scholarly journals Numerical study on dynamic behavior of entrapped air in a partially filled pipe

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-780
Author(s):  
Hengliang Guo ◽  
Ye Guo ◽  
Biao Huang ◽  
Jiachun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Entrapped Air

Abstract Rapid filling in horizontal partially filled pipes with entrapped air may result in extreme pressure transients. This study advanced the current understanding of dynamic behavior of entrapped air above tailwater (the initial water column with a free surface in a partially filled pipe) through rigid-column modeling and sensitivity analysis of system parameters. Water and air were considered as incompressible fluid and ideal gas, respectively, and the continuity and momentum equations for water and a thermodynamic equation for air were solved by using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of system parameters were examined in detail, including tailwater depth, entrapped air volume, driving head, pipe friction, and relative length of entrapped air and pipe. The results indicate that the presence of tailwater can mitigate the peak pressure when with identical initial volumes of entrapped air, as it can be considered to reflect a certain amount of loss of the net driving head. However, the peak pressure can increase as much as about 45% for the cases with fixed pipe length, due to the reduction in the initial entrapped air volume. The rise time for the first peak pressure was closely related to pipe friction, whereas the oscillation period (defined as the time duration between the first and second peaks) was virtually irrelevant. The applicability of the rigid-column model was discussed, and a time scale relevant indicator was proposed. When the indicator is larger than 20, the relative difference between the peak pressure estimation and experimental measurements is generally below 5%.

scholarly journals Numerical study on effects of chamber design and multi-inlet on storm geyser

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 1286-1299
Author(s):  
Jiachun Liu ◽  
Shuangqing Zhang ◽  
Biao Huang ◽  
David Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Inflow Condition ◽  
Entrapped Air ◽  
Mitigation Methods ◽  
Dynamics Models

Abstract Storm geysers increasingly occur in sewer systems under climate change and rapid urbanization. Mitigation measures are in great demand to avoid safety problems. In this study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics models of single-inlet and multi-inlet systems were established to investigate geysering induced by rapid filling and assess the effectiveness of potential mitigation methods. The modeling results suggest that increasing the capacity of the downstream pipe before the inflow front reaches the chamber can effectively reduce the maximum geyser pressure. The peak pressure can be significantly mitigated when the chamber size is designed with care and the drop height between the upstream and downstream pipes is reduced. A diversion deflector with air vents and an orifice plate at the riser top end can alleviate the maximum pressure by about 65% with about 75% of the entrapped air being released. The peak pressure during the geyser event in the multi-inlet model is less than that of a single-inlet model under the same total inflow condition, but more water can be released.

Parametric Study of the Coupling Power Factor for the Statistical Energy Analysis of Piping Acoustic Vibration

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed H. Dweib
Keyword(s):  
Energy Analysis ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Coupling Factor ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Piping System ◽  
Statistical Energy Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Pipe Length ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
System Parameters

Energy-based finite element model is utilized for the evaluation of the Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA) coupling factor and the dependence of the coupling factor on the different system parameters is studied. Previous research has shown that the coupling factor is largely dependent on the modal densities of the fluid and pipe subsystems, which depend on the pipe dimensional parameters. The coupling factor depends also on the spectrum of the acoustic power generated, which in turn depends on the mass flow rate, the pressure reduction ratio and the characteristics of the pressure-reducing device. This study is concerned with the piping system parameters, downstream of the pressure-reducing valve. The system parameters selected for consideration are the pipe diameter to thickness ratio D/T and the pipe length to diameter ratio L/D. The study presents the effect of the variation in these two dimensionless parameters on the coupling factor. The results of the analysis can be used directly in the formulation of SEA power flow equations for large piping systems with multiple sources of acoustic energy as part of the fatigue life evaluation in critical services.

On the Cushioning of Water Impact by Entrapped Air

1968 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 116-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Lewison ◽  
W. M. Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Flat Plate ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Water Impact ◽  
Entrapped Air

Impact between a rigid flat plate and the free surface of water has been investigated experimentally and theoretically. Under two-dimensional conditions, the experiments give values of peak pressure of the same order as those recorded on ships slamming at sea, but very much smaller than would be expected from existing theories. New theoretical work is presented which takes account of the air trapped between the model and the water surface, and of both compressible and incompressible water movement. This shows good general agreement with the experiments, though further work is needed to confirm some of the assumptions made.

On Instability of Overhung Centrifugal Compressors

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Berot ◽  
Hervé Dourlens
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effect ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Technical Solution ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Centrifugal Compressors ◽  
The Third ◽  
Instability Problem ◽  
Angle Rotation ◽  
Bearing Design

This paper describes the synchronous vibration instability problem that occurred on a series of large overhung centrifugal compressors. The first part of this paper deals with the identification and display of the instability phenomenon: cyclic vibration amplitude variations and phase angle rotation occuring during testing of overhung centrifugal compressors. After numerical simulations and analysis of the test results, the bearing design has been identified as the cause of the problem. The second part describes the numerical study of the instability of the compressor. This problem is related to the eccentricity of the shaft in the bearing and to the shape of its orbit. We have investigated and propose different solutions to avoid this unstable dynamic behavior. These solutions have been tested on different compressors and have confirmed the results of the numerical analysis. The third part reminds a link between the thermal effect occurring in the bearings, the numerical results and the tested dynamic behavior of the compressor. Recently, some authors such as Keogh et al. (1994) and Liebich et al. (1994) have noticed and studied this unstable behavior. Althougth the nature of the phenomenon seems to be known (de Jongh et al., 1984) (Faulkner et al., 1997a, 1997b), no universal technical solution to this important problem has been found. The contribution of this work is to present another case of the influence of the thermal effect on the dynamic behavior of an overhung compressor. We present the typical symptoms of the phenomenon, explain it, and propose the solutions we have used to avoid the problem.

scholarly journals Impact pressure on an orifice plate by a rising water column driven by an air pocket in a vertical riser

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 1029-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Qian ◽  
David Z. Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Peak Pressure ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Orifice Plate ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Air Pocket ◽  
Riser Height

Abstract Occurrences of storm geyser events have attracted significant attention in recent years. Previous studies suggest that using an orifice plate can reduce the intensity of a geyser event but may induce a water-hammer type of pressure on the orifice plate. This study was conducted to explore the factors that influence the pressure transients when an orifice plate was installed in a vertical riser. A novel model was developed to simulated the movement of a rising water column driven by an air pocket in a vertical riser with an orifice plate on the top. Water-hammer type of pressure occurs when the water column reaches the orifice plate. The current model accurately simulates the dynamics of the water column considering its mass loss due to the flow along the wall of the riser (film flow) and the existence of the orifice plate. It was found that the initial water column length and the driving pressure, as well as the riser material, have a strong relationship with the peak pressure. The riser diameter and riser height have minor effect on the peak pressure. The water-hammer induced peak pressure reaches the maximum when the orifice opening is around 0.2 times the diameter of the vertical riser.

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