Effect of influent pH on hydrolytic acidification performance and bacterial community structure in EGSB for pretreating crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater after ozonation

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of influent pH on the hydrolytic acidification (HA) performance and microbial community structure in an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) pretreating crotonaldehyde manufacture wastewater (CMW) after ozonation. The results showed that higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate (40.1%) and acidification degree (27.6%) were obtained at pH 8.0 than those at pH 6.0 and pH 4.0. The concentration of extractable extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the sludge gradually decreased with the pH decreasing from 8.0 to 4.0. A similar change was also observed for the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in the effluent. The optimal detoxification efficiency by the HA process was obtained at pH 8.0, with higher removal efficiency (all higher than 90%) of the main toxic pollutants (crotonaldehyde, 5-formyl-6-methyl-4,5-dihydropyran, etc.) and higher anaerobic biodegradation rate (44.5%) in biochemical methane potential (BMP) assay. Among the predominant genera, the Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were possibly related to biodegradation of pollutants, since their higher relative abundance also coincided with the better performance of the HA process at pH 8.0.

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Treatment of Cheese Whey Wastewater Using an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) Bioreactor with Biomethane Production

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr8080931 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 931

Author(s):

Abumalé Cruz-Salomón ◽

Edna Ríos-Valdovinos ◽

Francisco Pola-Albores ◽

Selene Lagunas-Rivera ◽

Rosa Isela Cruz-Rodríguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cheese Whey ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Organic Load ◽

Biochemical Methane Potential ◽

Stable Conditions ◽

Methane Potential ◽

Biomethane Production ◽

Cod Removal Rate

Cheese whey wastewater (CWW) is the major by-product of the dairy industry. CWW is produced in large quantities, has varied characteristics and is usually disposed of. The disposal of CWW causes a negative impact on the environment of different agroindustrial areas due to the physic-chemical composition that significantly increases its high organic load and nutrients. For this reason, the aim of this work was to carry out an evaluation of the anaerobic treatability of an Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) bioreactor as a new sustainable alternative for treatment of these effluents with bioenergy production. In this study, the bioreactor was operated under stable conditions (i.e., buffer index of 0.23 ± 0.1, pH 7.22 ± 0.4 and temperature 26.6 ± 1.4 °C) for 201 days. During evaluation the hydraulic retention time (HRT) was 6 and 8 days, and it was buffered with NaHCO3. At these conditions, the COD removal rate and biochemical methane potential (BMP) were 90, 92%; and 334, 328 mLCH4/gCOD, respectively. The evidence found in this study highlighted that the CWW is a viable substrate to be treated in the EGSB bioreactor as long as it keeps buffered. Furthermore, the process to treat the CWW in an EGSB bioreactor can be a sustainable alternative to simultaneously solve the environmental pollution that this agro-industry confronts and produce renewable and environmentally-friendly bioenergy.

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Hybrid reactor performance in pentachlorophenol (pcp) removal by anaerobic granules

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2001.0202 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 137-144 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

M. De Almeida Prado Montenegro ◽

E. De Mattos Moraes ◽

H. Moreira Soares ◽

R. Filomena Vazoller

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Culture Media ◽

Biogas Production ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Concentration Addition ◽

Hybrid Reactor ◽

Reactor Performance

The present research aimed at evaluating pentachlorophenol (PCP) degradation in a hybrid reactor supplied with a mixture of fatty acids (propionic, butyric, acetic and lactic) and methanol. The performance of the reactor is remarkably stable and efficient during PCP additions at range of 2.0 to 21.0 mg/L. The reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was around 97% and methane was found to be 86% in the biogas production. The efficiency of volatile fatty acids breakdown was 93%, 64% and 74% respectively for butyric, propionic and acetic. PCP total removal of more than 99% was reached by granular sludge activities formed during 21 months of reactor operation. Methanogenic microorganisms predominance was noticed with 105 to 106 cells/mL during enumeration on methanol or lactate added to sulfate culture media. The removal rate was 1.07 mg PCP · g−1 VS · d−1 during the highest PCP concentration addition.

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Study on the Startup of Internal Circulation Anaerobic Reactor in Treating Juice Wastewater

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.281.132 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 281 ◽

pp. 132-136

Author(s):

Zhi Jiang Li ◽

Jin Juan Chi ◽

Hui Hu ◽

Ai Yuan Miao

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Internal Circulation ◽

Anaerobic Reactor ◽

Volume Load ◽

Start Up ◽

Cod Removal Rate ◽

Sludge Particle

We studied the Internal Circulation (IC) anaerobic reactor start-up progress in treating juice wastewater. The results shown that IC reactor has certain acidoresistant, the pH of inflow water can drop to 6.0, the IC reactor under the circumstance of increasing COD concentration gradually to enhance the volume load, sludge bed zone of the reactor IC was filled fully by granular sludge with good settling property little by little as reactor run .In the bottom of the reactor, granular sludge particle size in 2-3mm were more. And particle size of all the granular sludge under the sludge bed zone was bigger than that the upper. When the COD concentration was about 7000mg/L, HRT remained unchanged for 12 hours. Under the Circumstance of the volume load in 14.15kgCOD/m3.d,COD removal rate kept above 90%. Effluent volatile fatty acids (VFA )stabled at less than 400mg/L.

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Combined technology for clomazone herbicide wastewater treatment: three-dimensional packed-bed electrochemical oxidation and biological contact degradation

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2013.162 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 257-260 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yujie Feng ◽

Junfeng Liu ◽

Limin Zhu ◽

Jinzhi Wei

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Oxidation ◽

Organic Contaminants ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cell Voltage ◽

Packed Bed ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Cod Removal Rate ◽

Oxidation Reactor

The clomazone herbicide wastewater was treated using a combined technology composed of electrochemical catalytic oxidation and biological contact degradation. A new type of electrochemical reactor was fabricated and a Ti/SnO2 electrode was chosen as the anode in electrochemical-oxidation reactor and stainless steel as the cathode. Ceramic rings loaded with SnO2 were used as three-dimensional electrodes forming a packed bed. The operation parameters that might influence the degradation of organic contaminants in the clomazone wastewater were optimized. When the cell voltage was set at 30 V and the volume of particle electrodes was designed as two-thirds of the volume of the total reactor bed, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate could reach 82% after 120 min electrolysis, and the ratio of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)/COD of wastewater increased from 0.12 to 0.38. After 12 h degradation with biological contact oxidation, the total COD removal rate of the combined technology reached 95%, and effluent COD was below 120 mg/L. The results demonstrated that this electrocatalytic oxidation method can be used as a pretreatment for refractory organic wastewater before biological treatment.

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Study on IC Reactor Treating Straw-Washing Wastewater and Changes of Sludge Bed

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2834 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 2834-2843

Author(s):

Ke Zeng ◽

Shi Hao Liu ◽

Yu Jie Hou ◽

Ming Lei Zhang

Keyword(s):

Removal Rate ◽

Control Level ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Anaerobic Treatment ◽

Gas Production ◽

Normal Operation ◽

Cod Removal Rate ◽

Washing Wastewater ◽

Operation Phase ◽

Washing Water

In this paper, we utilized IC reactor to treat straw-washing wastewater of straw pulping and papermaking. The removal rate of COD in normal operation is 28.14%, which is much lower than the value of wake-up stage and acclimation stage; gas production rate in the whole normal operation phase kept a lower level, and the average is 12.36L/h; so straw-washing water is not suitable for advanced anaerobic treatment. While COD removal rate is 28.14%, SCOD removal rate is only 6.96%; added the effluent VFA concentration which is 692~1211mg/L is greatly exceed normal control level, we can know that when treating straw-washing water the biological system was under acidification phase of the anaerobic process. Thus the straw-washing water is suitable for hydrolysis-acidification Process. Granular size of seed sludge was 3~5mm, 100 days later it became 1.5~3mm, and 120 days later it was 1~2.5mm mainly, With the acidification occurring, the mass proportion of the granular sludge to total sludge was reduced, the proportions of 2# and 3# sampling ports are decreasing from 70~85% to 30~50%. Because of lack of adequate nutrition and appropriate loading conditions, straw-washing water can’t support the cultivation and maintenance of granular sludge.

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Effect of Low Concentration Cyanide on Startup of Expanded Granular Sludge Bed for the Treatment of Tapioca Starch Wastewater

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2493 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 518-523 ◽

pp. 2493-2499 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ling Kui Zhao ◽

Xiao Ming Li ◽

Chuang Rong Mo ◽

Chao Lan Zhang ◽

Wen Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Tapioca Starch ◽

Methanogenic Activity ◽

Cyanide Concentration ◽

Low Concentration ◽

A Value ◽

Starch Wastewater

In this investigation, An Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) was used to treat tapioca starch wastewater containing low concentration cyanide and the influence of cyanide concentration on the startup of EGSB reactor was conducted. On the condition of 13.4h of HRT, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and cyanide concentration varied, The EGSB performance was assessed in terms of COD, pH, alkalinity, volatile fatty acids (VFA) and methane variation during the process. The results showed that cyanide was harmful to the anaerobic bacteria of the granular sludge in EGSB reactor for the treatment of tapioca starch waster, as the cyanide concentration was at 15mg/L, COD removal efficiency for cyanide free wastewater nearly 90%, however the efficient dropped to 80% with increasing cyanide concentration up to15mg/L; the methane production was nearly 200mg/L with cyanide concentration and dropped to a value of 2mg/L for 15 mg/L cyanide; and methanogenic activity decreased; while the influent VFA was increased, at an cyanide concentration of 0 and 5mg/L, the concentration of VFA was maintained below 100.00mg/L, but it was higher than 600mg/L in most of the cases with influent cyanide concentration of 15mg/L; SEM observation of the granules showed the predominance of Methanosaeta. sp. and the obvious damage of the bacteria located on the surface or in the inner part of some granules, leading to a deterioration of granular sludge settling velocity, and even some granules washed out.

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Bioaugmentation with Mixed Hydrogen-Producing Acetogen Cultures Enhances Methane Production in Molasses Wastewater Treatment

Archaea ◽

10.1155/2018/4634898 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shuo Wang ◽

Jianzheng Li ◽

Guochen Zheng ◽

Guocheng Du ◽

Ji Li

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Cod Removal ◽

Anaerobic Wastewater Treatment ◽

Rate Limiting Step ◽

Limiting Step ◽

Molasses Wastewater ◽

Cod Removal Rate ◽

Rate Limiting

Hydrogen-producing acetogens (HPA) have a transitional role in anaerobic wastewater treatment. Thus, bioaugmentation with HPA cultures can enhance the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and CH4yield of anaerobic wastewater treatment. Cultures with high degradation capacities for propionic acid and butyric acid were obtained through continuous subculture in enrichment medium and were designated as Z08 and Z12. Bioaugmentation with Z08 and Z12 increased CH4production by glucose removal to 1.58. Bioaugmentation with Z08 and Z12 increased the COD removal rate in molasses wastewater from 71.60% to 85.84%. The specific H2and CH4yields from COD removal increased by factors of 1.54 and 1.63, respectively. Results show that bioaugmentation with HPA-dominated cultures can improve CH4production from COD removal. Furthermore, hydrogen-producing acetogenesis was identified as the rate-limiting step in anaerobic wastewater treatment.

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Anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by methanogenic granular sludge: role of co-substrates and methanogenic inhibition

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2009.137 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 1449-1456 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

D. Puyol ◽

A. F. Mohedano ◽

J. L. Sanz ◽

J. J. Rodríguez

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Granular Sludge ◽

Anaerobic Biodegradation ◽

Methanogenic Activity ◽

The Third ◽

Specific Methanogenic Activity ◽

Methanol Yeast ◽

Complete Dechlorination

The influence of several co-substrates in the anaerobic biodegradation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (246TCP) by methanogenic granular sludge as well as in methanogenesis inhibition by 246TCP has been studied. 4 g-COD·L−1 of lactate, sucrose, volatile fatty acids (VFA) acetate:propionate:butyrate 1:1:1, ethanol, methanol, yeast extract (YE), and 2 g-COD·L−1 of formate and methylamine were tested. Two concentrations of 246TCP: 80 mg·L−1 and 113 mg·L−1 (this last corresponding to the EC50 for acetotrophic methanogenesis) were tested. Three consecutive co-substrate and nutrient feedings were accomplished. 246TCP was added in the second feed, and the 246TCP removal rate increased considerably after the third feed. Accumulated metabolites after ortho-dechlorination, either 4-chlorophenol (4CP) (when methanol, ethanol or VFA were used as co-substrates) or 2,4-dichlorophenol (24DCP) (with lactate) avoided the complete dechlorination of 246TCP. With methylamine and formate this compound was degraded only partially. Monochlorophenols biodegradation was partially achieved with YE, but both 24DCP and 2,6-dichlorophenol (26DCP) were accumulated. In the presence of sucrose para-dechlorination was observed. 246TCP was better tolerated by methanogens when ethanol and methanol were added because of the highest specific methanogenic activity achieved with these co-substrates. Methanol and ethanol were the best co-substrates in the anaerobic biodegradation of 246TCP.

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Treatment of synthetic wastewater and hog waste with reduced sludge generation by the multi-environment BioCAST technology

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.601 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 587-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Yerushalmi ◽

M. Alimahmoodi ◽

C. N. Mulligan

Keyword(s):

Removal Efficiency ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Treatment Technology ◽

Minimal Impact ◽

Biological Sludge ◽

Removal Efficiencies ◽

Cod Removal Rate

Simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus was examined along with reduced generation of biological sludge during the treatment of synthetic wastewater and hog waste by the BioCAST technology. This new multi-environment wastewater treatment technology contains both suspended and immobilized microorganisms, and benefits from the presence of aerobic, microaerophilic, anoxic and anaerobic conditions for the biological treatment of wastewater. The influent concentrations during the treatment of synthetic wastewater were 1,300–4,000 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L, 42–115 mg total nitrogen (TN)/L, and 19–40 mg total phosphorus (TP)/L. The removal efficiencies reached 98.9, 98.3 and 94.1%, respectively, for carbon, TN and TP during 225 days of operation. The removal efficiencies of carbon and nitrogen showed a minimal dependence on the nitrogen-to-phosphorus (N/P) ratio, while the phosphorus removal efficiency showed a remarkable dependence on this parameter, increasing from 45 to 94.1% upon the increase of N/P ratio from 3 to 4.5. The increase of TN loading rate had a minimal impact on COD removal rate which remained around 1.7 kg/m3 d, while it contributed to increased TP removal efficiency. The treatment of hog waste with influent COD, TN and TP concentrations of 960–2,400, 143–235 and 25–57 mg/L, respectively, produced removal efficiencies up to 89.2, 69.2 and 47.6% for the three contaminants, despite the inhibitory effects of this waste towards biological activity. The treatment system produced low biomass yields with average values of 3.7 and 8.2% during the treatment of synthetic wastewater and hog waste, respectively.

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