scholarly journals Establishing indicators for assessing non-carcinogenic risks under chronic inhalation expo-sure to benzene and average annual mpc for benzene as per health risk criteria

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
P.Z. Shur ◽  
◽  
N.V. Zaitseva ◽  
А.А. Khasanova ◽  
К.V. Chetverkina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Critical Effect ◽  
Reference Concentration ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Critical Organ ◽  
Additional Reference

Recently multiple new toxicological and epidemiologic data on negative effects produced by chemicals have become available; given that, it is necessary to improve quantitative criteria applied in health risk assessment. It is advisable to revise previously established reference concentrations and to make more precise lists of organs and systems affected by a chemical in concentrations which are either equal to reference one or exceed it. Our research aim was to establish a reference concentration for benzene and additional quantitative indicators of its effects (additional reference concentrations) on specific organs and systems under chronic inhalation exposure; another aim was to determine average annual MPC verified as per permissible lifetime carcinogenic risk using evolution models. The research allowed recommending 0.005 mg/m3 to be used as a reference concentration under chronic inhalation exposure to benzene; a decrease in quantity of B-lymphocytes was recommended as a critical effect since this decrease might produce negative effects on the blood and immune system. Additional reference concen-trations for benzene were fixed at 0.007 mg/m3 for the liver as a critical organ and 0.012 mg/mg3 for violated process of organism development as a critical effect. They can be used as additional indicators for assessing non-carcinogenic health risks under chronic inhalation exposure to benzene in its elevated concentrations. Our research results were used to substantiate average annual MPC for benzene in ambient air; its recommended value was 0.005 mg/m3 since it provided safety (absence of impermis-sible (unacceptable) lifetime health risk), probable carcinogenic effects taken into account.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE CONCENTRATIONS AND LEVEL OF HEALTH RISK FOR AIR POLLUTANTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Suchkov ◽  
E. A. Semaeva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Hexavalent Chromium ◽  
Reference Range ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
The Third ◽  
The City

There was executed the complex assessment of air pollution in the city Novokuibyshevsk in 2014. There were outlined basic chemicals exceeding hygienic standards, as well as causing both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risk. Average concentrations of pollutants were shown to fail to exceed the average daily maximum permissible concentration, and on the basis of this air pollution index in the city of Novokuibyshevsk was the low in 2014. However, air pollution in the city of Novokuibyshevsk decreased not due to the reduction of the concentration of priority pollutants, but as a result of the revision of the admissible values for formaldehyde concentrations. Individual carcinogenic risks to the health of children under 18 years according to hexavalent chromium, benzene and formaldehyde exceeded the border of maximum permissible risk, and were attributed to the third reference range of risk values in accordance with the R 2.1.10.1920-04. The carcinogenic risk to the health of adults and the population of the city of Novokuibyshevsk as a whole was in the third reference range boundaries only for hexavalent chromium. However, the overall carcinogenic risk for health of children aged up to 18 years amounted to 1.18∙10-3 and moved into a fourth reference range boundaries. The total index of danger with all substances, the content of which was monitored in the ambient air in the city of Novokuibyshevsk, accounted for 17.74 and also demanded measures to reduce air pollution in the near future.

Association between Exposure to Components of Pulp and Paper Industry Emissions and Diseases in Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
AN Perezhogin ◽  
MA Zemlyanova ◽  
YuV Koldibekova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: To improve the efficiency of prevention and elimination of adverse health effects of airborne chemicals in children and adults, the industrially developed regions of Russian Federation face an urgent task of establishing the relationship between exposure to industrial emissions and diseases observed in the local population. The objective of our study was to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between inhalation exposure to components of pulp and paper industry emissions and health disorders in children. Materials and methods: We carried out ambient air quality testing in the residential area, established target organs and systems, assessed non-carcinogenic risk, conducted an in-depth child health examination, and modeled cause-effect relationships. Results: We established that phenol, benzene, toluene, xylene, and ethylbenzene were constantly present in the air in the vicinity of the pulp and paper mill. Their concentrations were up to 4.83 and 9.55 times higher than the average daily and one-time maximum permissible concentrations, respectively. High concentrations of chemicals posed unacceptable chronic non-carcinogenic risk of developing diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems, liver, and kidney, as well as acute non-carcinogenic risk of diseases of the immune system. Elevated (up to 1.5 times) blood levels of phenol and xylenes were associated with a 2.3 times higher incidence rate of allergic respiratory diseases and an almost 1.5 times higher incidence of digestive diseases. We established the relationship between blood phenol and xylene levels and a higher incidence of allergic respiratory diseases and diseases of the biliary tract, an increased eosinophil count, nasal mucus eosinophilia, higher direct and total bilirubin in serum. Conclusion: Laboratory test results proved the relationship between inhalation exposure to phenol and xylene as components of pulp and paper industry emissions and higher incidence of diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems observed in the local child population.

scholarly journals Pollution Level and Health Risk Assessment of PM2.5-Bound Metals in Baoding City Before and After the Heating Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yixuan Liu ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Chunyuan Sun ◽  
Mengxi Qi ◽  
Xue Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Enrichment Factor ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Pollution Load Index ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Before And After

In order to assess the pollution levels and health risks of PM2.5-bound metals in Baoding City before and after the heating period, samples were collected in 2016 at Hebei University from September 25th to November 14th during the non-heating period, and November 15th to December 26th during the heating period, respectively. ICP-MS was applied to analyze seven heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni, Cd and Fe). The statistical analysis, enrichment factor (EF), pollution load index method, and Risk Assessment Method proposed by U.S. EPA were used to evaluate the non-carcinogenic risks of six of these heavy metals (Cr, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd) and carcinogenic risks of three of these heavy metals (Cr, Ni and Cd). The results showed three main results. First, the average daily PM2.5 concentrations of the national air monitoring stations was 155.66 μg·m−3 which was 2.08 times as high as that of the second level criterion in China (75 μg·m−3) during the observation period. Compared with the non-heating period, all heavy metals concentrations increased during heating period. The growth rates of Pb and Ni were the highest and the lowest, which were 88.03 and 5.11 percent, respectively. Second, the results of enrichment factor indicated that the EF values of all heavy metals were higher during the heating period in comparison with during the non-heating period, but the degree of enrichment of all heavy metals remained unchanged. Not only those, Cr and Ni were minimally enriched and were affected by both human and natural factors, Pb, Cu and Zn were significantly enriched and were mainly affected by human factors, the enrichment of Cd was much higher than that of the other heavy metals, exhibiting extremely high enrichment, mainly due to human factors during the whole sampling period. The results of the pollution load index indicated that the proportions of the number of highly and very highly polluted PM2.5-bound metals were the highest during the heating period, while the proportion of moderately polluted PM2.5-bound metals was the highest during the non-heating period. The combined pollution degree of heavy metals was more serious during the heating period. Third, according to the health risk assessment model, we concluded that the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks caused by inhalation exposure were the highest and by dermal exposure were the lowest for all kinds of people. The overall non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals via inhalation and subsequent ingestion exposure caused significant harm to children during the non-heating and the heating periods, and the risk values were 2.64, 4.47, 1.20 and 1.47, respectively. Pb and Cr exhibited the biggest contributions to the non-carcinogenic risk. All the above non-carcinogenic risks exceeded the standard limits suggested by EPA (HI or HQ < 1). The carcinogenic risk via inhalation exposure to children, adult men and women were 2.10 × 10−4, 1.80 × 10−4, and 1.03 × 10−4 during the non-heating period, respectively, and 2.52 × 10−4, 2.16 × 10−4 and 1.23 × 10−4 during the heating period, respectively. All the above carcinogenic risks exceeded the threshold ranges (10−6~10−4), and Cr posed a carcinogenic risk to all people.

scholarly journals Health Risk Evaluation of Trace Elements in Geophagic Kaolinitic Clays within Eastern Dahomey and Niger Delta Basins, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4813
Author(s):  
Olaonipekun Oyebanjo ◽  
Georges-Ivo Ekosse ◽  
John Odiyo
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Risk Indices ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects

The deliberate consumption of earthly materials is a universally recognised habit with health benefits and risks to those that practice it. Thirteen (13) samples comprising of six (6) Cretaceous and seven (7) Paleogene/Neogene geophagic kaolinitic materials, respectively, were collected and analysed for trace element concentrations (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Zn, Pb, and Fe), and possible risk on consumers’ health. The trace element compositions were obtained using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) analytical methods. Based on their average concentrations, Fe > V > Cr > Ni > Zn > Pb > Cu > Co and Fe > V > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Co for the Cretaceous and Paleogene/Neogene geophagic clays, respectively. Iron concentrations were significantly higher in Paleogene/Neogene geophagic clays than in Cretaceous geophagic clays. The nutritional value of Cu and Zn were lower whereas, Cr and Fe were higher than the recommended dietary intake. The index of geoaccumulation (0 < Igeo ≤ 1) showed that the geophagic materials were uncontaminated to moderately contaminated by the trace elements. The overall hazard indices (HI) for non-carcinogenic effects showed that the geophagic clays pose threat to children (HI > 1) and no threat to adults (HI < 1) health. However, the carcinogenic risk indices (CRI) for Cr, Ni, and Pb were within acceptable cancer risks (10−6 < CRI < 10−4) for children and adults. Hence, based on the trace element s HI and CRI, this study concluded that the consumption of Cretaceous and Paleogene/Neogene geophagic kaolinitic clays poses no risks to adult health but children might suffer health risk if the geophagic clays are not beneficiated before ingestion.

scholarly journals Assessment of environmental risks from atmospheric air pollution in industrially developed regions of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Nekos ◽  
Yu. V. Medvedeva ◽  
N. I. Cherkashyna
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Level Of Risk

Currently, atmospheric pollution is one of the main causes of premature mortality in the world. The problem is especially relevant for economically underdeveloped countries, in particular Ukraine, the economy of which has been developing for a long time in an extensive way. The complicated socio-ecological situation in the territory of the country is due, first of all, to insufficient financing of the medical industry and environmental protection, outdated technologies in industries, etc. The purpose of the study is to assess the environmental risks of atmospheric air pollution in industrialized regions of Ukraine. Kharkiv and Dnipro regions, which are part of the Donetsk-Prydnistrovsky economic macro-district, a powerful center of metallurgy and machine-building of the national level, were selected for the study. As part of the study, the ambient air condition was assessed from the point of view of sanitary-hygienic norms in compliance with state environmental standards as well as the risks of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects from atmospheric pollution.Regional monitoring data on average annual concentrations of common pollutants and heavy metals in the atmospheric air of the cities of Kharkiv and Dnipro regions were used in calculations, averaged over the period from 2014 to 2016. The results of calculations have shown that the total non-carcinogenic risk from atmospheric air pollution in all studied cities exceeds the permissible level: Dnipro – 19.8 HQ; Kamianske– 23.3 HQ; Kryviy Rig – 19.3 HQ; Kharkiv – 11.9 HQ. The pollutants: PM2.5, copper, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, manganese and phenol mostly contribute to the greatest non-carcinogenic risk.  The dominance of these chemicals and elements in the structure of pollution in the studied cities leads to high probability of development of harmful effects in the respiratory organs – 11.1 to 22.3 HQ; cardiovascular system – 2.9 to 12.3 HQ; immune system – 1.7 to 4.7 HQ; eyes – 0.8 to 4 HQ; central nervous system – 1,4 to 4,6 HQ.  The risk of carcinogenic effects is calculated  for substances with proven carcinogenic effects: formaldehyde, nickel, cadmium, lead and chromium. The obtained carcinogenic risk from atmospheric air pollution within the studied cities falls into two categories: conventionally acceptable level of risk and acceptable level of risk. The greatest carcinogenic danger is from pollution of atmospheric air by chromium. Contribution of chromium to total carcinogenic risk ranges from 53.6 to 90.6%. Taking into account the obtained results, it is expedient to include the assessment of the risks to the population’s health in the system of monitoring and control of the environment in Ukraine.

scholarly journals A NON-CANCER HEALTH RISK TO THE POPULATION OF VLADIKAVKAZ UNDER CHRONIC INHALATION EXPOSURE OF TECHNOGENIC EMISSIONS TO ATMOSPHERIC AIR

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima K. Khudalova ◽  
R. B. Tsallagova ◽  
O. I. Yanushanets
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Ferrous Metals ◽  
Vehicles Emissions

A non-cancer health risk to the population of Vladikavkaz inhabitants exposed to chronic inhalation of emissions from non-ferrous metals processing facilities and motor vehicles was assessed. A high risk to the population health caused by industrial and motor vehicles emissions was estimated, whereas the cardiovascular system was most severely affected by negative impact of the technogenic emissions. The necessity to conduct a complex of preventive measures to avoid risk of negative effects of technogenic emissions on the population health was established. As well as the necessity to apply modern methods to calculate the non-cancer health risk to the population of Vladikavkaz under chronic inhalation exposure of technogenic substances in the lower layers of atmospheric air was proved.

scholarly journals Perbandingan Penggunaan Panel Surya dan Turbin Angin dalam Implementasi Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) di Lingkungan Universitas Pertamina

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 029-037
Author(s):  
Riestiya Zain Fadillah ◽  
Adhytia Ihza Mahendra ◽  
Muhamad Benando Pangestu ◽  
Afriansyah Afriansyah ◽  
Ahmad Fauzan Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reference Concentration ◽  
Environmental Health Risk

ABSTRACT Health risk characteristics expressed as a Risk Quotient (RQ) can be carried out through an environmental health risk analysis (ARKL) approach. This approach can estimate the public health risk caused by the concentration of risk agents of particulates consisting of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP. The research on the fluctuation of ambient air particulate pollutant and its risk to public health was conducted in each sub-district of Bogor City. Author identified a total of 360 respondents to determine the community anthropometric variable of exposures for time, frequency, and duration. There are several steps that need to be carried out to obtain the RQ value, namely identification of hazards from particulate risk agents, analysis of the dose-response in the form of Reference Concentration (RFC), analysis of the exposure obtained based on anthropometric variables, and the concentration of risk agents as well as characteristics of risk levels. The risk level characteristic shows that the RQ value of TSP is always the highest one, followed by PM10 and PM2.5. The respective RQ values of TSP for male and female residents are 1.85 and 1.53. Cumulatively, the male and female population in Tanah Sareal produced the highest RQ values. Those are 4.44 and 3.36, respectively. At the same time, the lowest cumulative RQ was obtained for male and female residents in East Bogor with RQ values of 2.96 and 2.54. The RQ value of each risk agent or the cumulative RQ that is more than 1 (RQ> 1) is stated to have or has a health risk, so it needs to be controlled, while the RQ value which is less than one (1) is displayed not to need to be controlled but needs to be maintained. Keywords: particulate, risk level, exposure assessment, anthropometric characteristic, environmental health risk assessment   ABSTRAK Karakteristik risiko kesehatan yang dinyatakan sebagai Risk Quotient (RQ) dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Pendekatan ini dapat mengestimasi risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh konsentrasi agen risiko yaitu PM2,5, PM10, dan TSP di tiap-tiap kecamatan di Kota Bogor. Penulis mengidentifikasi sebanyak 360 responden yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan untuk menentukan variabel antropometri masyarakat di Kota Bogor, waktu paparan, frekuensi paparan, serta durasi paparan. Ada beberapa tahapan yang perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh nilai RQ, yaitu identifikasi bahaya dari agen risiko partikulat, analisis dosis-respon berupa Reference Concentration (RfC), analisis pajanan yang diperoleh berdasarkan variabel antropometri dan konsentrasi agen risiko serta karakteristik tingkat risiko. Karakteristik tingkat risiko menunjukkan nilai RQ TSP selalu paling tinggi diikuti PM10, dan terendah adalah RQ PM2,5 dengan nilai tertinggi TSP untuk penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan masing-masing sebesar 1,85 dan 1,53. Secara kumulatif, penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan di Tanah Sareal menghasilkan nilai RQ tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 4,44 dan 3,36. Sedangkan RQ kumulatif terendah diperoleh untuk penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan di Bogor Timur dengan nilai RQ 2,96 dan 2,54. Nilai RQ tiap agen risiko ataupun RQ kumulatif yang lebih dari 1 (RQ>1) dinyatakan memiliki atau terdapat risiko kesehatan sehingga perlu dikendalikan, sementara nilai RQ yang masing kurang dari satu dinyatakan tidak perlu dikendalikan tetapi perlu dipertahankan. Kata kunci: partikulat, tingkat risiko, analisis pajanan, karakteristik antropometri, analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan

scholarly journals HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF INHALATION EXPOSURE TO SO2 AND NO2 AMONG TRADERS IN A TRADITIONAL MARKET

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Aria Gusti
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Risk Level

Background: Air pollution is a global problem that is almost experienced by all countries. Causes of air pollution usually come from motor vehicles and industrial sources. One of places filled with transportations in community is a traditional marketObjective: This study aimed to asses the health risk of inhalation exposure to SO2 and NO2 on traders in the Siteba Market Padang City, Indonesia.Methods: This was a descriptive quantitative research with Environmental Health Risk Analysis method (EHRA). The concentrations of SO2 and NO2 were measured at three different points in a total of  81 respondents who were randomly selected.Results: Findings showed that the average of SO2 concentration was equal to 113 mg/m3, and the average NO2 concentration was 3 mg/m3. SO2 and NO2 exposure assessment on the traders were 0.005204 mg / kg / day and 0.00015604 mg / kg / day respectively. And the results of calculation of exposure risk characterization of SO2 and NO2 were at risk level (RQ) of 1.Conclusion: It can be concluded that ambient air quality was safe although the complaints and discomforts among traders were still found. Therefore, further research to assess the other air quality parameters that affect the respiratory distress perceived by market traders is needed.

scholarly journals Fluktuasi Cemaran Udara Partikulat dan Tingkat Risikonya terhadap Kesehatan Masyarakat Kota Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 038-047
Author(s):  
Iif Miftahul Ihsan ◽  
Moh. Yani ◽  
Rahmat Hidayat ◽  
Tetty Permatasari
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Risk Quotient ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Reference Concentration ◽  
Environmental Health Risk

ABSTRACT Health risk characteristics expressed as a Risk Quotient (RQ) can be carried out through an environmental health risk analysis (ARKL) approach. This approach can estimate the public health risk caused by the concentration of risk agents of particulates consisting of PM2.5, PM10, and TSP. The research on the fluctuation of ambient air particulate pollutant and its risk to public health was conducted in each sub-district of Bogor City. Author identified a total of 360 respondents to determine the community anthropometric variable of exposures for time, frequency, and duration. There are several steps that need to be carried out to obtain the RQ value, namely identification of hazards from particulate risk agents, analysis of the dose-response in the form of Reference Concentration (RFC), analysis of the exposure obtained based on anthropometric variables, and the concentration of risk agents as well as characteristics of risk levels. The risk level characteristic shows that the RQ value of TSP is always the highest one, followed by PM10 and PM2.5. The respective RQ values of TSP for male and female residents are 1.85 and 1.53. Cumulatively, the male and female population in Tanah Sareal produced the highest RQ values. Those are 4.44 and 3.36, respectively. At the same time, the lowest cumulative RQ was obtained for male and female residents in East Bogor with RQ values of 2.96 and 2.54. The RQ value of each risk agent or the cumulative RQ that is more than 1 (RQ> 1) is stated to have or has a health risk, so it needs to be controlled, while the RQ value which is less than one (1) is displayed not to need to be controlled but needs to be maintained. Keywords: particulate, risk level, exposure assessment, anthropometric characteristic, environmental health risk assessment   ABSTRAK Karakteristik risiko kesehatan yang dinyatakan sebagai Risk Quotient (RQ) dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Lingkungan (ARKL). Pendekatan ini dapat mengestimasi risiko kesehatan masyarakat yang disebabkan oleh konsentrasi agen risiko yaitu PM2,5, PM10, dan TSP di tiap-tiap kecamatan di Kota Bogor. Penulis mengidentifikasi sebanyak 360 responden yang terdiri dari laki-laki dan perempuan untuk menentukan variabel antropometri masyarakat di Kota Bogor, waktu paparan, frekuensi paparan, serta durasi paparan. Ada beberapa tahapan yang perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh nilai RQ, yaitu identifikasi bahaya dari agen risiko partikulat, analisis dosis-respon berupa Reference Concentration (RfC), analisis pajanan yang diperoleh berdasarkan variabel antropometri dan konsentrasi agen risiko serta karakteristik tingkat risiko. Karakteristik tingkat risiko menunjukkan nilai RQ TSP selalu paling tinggi diikuti PM10, dan terendah adalah RQ PM2,5 dengan nilai tertinggi TSP untuk penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan masing-masing sebesar 1,85 dan 1,53. Secara kumulatif, penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan di Tanah Sareal menghasilkan nilai RQ tertinggi masing-masing sebesar 4,44 dan 3,36. Sedangkan RQ kumulatif terendah diperoleh untuk penduduk laki-laki dan perempuan di Bogor Timur dengan nilai RQ 2,96 dan 2,54. Nilai RQ tiap agen risiko ataupun RQ kumulatif yang lebih dari 1 (RQ>1) dinyatakan memiliki atau terdapat risiko kesehatan sehingga perlu dikendalikan, sementara nilai RQ yang masing kurang dari satu dinyatakan tidak perlu dikendalikan tetapi perlu dipertahankan. Kata kunci: partikulat, tingkat risiko, analisis pajanan, karakteristik antropometri, analisis risiko kesehatan lingkungan

scholarly journals Analytical review of approaches to providing safety when substantiating hygienic standards for chemicals contents in ambient air

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-167
Author(s):  
P.Z. Shur ◽  
◽  
A.A. Khasanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Ambient Air Quality ◽  
Uncertainty Factors ◽  
Risk Criteria ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Research Goal

A necessity to harmonize Russian sanitary-epidemiologic approaches with international standards is fixed in the federal legislation in the RF; given that, it seems vital to harmonize standards for ambient air quality taking into account a period of their averaging. To do that, previously methodical approaches were suggested to substantiating average annual MPC of chemicals in ambient air as per health risk criteria. The research goal here was to make a review of previously applied and newly created methodical approaches to establishing average annual MPC taking into account an extent to which they were harmonized with international approaches and their capacity to provide safety for population. As per results obtained via the performed literature review, we spotted out key elements in methodical approaches applied in the RF and abroad when substantiating standards for ambient air quality taking into account chronic inhalation exposure; the further analysis was performed in accordance with them. It was detected that approaches applied to establish average annual MPC were partially harmonized since they didn’t involve using threshold levels (BMC, BMCL); use of results obtained in previous studies to establish starting points in developing hygienic standards does not allow taking all the existing uncertainties into account. It seems impossible to estimate their safety as per health risk criteria due to absence of relevant parameters. Methodical approaches to substantiating average annual MPC as per health risk criteria are fully harmonized. Thus, they involve using BMC and BMCL for determining starting points when standards are being developed; values for such starting points can be established, among other things, as per data obtained via analyzing results of previous studies and are also supplemented when it comes down to taking uncertainty factors into account. Safety of developed average annual MPC is provided, among other things, due to obtained standards being verified as per acceptable (permissible) risk criteria. Given that, they can be used for developing harmonized average annual MPC.

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