scholarly journals Facile preparation of a novel catalytic particle electrode from sewage sludge and its electrocatalytic performance in three-dimensional heterogeneous electro-Fenton

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2350-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Hou ◽  
Renjian Deng ◽  
Bozhi Ren ◽  
Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fe3o4 Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Particle ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A novel type of catalytic particle electrode (SAC-Fe) was developed from sewage sludge and iron sludge via a facile method. The catalytic particle electrodes (CPEs) were also supposed to be heterogeneous catalyst for electro-Fenton (EF). The CPEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SAC-Fe showed superior porous structure and higher adsorption capacity and catalytic activity than Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Catechol and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency can reach 96.7% and 88.3% after three-dimensional (3D) EF with SAC-Fe as CPEs. A possible mechanism was deduced based on adsorption tests and radicals detection. Meanwhile, the stability and reusability of the CPEs were evaluated.

Inclusion Complexes between Starch and Vanillin

2019 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Rachmawati Rachmawati ◽  
Ida Ayu Dwitasari
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Physical Mixture ◽  
Host Molecule ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Single Helix ◽  
Scanning Electron

Vanillin is an additive widely used in foods and beverages. This research focused on formation of inclusion complexes to improve the stability of vanillin. The amylose in starch can act as a host molecule by forming a single helix known as V-amylose which has a hydrophobic channel. In this research, the starch was suspended in water (2.8% (w/v)) and was sonicated for 30 minutes. The mixture was subsequently heated at 180 °C to dissolve starch. Vanillin dissolved in ethanol was then mixed with the starch solution at around 85 °C. The concentration of vanillin was varied at 10%, 30% and 50% (w/w, based on the weight of starch). The resulting inclusion complexes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR characterizations were conducted on starch, vanillin, physical mixture of starch-vanillin, and the inclusion complexes. The results showed there were differences on some vibration peaks between the physical mixture of starch-vanillin and the inclusion complex. The XRD results depicted different patterns of the diffraction peaks for the inclusion complexes compared to native starch and vanillin which showed that the starch-vanillin complexes were successfully formed.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Preparation and Stability of Nanofluids for Heat Transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Sabih Majeed ◽  
Basma A. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Anwar Khudhur Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently the use of nanofluids represents very important materials. They are used in different branches like medicine, engineering, power, heat transfer, etc. The stability of nanofluids is an important factor to improve the performance of nanofluids with good results. In this research two types of nanoparticles, TiO2 (titanium oxide) and γ-Al2O3 (gamma aluminum oxide) were used with base fluid water. Two-step method were used to prepare the nanofluids. One concentration 0.003 vol. %, the nanoparticles were examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to accomplish these tests. The stability of the two types of nanofluids is measured by zeta potential and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that γ-Al2O3/water has more stable than TiO2/ water for the same period of time.  

scholarly journals Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye in the Presence of Visible Light Using SiO2@α-Fe2O3 Nanocomposites Deposited on SnS2 Flowers

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sridharan Balu ◽  
Kasimayan Uma ◽  
Guan-Ting Pan ◽  
Thomas C.-K. Yang ◽  
Sayee Kannan Ramaraj
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Semiconductor Materials ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Methylene Blue Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Scanning Electron

Semiconductor materials have been shown to have better photocatalytic behavior and can be utilized for the photodegradation of organic pollutants. In this work, three-dimensional flower-like SnS2 were synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. Core-shell structured SiO2@α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites were then deposited on the top of the SnS2 flowers. The as-synthesized nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). The photocatalytic behavior of the SnS2-SiO2@α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites was observed by observing the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The results show an effective enhancement of photocatalytic activity for the degradation of MB especially for the 15 wt. % SiO2@α-Fe2O3 nanocomposites on SnS2 flowers.

scholarly journals Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal properties of poly[aqua(μ5-2,5-dicarboxybenzene-1,4-dicarboxylato)strontium]

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359
Author(s):  
Samia Mokhtari ◽  
Chahrazed Trifa ◽  
Sofiane Bouacida ◽  
Chaouki Boudaren ◽  
Mohammed S.M. Abdelbaky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Tetracarboxylic Acid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carboxylate Groups ◽  
Scanning Electron

A coordination polymer formulated as [Sr(H2BTEC)(H2O)] n (H4BTEC = benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylic acid, C10H6O8), was synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis. Its crystal structure is made up of a zigzag inorganic chain formed by edge-sharing of [SrO8] polyhedra running along [001]. Adjacent chains are connected to each other via the carboxylate groups of the ligand, resulting in a double-layered network extending parallel to (100). O—H...O hydrogen bonds of medium-to-weak strength between the layers consolidate the three-dimensional structure. One of the carboxylic OH functions was found to be disordered over two sets of sites with half-occupancy.

Undistorted linear Bi chains with hypervalent bonding in La3TiBi5 from single-crystal X-ray diffraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ovchinnikov ◽  
Svilen Bobev
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Structure ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atomic Displacement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orbital Mixing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Structure Calculations

The crystal structure of the lanthanum titanium bismuthide La3TiBi5 (Pearson code hP18, Wyckoff sequence b d g2) has been established from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data and analyzed in detail using first-principles calculations. There are no anomalies pertaining to the atomic displacement parameter of the Ti site, previously reported based on a powder X-ray diffraction analysis of this compound. The anionic substructure contains columns of face-sharing TiBi6 octahedra and linear Bi chains. Due to a significant La(5d) and Bi(6p) orbital mixing, a perfectly one-dimensional character of the Bi chains is not realised, while a three-dimensional electronic structure is established instead. The latter fact explains the stability of the polyanionic pnictide units against Peierls distortions. The hypervalent bonding in the Bi chains is reflected in a rather long Bi—Bi distance of 3.2264 (4) Å and a typical pattern of bonding and antibonding interactions, as revealed by electronic structure calculations.

scholarly journals Application of sewage sludge for the production of construction

2019 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 05025
Author(s):  
Aneta Czechowska-Kosacka
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sewage Sludges ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Scanning Electron

The paper presents the studies pertaining to sewage sludges and their mixtures with fly ash to be used as an additive for the manufacturing of construction materials. The studies were carried out using X-ray diffraction. The form and morphology of samples as well as the chemical composition in the micro-area were determined using a scanning electron microscope. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using sewage sludges for construction purposes. In the produced mixtures, an increase in the content of anhydrite and rock-forming calcite was noted in relation to the sludge. Production of the construction materials should be preceded with additional strength tests of the obtained product in order to determined the percentage of waste material addition.

Hydrothermal Synthesis of α-MnO2 Nanostructures at Low Temperature and their Electrochemistry Properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 556-562 ◽  
pp. 166-168
Author(s):  
Si Liang Li ◽  
Ya Jie Guo ◽  
Jing Juan Pu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cyclic Voltammograms ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Route ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Capacitive Behavior ◽  
Facile Hydrothermal Route ◽  
Scanning Electron

A novel three-dimensional MnO2 have been successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal route without any catalysts below 90oC. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the obtained α-MnO2 nanorods showed excellent capacitive behavior, cyclic voltammograms stability and favorable electronic conductivity.

Ta-Si-N and Si3N4 Encapsulants for InP

1992 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Reid ◽  
R. P. Ruiz ◽  
E. Kolawa ◽  
J. S. Chen ◽  
J. Madok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Metallic Conductor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Inp Substrates ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThin films of sputtered, amorphous Ta36Si14N50 (a metallic conductor) and Si3N4 (an insulator) were evaluated as encapsulants for (100)-oriented InP substrates. Thicknesses of both films were approximately 100 nm. During a 15 min annealing in Ar, liberated phosphorus was gettered by a <Si>ISiO2ITa(100 nm) collector placed face-to-face on encapsulated or non-encapsulated InP. The stability of the InP with the encapsulant was characterized by backscattering spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. As measured by 4He++ backscattering spectrometry, detectable amounts of phosphorus do not arise in the Ta collectors for the Ta-Si-N and Si3N4 encapsulation schemes until 650 and 700°C, respectively. Failure of the Ta36Si14N50 film is catastrophic at 700°C whereas the Si3N4 film degrades locally commencing at 600°C.

ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF INTERESTING 3D γ-MnOOH NETWORKS

NANO ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 09 (07) ◽  
pp. 1450084 ◽  
Author(s):  
HAIQIU LIU ◽  
YUJIAN JIN ◽  
NA LI ◽  
LILI WANG ◽  
SUNQI LOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Oriented Attachment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
3D Networks ◽  
Scanning Electron

Three-dimensional (3D) γ- MnOOH networks are successfully prepared by one-pot solvothermal method without using any catalyst. The samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). It is found that the amounts of urea and H 2 O 2 added, reaction temperature and time have important influences on the samples. It is interesting that the 3D networks are formed from the oriented attachment (OA) of Mn 3 O 4 octahedrons; and that the phase transformation from Mn 3 O 4 to γ- MnOOH occurs via the protonation of Mn 3 O 4. This study is expected to offer a facile approach to the syntheses of new, intricate nanostructures.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of cadmium chlorapatite Cd5(PO4)3Cl

Mineralogia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wołowiec ◽  
Magdalena Tuchowska ◽  
Paulina Kudła ◽  
Tomasz Bajda
Keyword(s):  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Apatite Structure ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Free Energy Of Formation ◽  
Solubility Constant ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Energy Of Formation

AbstractOne of the most effective methods for the immobilization of toxic metals involves the use of minerals from the apatite supergroup. The formation of cadmium chlorapatite may lead to successful entrapping of cadmium; thus, it is important to examine the solubility constant to determine the stability of cadmium in the the apatite structure. Cadmium chlorapatite was synthetized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The solubility constant (log) Ksp of cadmium chlorapatite was -65.58. The Gibbs free energy of formation of cadmium chlorapatite reached -3950.48 kJ mol−1. The solubility constant turned out to be low but was enough for cadmium chlorapatiteto be considered a very stable compound..

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