Inclusion Complexes between Starch and Vanillin

2019 ◽  
Vol 811 ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Rachmawati Rachmawati ◽  
Ida Ayu Dwitasari
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Physical Mixture ◽  
Host Molecule ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Starch Solution ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Single Helix ◽  
Scanning Electron

Vanillin is an additive widely used in foods and beverages. This research focused on formation of inclusion complexes to improve the stability of vanillin. The amylose in starch can act as a host molecule by forming a single helix known as V-amylose which has a hydrophobic channel. In this research, the starch was suspended in water (2.8% (w/v)) and was sonicated for 30 minutes. The mixture was subsequently heated at 180 °C to dissolve starch. Vanillin dissolved in ethanol was then mixed with the starch solution at around 85 °C. The concentration of vanillin was varied at 10%, 30% and 50% (w/w, based on the weight of starch). The resulting inclusion complexes were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). FTIR characterizations were conducted on starch, vanillin, physical mixture of starch-vanillin, and the inclusion complexes. The results showed there were differences on some vibration peaks between the physical mixture of starch-vanillin and the inclusion complex. The XRD results depicted different patterns of the diffraction peaks for the inclusion complexes compared to native starch and vanillin which showed that the starch-vanillin complexes were successfully formed.

scholarly journals Supplementary X-ray studies of the Ni-Sn-Bi system

2007 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P. Vassilev ◽  
K.I. Lilova ◽  
J.C. Gachon
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Phase Equilibria ◽  
Ternary Compound ◽  
Approximate Formula ◽  
Ternary Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Scanning Electron

Phase equilibria were studied in the system Ni-Sn-Bi. Special attention has been paid to the identification of the recently found ternary phase. For this purpose samples were synthesized using intimately mixed powders. After annealing and quenching, all alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and by X-ray diffraction. The results give evidences about the existence of a ternary compound with approximate formula Ni6Sn2Bi to Ni7Sn2Bi. Overlapping of some neighboring diffraction peaks of this phase with NiBi and Ni3Sn_LT is the reason for the difficulties related to the X-ray diffraction identification of the ternary phase.

The Effects of Ternary Elemental Additions on the Structure and Magnetic Properties of Nanocrystalline Feco Powders

2002 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Baker ◽  
R. G. Quiller ◽  
M. Robson ◽  
D. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Vibrating Sample Magnetometer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Steel Balls ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTPowders of near-equiatomic Fe and Co were mechanically milled with additions of Zr, C, Ni, Cu and/or B for 60 hr using stainless steel balls in a Svegari attritor operated at 1300 r.p.m. under argon. The milled powders were examined before and after annealing at 600 °C. The morphologies and sizes of the powders were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The grain sizes were characterized from the widths of X-ray diffraction peaks obtained using a computer-controlled x-ray diffractometer and the lattice parameters were determined. The resulting magnetic properties were measured using a vibrating sample magnetometer.

scholarly journals Application of coconut battery waste to graphic as an alternative electrode on primary battery cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 668-673
Author(s):  
Rikson Siburian ◽  
Saur L Raja ◽  
Minto Supeno ◽  
Crystina Simanjuntak
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Thin Plates ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Primary Battery ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Coconut Shells ◽  
Scanning Electron

Coconut shell is one of the potential biomass as carbon sources. Coconut shell is converted to charcoal through the carbonization process. The potential of charcoal from coconut shells can be synthesized into graphene. Graphene is a derivative of one of the carbon allotropes, namely graphite, where carbon is in the form of thin plates with sp2 orbitals arranged hexagonally. The process of making graphene which is coconut shell dried in the sun then pyrolysis into charcoal then mixed with activated carbon as a reducing agent at 600 ° C for 1 hour to produce graphene. The graphene produced is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). The results by XRD analysis showed the resulting peaks were not sharp and slightly widened at the diffraction peaks at 24 ° and 44 °. The results of SEM-EDX analysis at 4000x magnification show the surface size and shape of the structure that is smaller, thinner and reduced buildup on the graphene structure. graphene that has been successfully synthesized was tested on a coin battery. The coin battery cathode which was replaced with graphene succeeded in turning on the light.  

scholarly journals The Influence of the Preparation and Stability of Nanofluids for Heat Transfer

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Sabih Majeed ◽  
Basma A. Abdulmajeed ◽  
Anwar Khudhur Yaseen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

Recently the use of nanofluids represents very important materials. They are used in different branches like medicine, engineering, power, heat transfer, etc. The stability of nanofluids is an important factor to improve the performance of nanofluids with good results. In this research two types of nanoparticles, TiO2 (titanium oxide) and γ-Al2O3 (gamma aluminum oxide) were used with base fluid water. Two-step method were used to prepare the nanofluids. One concentration 0.003 vol. %, the nanoparticles were examined. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to accomplish these tests. The stability of the two types of nanofluids is measured by zeta potential and UV-vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that γ-Al2O3/water has more stable than TiO2/ water for the same period of time.  

Experimental investigation of the effect of high-pH solutions on the Opalinus Shale and the Hammerschmiede Smectite

Clay Minerals ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Taubald ◽  
A. Bauer ◽  
T. Schäfer ◽  
H. Geckeis ◽  
M. Satir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
Precipitation Zone ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe alteration and transformation behaviour of the Tertiary Hammerschmiede Smectite and the Jurassic Opalinus Shale in an alkaline solution was studied in column experiments. The Hammerschmiede Smectite is proposed as potential backfill material and the Opalinus Shale as host rock for the Swiss low-level nuclear waste storage site. Over a period of 18 months, the evolution of permeability, pH and solution concentrations were measured. After the experiment, the columns were cut into pieces to study the mineralogical and the chemical evolution of the clays. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed no significant appearance or disappearance of diffraction peaks at the end of the experiments. The scanning electron micrographs of the clays revealed that both clays exhibited a precipitation zone, which extends from 0 to 2 cm below the infiltration surface. Both clays showed significant differences in the evolution of pH and hydraulic conductivity. The solution front crossed the Opalinus Shale column entirely after only 11 weeks and the initial values for K+ and Na+ were conserved in the solution. For both clays, the salt concentrations in the percolating fluids mirror the evolution of pH.

X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy Studies of Molybdenum Trioxide Prepared by Thermal Oxidation of Electrodeposited Molybdenum Sulfide

1990 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel BÉLanger ◽  
Guylaine Laperriere ◽  
Michel Preda
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Molybdenum Trioxide ◽  
Molybdenum Sulfide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks ◽  
Platelet Structure ◽  
Polycrystalline Molybdenum ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractScanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction have been used to characterize the transformation of electrodeposited molybdenum trisulfide thin film and powder to molybdenum trioxide. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the formation of molybdenum trioxide is accompanied by an enhancement of the surface area of the film as the relatively smooth molybdenum trisulfide is converted to molybdenum trioxide displaying a platelet structure. X-Ray diffraction revealed that amorphous molybdenum sulfide is converted to polycrystalline molybdenum oxide upon heating in air above 400°C. The observed diffraction peaks obtained when molybdenum sulfide was heated at 400°C for 15 min. correspond fairly well with those of orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide. However, when the molybdenum sulfide powder was heated at 400°C for a period of only about 2 min., additional diffraction peaks were observed. The latter can be attributed to monoclinic molybdenum dioxide.

scholarly journals Facile preparation of a novel catalytic particle electrode from sewage sludge and its electrocatalytic performance in three-dimensional heterogeneous electro-Fenton

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2350-2356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolin Hou ◽  
Renjian Deng ◽  
Bozhi Ren ◽  
Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fe3o4 Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Catalytic Particle ◽  
Toc Removal ◽  
Facile Preparation ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract A novel type of catalytic particle electrode (SAC-Fe) was developed from sewage sludge and iron sludge via a facile method. The catalytic particle electrodes (CPEs) were also supposed to be heterogeneous catalyst for electro-Fenton (EF). The CPEs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). SAC-Fe showed superior porous structure and higher adsorption capacity and catalytic activity than Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Catechol and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency can reach 96.7% and 88.3% after three-dimensional (3D) EF with SAC-Fe as CPEs. A possible mechanism was deduced based on adsorption tests and radicals detection. Meanwhile, the stability and reusability of the CPEs were evaluated.

scholarly journals Difference in Macroscopic Morphologies of Amylosic Supramolecular Networks Depending on Guest Polymers in Vine-Twining Polymerization

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saya Orio ◽  
Takuya Shoji ◽  
Kazuya Yamamoto ◽  
Jun-ichi Kadokawa
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Host Molecule ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Grafted Polymers ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Polysaccharide ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopic ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Supramolecular Networks

Amylose, a natural polysaccharide, acts as a host molecule to form supramolecular inclusion complexes in its enzymatically formation process, that is, phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization using the α-d-glucose 1-phosphate monomer and the maltooligosaccharide primer, in the presence of appropriate guest polymers (vine-twining polymerization). Furthermore, in the vine-twining polymerization using maltooligosaccharide primer-grafted polymers, such as maltoheptaose (G7)-grafted poly(γ-glutamic acid) (PGA), in the presence of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), the enzymatically elongated amylose graft chains have formed inclusion complexes with PCL among the PGA main-chains to construct supramolecular networks. Either hydrogelation or aggregation as a macroscopic morphology from the products was observed in accordance with PCL/primer feed ratios. In this study, we evaluated macroscopic morphologies from such amylosic supramolecular networks with different guest polymers in the vine-twining polymerization using G7-grafted PGA in the presence of polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF), PCL, and poly(l-lactide) (PLLA). Consequently, we found that the reaction mixture using PTHF totally turned into a hydrogel form, whereas the products using PCL and PLLA were aggregated in the reaction mixtures. The produced networks were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopic measurements. The difference in the macroscopic morphologies was reasonably explained by stabilities of the complexes depending on the guest polymers.

Ta-Si-N and Si3N4 Encapsulants for InP

1992 ◽  
Vol 260 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Reid ◽  
R. P. Ruiz ◽  
E. Kolawa ◽  
J. S. Chen ◽  
J. Madok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Metallic Conductor ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Inp Substrates ◽  
Scanning Electron

ABSTRACTThin films of sputtered, amorphous Ta36Si14N50 (a metallic conductor) and Si3N4 (an insulator) were evaluated as encapsulants for (100)-oriented InP substrates. Thicknesses of both films were approximately 100 nm. During a 15 min annealing in Ar, liberated phosphorus was gettered by a <Si>ISiO2ITa(100 nm) collector placed face-to-face on encapsulated or non-encapsulated InP. The stability of the InP with the encapsulant was characterized by backscattering spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray diffraction. As measured by 4He++ backscattering spectrometry, detectable amounts of phosphorus do not arise in the Ta collectors for the Ta-Si-N and Si3N4 encapsulation schemes until 650 and 700°C, respectively. Failure of the Ta36Si14N50 film is catastrophic at 700°C whereas the Si3N4 film degrades locally commencing at 600°C.

Film Formation of Inclusion Complexes between Acetyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin and Chitosan

2012 ◽  
Vol 506 ◽  
pp. 409-412
Author(s):  
Wirach Taweepreda ◽  
Pikul Wanichapichart
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Film Formation ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Beta Cyclodextrin ◽  
The Stability

In this research, the films which were prepared from inclusion complexes (ICs) of acetyl-beta-cyclodextrin (Acetyl-β-CD) with chitosan were characterized and the membrane properties were investigated. Acetyl-β-CD either improved the solubility of chitosan or increased the salt rejection of the membrane. The crystalline ICs, were formed and found on the membrane surface. There were isolated and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The stability and conformation of the inclusion complexes in solvent and limited number of acetyl-β-CD threaded on chitosan molecules were studied and compared the results on a molecular level of the pseudopolyrotaxane.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document