Preparation of a novel Cu-Sn-Bi cathode and performance on nitrate electroreduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weichun Gao ◽  
Lulu Gao ◽  
Jing Meng ◽  
Dan Li ◽  
Yinyan Guan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
N Removal ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Cu-Sn-Bi layer coated on Ti substrate was prepared using electrodeposition method and applied as cathode material for electrochemical reduction of nitrate in this research. Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), chronoamperometry (CA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to scrutinize the electrochemical performance and the cathode materials. LSV results illustrated that Cu-Sn-Bi cathode possessed the ability for nitrate reduction. Preparation conditions including deposition time, current density, temperature and the content of Bi were optimized based on NO3–N removal and byproducts selectivity. Results showed that the cathode with Bi content of 3.18 at.%, and electrodepositing at current density of 6 mA cm−2, 35 °C for 30 min achieved the best performance during the experiment. The increase of Bi content could improve the electrocatalytic activity and stability of the cathode. Compared with other common researched cathodes (Cu and Fe), Cu-Sn-Bi (3.18 at.%) exhibited better performance, i.e. the highest NO3–N removal of 88.43% and the selectivity of harmless N2 was 77.80%. The kinetic studies showed that the reduction of nitrate on Cu-Sn-Bi followed pseudo-first-order kinetics.

Analysis of Electrodeposited NiFe Thin Films for the Development of Planar Fluxgate Magnetic Sensors

2007 ◽  
Vol 998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Cavalheri dos Santos ◽  
Marcelo Mulato
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Magnetic Sensors ◽  
Hysteresis Cycle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Final Thickness ◽  
Total Deposition ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Deposited Films

ABSTRACTNife alloys are potential candidates for the development of planar fluxgate magnetic microsensors. In this work, electrodeposition was used to produce NiFe thin films on top of copper substrates. When using this technique the variation of the electric potential, and thus the current density, alters the final stoichiometry of the deposited films, while the final thickness is determined by the total deposition time. We used current densities varying from 4.0 mA/cm2 to 28 mA/cm2, with steps of 4.0 mA/cm2. For each current density, total deposition times of 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes were used. The morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, structure was characterized using X-ray diffraction experiments, and the composition of the films were determined using energy dispersive spectroscopy. The magnetic properties were investigated evaluating the materials hysteresis cycle. The materials were optimized aiming for lowest coercivity values, and the final result was about 0.215 kA/m.

scholarly journals Alloy formation by Mg underpotential deposition on al from nitrate melts

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Cvetkovic ◽  
Luka Bjelica ◽  
Natasa Vukicevic ◽  
Jovan Jovicevic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Electrochemical Techniques ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Stripping Voltammetry ◽  
Underpotential Deposition ◽  
Magnesium Nitrate ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Alloy Formation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Magnesium was underpotentially deposited on aluminium electrodes from magnesium nitrate-ammonium nitrate melts at temperatures ranging from 390 K to 500 K. Electrochemical techniques used were linear sweep voltammetry and potential step. Electrodes were studied by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that reduction processes of nitrate, nitrite and water (when present), in the underpotential range studied, took part simultaneously with magnesium underpotential deposition. Consequently, magnesium UPD reduction and stripping voltammetry peaks were not pronounced and well defined. Nevertheless, EDS, EDX and XRD measurements showed evidence of Mg2Al3, MgAl2 and Al12Mg17 alloys formed by underpotential deposition of magnesium onto aluminium substrate.

Growth Kinetics and Microstructure of Siliconized Layer by Molten Salt Electrodeposition

2011 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 434-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Li Yang ◽  
Chang Wei Cui ◽  
Yun Gang Li ◽  
Guo Zhang Tang ◽  
Yu Zhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Molten Salt ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Silicon Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Profile Distribution ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Thickness Layer

The siliconized layers were formed on the surface of hot rolled grain oriented silicon steel using a molten salt pulse electrodeposition method. The process was performed in the temperature range 1023-1123 K and with varying deposition time (60-180 min). The profile distribution of Si in the siliconized layer was measured using the glow discharge spectrometry (GDS) and the depth from the surface to the substrate was taken as the layer thickness. The morphology and structure were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that a longer deposition time tended to produce a larger grain and a looser, rougher layer. The phase structure of the layer was composed of Fe3Si with (110) preferred orientation in the experimental range. The longer deposition time resulted in an increase in thickness layer and the thickness of the layers ranged from 17 to 165m. Kinetic studies showed that the siliconized layer grew with a parabolic rate law, indicating the diffusion controlled growth. The activation energy for growth of siliconized layer was about 242 kJ/mol.

Pumice soil: a potential wetland substrate for treatment of domestic wastewater

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.N. Njau ◽  
R.J.A. Minja ◽  
J.H.Y. Katima
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Soil Composition ◽  
Vetiveria Zizanioides ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Titanium Silicate ◽  
Phosphorus Adsorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Xrd Techniques

Laboratory and fieldwork studies were carried out to evaluate the potential of pumice soil for use as a wetland substrate in wastewater treatment. The composition of pumice soil was analysed by x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Adsorption kinetic studies were carried out in a semi-batch recycle system. Fieldwork tests were carried out on Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland (SSFCW) cells planted with Phragmites mauritianus and Vetiveria zizanioides. The results have shown that pumice soil composition contains among other elements Al, Ca, Fe and Mg, which are positive indicators for phosphorus adsorption. The main minerals observed by XRD were augite, hematite, and sodium titanium silicate. Phosphorus adsorption kinetics have shown that phosphorus is adsorbed on pumice soil following first order kinetics and the adsorption was highly influenced by mass transfer. Approximately 3% of the phosphorus was removed by plant uptake.

The 3-Dimensional Molecular Structure of the Actin Filament Revisited

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 480-481
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
R. Millonig ◽  
H. Salvo
Keyword(s):  
Actin Filament ◽  
Supramolecular Assembly ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Filament ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Filament Diameter ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Apparent Diameter

To date, most 3-D reconstructions of undecorated actin filaments have been obtained from actin filament paracrystal data (for refs, see 1,2). However, due to the fact that (a) the paracrystals may be several filament layers thick, and (b) adjacent filaments may sustantially interdigitate, these reconstructions may be subject to significant artifacts. None of these reconstructions has permitted unambiguous tracing or orientation of the actin subunits within the filament. Furthermore, measured values for the maximal filament diameter both determined by EM and by X-ray diffraction analysis, vary between 6 and 10 nm. Obviously, the apparent diameter of the actin filament revealed in the EM will critically depend on specimen preparation, since it is a rather flexible supramolecular assembly which can easily be bent or distorted. To resolve some of these ambiguities, we have explored specimen preparation conditions which may preserve single filaments sufficiently straight and helically ordered to be suitable for single filament 3-D reconstructions, possibly revealing molecular detail.

scholarly journals Kinetic studies and performance analysis of Indonesian rice husk pyrolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1143 (1) ◽  
pp. 012067
Author(s):  
L D Kasmiarno ◽  
S Steven ◽  
J Rizkiana ◽  
E Restiawaty ◽  
Y Bindar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
And Performance

scholarly journals Analytical study of Buddha sculptures in Jingyin temple of Taiyuan, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Bai ◽  
Chen Jia ◽  
Zhigen Chen ◽  
Yuxuan Gong ◽  
Huwei Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometry ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ancient China ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Unique Style ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractWith exquisite design and unique style, the painted sculptures of Tutang Buddha and two attendants Buddha in Jingyin Temple are precious cultural heritages of China. The sculpture of Tutang Buddha, which was carved from a mound and painted by ancient craftsmen, was rarely found in ancient China. However, due to natural and human factors, the sculptures were severely damaged. Obviously, they require urgent and appropriate protection and restoration. In this study, samples taken from the sculptures were analysed through multiple analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (OM) and granulometry. The analysis results enable us to infer the techniques used by the craftsmen in making the sculptures and provide a reliable evidence for the conservation and future protection of these and similar sculptures.

scholarly journals Novel Preparation of Noncovalent Modified GO Using RAFT Polymerization to Reinforce the Performance of Waterborne Epoxy Coatings

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baolei Liu ◽  
Mingqian Wang ◽  
Ying Liang ◽  
Zhicheng Zhang ◽  
Guohong Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Block Polymer ◽  
Reversible Addition ◽  
Waterborne Epoxy ◽  
And Performance

This work launches the first-ever report on the fabrication of waterborne epoxy-graphene oxide (GO) coatings (WEGC) using a block polymer as a dispersant of GO, wherein the block polymer was synthesized via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of acrylic acid and oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate A number of analytical techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and salt spray tests, were utilized to explore the morphology and performance of the WEGC. It was confirmed that POEGMA950-b-PAA attached to the GO nanosheets, increasing the integral space of the sheets. Modified GO (MGO) layers were well-dispersed in the epoxy matrix through the formation of a GO-dispersant-epoxy ternary molecular structure. Furthermore, the presence of MGO substantially influenced the thermal properties, mechanical properties, and anticorrosion performance of the WEGC. TGA, salt spray tests, and pull-off testsshowed that 0.5 wt.% MGO content achieved the greatest improvement in the evaluated properties.

scholarly journals Exploring the fundamental effects of deposition time on the microstructure of graphene nanoflakes by Raman scattering and X-ray diffraction

CrystEngComm ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navneet Soin ◽  
Susanta Sinha Roy ◽  
Christopher O'Kane ◽  
James A. D. McLaughlin ◽  
Teck H. Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Deposition Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphene Nanoflakes

Effect of Modified NanoSiO2 Agents on the Morphologies and Performances of UHMWPE Microporous Membrane via Thermally Induced Phase Separation

2016 ◽  
Vol 848 ◽  
pp. 726-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Jing Zhu ◽  
Zu Ming Hu ◽  
Jun Rong Yu
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Microporous Membranes ◽  
Thermally Induced Phase Separation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermally Induced ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight

The effects of Modified NanoSiO2 Agents on the morphology and performance of ultra-high-molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) microporous membranes via thermally induced phase separation were investigated in this work. The NanoSiO2 was surface modified by silane coupling agent KH570 (KH570-NanoSiO2). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) were performed to obtain crystallization of UHMWPE/white oil/ KH570-NanoSiO2 doped system. The morphology and performance of the prepared UHMWPE microporous membranes were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and microfiltration experiments. The results showed that the morphology of UHMWPE membrane could be disturbed by KH570-NanoSiO2. Porosity and the rejection of Bovine serum albumin (BSA) of the blend membrane increased with increasing concentration of Modified NanoSiO2, while the water flux slightly decreased.

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