate Nutrient

Water is not enough. Nowadays, numerous chemicals are used for fire extinction. After use, however, these may unintentionally enter sewerage systems. In order to safely treat firefighting wastewater (FFWW), knowledge of the potential effects of these chemicals on biological treatment processes is essential. This study characterized and mimicked the composition of FFWW containing two powders, three foams and one foam degrader. Nitrogen (162–370 mg NH4+-N L−1) and phosphorus (173–320 mg PO43−-P L−1) concentrations exceeded discharge limits, whereas chemical and biological oxygen demand, suspended solids and detergent concentrations remained sufficiently low. Adequate nutrient removal could be obtained through FeCl3 addition and nitrification/denitrification with acetate as substrate. In batch tests, residual nitrifying activities of 84, 81, 89, 95 and 93% were observed in the presence of powders, foams, foam degrader, synthetic and real FFWW, respectively. All categories showed higher denitrification rates than the control. Although the powders at first seemed to inhibit anammox activity at 82%, after pH correction anammox was fully feasible, allowing nitrogen removal through oxygen-limited nitrification/denitrification (OLAND). Detailed cost calculations indicated that OLAND could save 11% of capital and 68% of operational costs compared to nitrification/denitrification, identifying OLAND as the most recommendable process for nitrogen removal from firefighting wastewaters.

The Characteristics of Community Wastewater Biological Treatment Processes in Taiwan

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 289-296
Author(s):  
C. F. Ouyang ◽  
T. J. Wan
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Oxidation Ditch ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Rotating Biological Contactor ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Treatment Characteristics ◽  
Sludge Thickening

This study investigated and compared the treatment characteristics of three different kinds of biological wastewater treatment plants (including rotating biological contactor, trickling filter and oxidation ditch) which are currently operated in Taiwan. The field investigation of this study concentrated on the following items: the performance of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids (SS) removal; the sludge yield rate of BOD removal; the settleability of sludge solids; the properties of sludge thickening; the power consumption and land area requirement per unit volume of wastewater. Finally, based on the results of the field investigation, a comparison of the treatment characteristics of the three different biological treatment processes was evaluated.

scholarly journals Short investigation on occurrence and removal of semivolatiles during wastewater treatment processes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-140
Author(s):  
Maria Diana Puiu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Dissolved Air Flotation ◽  
Treatment Processes

The food industry wastewater is known to present a high organic matter content, due to specific raw materials and processing activities. Even if these compounds are not directly toxic to the environment, high concentrations in effluents could represent a source of pollution as discharges of high biological oxygen demand may impact receiving river's ecosystems. Identifying the main organic contaminants in wastewater samples represents the first step in establishing the optimum treatment method. The sample analysis for the non-target compounds through the GC-MS technique highlights, along with other analytical parameters, the efficiency of the main physical and biological treatment steps of the middle-size Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Long-chain fatty acids and their esters were the main abundant classes of non-target identified compounds. The highest intensity detection signal was reached by n-hexadecanoic acid or palmitic acid, a component of palm oil, after the physical treatment processes with dissolved air flotation, and by 1-octadecanol after biological treatment.

scholarly journals Removal of Oxygen Demand and Acute Toxicity during Batch Biological Treatment of a Petroleum Refinery Effluent

2002 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brihas P. Sarathy ◽  
Preston M. Hoy ◽  
Sheldon J.B. Duff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Petroleum Refinery ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Refinery Effluent ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Microtox Toxicity ◽  
Petroleum Refinery Effluent ◽  
Two Stages

Abstract A survey of the process streams at an operating petroleum refinery showed that desalting water from the crude and splitter units had the highest concentrations of pollutants, and accounted for approximately one-third of the BOD and COD of the combined effluent. Combined effluent (234 ± 62 mg BOD/L, 510 ± 0 mg COD/L, and Microtox EC50 4.9 ± 0.4%) was treated using a laboratory-scale batch biological reactor. Ninety-three percent of BOD and 77% of COD were removed over the first 24 hours of biological treatment. Acute (Microtox) toxicity was reduced in two discrete stages; the first coinciding with BOD and COD removal and the second stage occurring after BOD and COD had been removed. A final EC50 value of 27.8% was achieved in batch tests. The two stages of toxicity removal correspond quantitatively to the toxicity removal observed during secondary and tertiary biological treatment at the petroleum refinery's full-scale wastewater treatment plant.

scholarly journals Innovative Biological Treatment Processes for Wastewater in Canada

2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine N. Mulligan ◽  
Bernard F. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Metal Removal ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Stage Of Development

Abstract Biological treatment of wastewater has been employed successfully for many types of industries. Aerobic processes have been used extensively. Production of large amounts of sludge is the main problem and methods such as biofilters and membrane bioreactors are being developed to combat this phenomenon. Anaerobic waste treatment has undergone significant developments and is now reliable with low retention times. The UASB, the original high rate anaerobic reactor, is now becoming less popular than the EGSB reactor. New developments such as the Annamox process are highly promising for nitrogen removal. For metal removal, processes such as biosorption and biosurfactants combined with ultrafiltration membranes are under development. Biosurfactants have also shown promise as dispersing agents for oil spills. If space is available, wetlands can be used to reduce biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), nutrients and heavy metals. These innovative processes are described in this paper in terms of applications, the stage of development, and future research needs particular to Canada.

scholarly journals Development and adoption of wastewater treatment system for peri-urban agriculture in Multan, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
pp. 1524-1537
Author(s):  
Rana Muhammad Asif Kanwar ◽  
Zahid Mahmood Khan ◽  
Hafiz Umar Farid
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Trickling Filter ◽  
Design Procedures ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Kjeldahl Nitrogen

Abstract The present research was conducted to assess the feasibility of biological treatment of a typical wastewater (WW) stream in Multan, Pakistan, using daily trends of WW characteristics and to design a wastewater treatment (WWT) system for that stream. The pH (5.8–6.2), temperature (24–30 °C), biological oxygen demand (BOD5: 128–265 mg/L), ultimate BOD (BODu: 227–438 mg/L), BOD/total Kjeldahl nitrogen (BOD5/TKN:5.9–11.2), BODu/BOD5 (1.6–2.0), carbonaceous BODu/nitrogenous BODu (CBODu/NBODu:1.6–2.8) of the WW was found to support the biological WWT. The inclusion of NBOD also indicated the need for nitrification-denitrification. The linear regression analysis of volatile suspended solids (VSS) with total suspended solids (TSS) indicated the high content of organic solids, which also made the WW suitable for biological treatment. The BOD/COD (chemical oxygen demand) <0.8 indicated the requirement for biomass acclimation. The major process units of the WWT system developed included a primary clarifier, cascade aeration, trickling filter, adsorption filter and chlorination contact tank. During the validation of design procedures, considerable removal of TSS (91%), TDS (46%), BOD5 (88%), COD (87%) was observed over the 15 week operational period of the secondary WWT system. The WWT system developed was appropriate as a sustainable WWT system that consumed less energy and had lower operational costs.

Evaluation of the performance of the Tyson Foods wastewater treatment plant for nitrogen removal

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
E. Ubay-Cokgor ◽  
C.W. Randall ◽  
D. Orhon
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Average Flow Rate ◽  
Before And After

In this paper, the performance of the Tyson Foods wastewater treatment plant with an average flow rate of 6500 m3/d was evaluated before and after upgrading of the treatment system for nitrogen removal. This study was also covered with an additional recommendation of BIOWINTM BNR program simulation after the modification period to achieve an additional nutrient removal. The results clearly show that the upgrading was very successful for improved nitrogen removal, with a 57% decrease on the total nitrogen discharge. There also were slight reductions in the discharged loads of biological oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonium and total phosphorus with denitrification, even though the effluent flow was higher during operation of the nitrogen removal configuration.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Sewage Wastewater Using Autochthonous Bacteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purnima Dhall ◽  
Rita Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Bacillus Pumilus ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Autochthonous Bacteria

The performance of isolated designed consortia comprisingBacillus pumilus, Brevibacterium sp, and Pseudomonas aeruginosafor the treatment of sewage wastewater in terms of reduction in COD (chemical oxygen demand), BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids), and TSS (total suspended solids) was studied. Different parameters were optimized (inoculum size, agitation, and temperature) to achieve effective results in less period of time. The results obtained indicated that consortium in the ratio of 1 : 2 (effluent : biomass) at 200 rpm, 35°C is capable of effectively reducing the pollutional load of the sewage wastewaters, in terms of COD, BOD, TSS, and MLSS within the desired discharge limits, that is, 32 mg/L, 8 mg/L, 162 mg/L, and 190 mg/L. The use of such specific consortia can overcome the inefficiencies of the conventional biological treatment facilities currently operational in sewage treatment plants.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM SWINE AND POULTRY SLAUGHTERHOUSES

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
MIRELA SUCEVEANU ◽  
IULIAN SUCEVEANU ◽  
LUMINIŢA GROSU ◽  
IRINA-CLAUDIA ALEXA
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Active Sludge ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Water And Wastewater

The meat processing industry produces large volumes of slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW). For this reason, water and wastewater treatment has become crucial for the continuing development of the society. The present study reveals the water pollution degree from poultry and the swine slaughterhouses from Bacau (Romania). The possibility of reducing the quantity of pollutants by the active sludge treatment method is also presented. The efficiency of this treatment processes was evaluated through the following parameters: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, both before and after the active sludge treatment.

Fundamentals of the Biological Processes for Nitrogen Removal

2017 ◽  
pp. 112-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Cervantes ◽  
Flor Cuervo-López ◽  
Jorge Gómez Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Treatment Processes

In this chapter the fundamental aspects involved in biological treatment processes applied for the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters are described. A comprehensive review of the literature is provided including kinetic, microbiological and biochemical aspects of nitrification, denitrification and anammox, as well as key operational parameters affecting the processes. This information is relevant for designing wastewater treatment processes applied for the removal of nitrogen from wastewaters. The information is also essential for predicting and controlling the performance of these treatment processes.

Biological Treatment of Poultry Slaughterhouse Wastewater by Using Different Fibers

2015 ◽  
Vol 802 ◽  
pp. 401-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Nasuha Ahmad Puat ◽  
Hamidi Abdul Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Slaughterhouse Wastewater ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Overall Performance

This study evaluated the performance of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with and without the fibers of poultry slaughterhouse wastewater (PSWW). The fibers act as attachment materials to the suspended solids, which are considered as pollutant in PSWW. PSWW contains high-pollutant concentrations. Experiments were conducted using two 60 L laboratory SBR reactors at room temperature (25 °C) and pH 7±0.5. The removal percentage of SBR with and without the fibers was compared in terms of chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand. The removal percentage of SBR with fibers showed higher overall performance, which was approximately 90%. Meanwhile, the removal of SBR without fibers achieved an average percentage of about 70%, which was slightly lower compared with SBR reactor with fibers.

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