scholarly journals Method of using the transitive graph of a Markovian process as part of ranking of heterogeneous items

Dependability ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
A. V. Bochkov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Maker ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Markovian Process ◽  
Transitive Graph ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Hierarchy Analysis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Expert Ranking

Hierarchy analysis developed by Thomas Saaty is a closed logical structure that uses simple and well-substantiated rules that allow solving multicriterial problems that include both quantitative, and qualitative factors, whereby the quantitative factors can differ in terms of their dimensionality. The method is based on problem decomposition and its representation as a hierarchical arrangement, which allows including into such hierarchy all the knowledge the decision-maker has regarding the problem at hand and subsequent processing of decision-makers’ judgements. As the result, the relative degree of the interaction between the elements of such hierarchy can be identified and later quantified. Hierarchy analysis includes the procedure of multiple judgement synthesis, criteria priority definition and rating of the compared alternatives. The method’s significant limitation consists in the requirement of coherence of pairwise comparison matrices for correct definition of the weights of compared alternatives. The Aim of the paper is to examine a non-conventional method of solving the problem of alternative ratings estimation based on their pairwise comparisons that arises in the process of expert preference analysis in various fields of research. Approaches are discussed to the generation of pairwise comparison matrices taking into consideration the problem of coherence of such matrices and expert competence estimation. Method. The methods of hierarchy analysis, models and methods of the Markovian process theory were used. Result. The paper suggested a method of using the transitive graph of a Markovian process as part of expert ranking of items of a certain parent entity subject to the competence and qualification of the experts involved in the pairwise comparison. It is proposed to use steady-state probabilities of a Markovian process as the correlation of priorities (weights) of the compared items. The paper sets forth an algorithm for constructing the final scale of comparison taking into consideration the experts’ level of competence. Conclusion. The decision procedures, in which the experts are expected to choose the best alternatives out of the allowable set, are quite frequently used in a variety of fields for the purpose of estimation and objective priority definition, etc. The described method can be applied not only for comparing items, but also for solving more complicated problems of expert group estimation, i.e., planning and management, prediction, etc. The use of the method contributes to the objectivity of analysis, when comparing alternatives, taking into consideration various aspects of their consequences, as well as the decision-maker’s attitude to such consequences. The suggested model-based approach allows the decision-maker identifying and adjusting his/her preferences and, consequently, choosing the decisions according to such preferences, avoiding logical errors in long and complex reasoning chains. This approach can be used in group decision-making, description of the procedures that compensate a specific expert’s insufficient knowledge by using information provided by the other experts.

On the assessment of the state of integrated security of industrial enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 76-95
Author(s):  
E. V. Gvozdev ◽  
◽  
Yu. G. Matvienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
The State ◽  
Security System ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hierarchy Analysis ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Or Fires

Introduction. The article presents a methodically described, consistent algorithm for assessing the state of integrated safety of industrial enterprises that are classified as hazardous production facilities. A study was conducted in choosing a method that allows calculating the weighting coefficients of the estimated measures, the implementation of which is provided by services (structural divisions) performing labor functions to maintain the integrated security system of the enterprises under consideration at the required level. Goals and objectives. The main purpose of the article is to identify the causes of hazards in cases when the danger (accident or fire) occurs with the coverage of two or more departmental (industry) security subsystems that are part of the complex security of the enterprise. Reduction of hazards (accidents and fires) at industrial enterprises is carried out at the expense of resource investments directed to minimize (exclude) the conditions (prerequisites) for the occurrence of risky events that can be transformed into accidents or fires. However, due to the limitations of the resource allocated by the enterprise to ensure its comprehensive security, there is a need to identify those places (points) whose risk indicator is high (critical), requiring a response to them without delay. It is proposed to normalize each event included in the content of the checklist for checking the enterprise for both industrial and fire safety. Methods. The choice of the hierarchy analysis method is justified, the use of which, based on a pairwise comparison of factors and alternatives, allows us to determine a local priority indicator for each element under study. Results and their discussion. The algorithm of sequential actions presented in the article in the form of a detailed description allows you to set an indicator measured in the form of a quantitative value for each event held. Conclusions. An example is presented in a fragmentary form showing the order and sequence of obtaining local and global priorities, where the definition of local priorities indicates the weight of a characteristically described event that caused a hazard (accident and fire). Obtaining weighting factors in the form of global priorities is directly related to the services (structural divisions) performing labor functions to maintain the enterprise's integrated security system at the required level. Key words: complex security, hierarchy analysis, factor, evaluation indicator, expert, consistency ratio.

scholarly journals “I’ve Heard of It, Yes, but I Can’t Remember What Exactly It Was”—A Qualitative Study on Awareness, Knowledge, and Use of the UV Index

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Katharina Diehl ◽  
Tatiana Görig ◽  
Charlotte Jansen ◽  
Maike Carola Hruby ◽  
Annette B. Pfahlberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Pharmacists and pharmaceutical technicians play an important role in counselling customers regarding sunscreen use and sun protection measures. A potentially helpful tool that can be used during counselling is the ultraviolet index (UVI), which informs individuals when and what sun protection measures are needed at a specific place and time. Our aim in this qualitative study was to explore awareness, knowledge, and use of the UVI during counselling in pharmacies. We used semi-structured interviews with pharmacists and pharmaceutical technicians (n = 20) to answer our research questions. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. During the interviews pharmacists and pharmaceutical technicians revealed a lot of uncertainty and lack of knowledge regarding the UVI. Eight professionals were able to give a correct definition of UVI. Amongst others, the UVI was confused with sun protection factor. Overall, the UVI was hardly used during the counselling of customers. The UVI was developed to provide guidance when which type of sun protection is required to avoid detrimental effects of ultraviolet radiation. For effective implementation, both the general population and health professionals (e.g., pharmacists) have to increase their knowledge about the UVI. This would strengthen its use during professional counselling in pharmacies and may help to reduce the incidence of skin cancer over the long term.

The American Catholic Minority in the Later Nineteenth Century

1953 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. McAvoy
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church And State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Nineteenth Century America ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
Great Culture ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
American Catholic

The factors that caused the Roman authorities to insist on a Plenary Council of the American Bishops in 1884 have not been sufficiently explained. Perhaps the role of the American prelates in opposing the opportuneness of the definition of the doctrine of infallibility had some influence. Undoubtedly the reports of the bishops in their ad limina visits to Rome did little to subdue any fears that may have arisen. The frequent appeals of recalcitrant clergymen against their bishops were going directly to Rome because there was no intermediate court. The Instruction of 1878 makes this quite clear. Rome had shown its dissatisfaction with the condition of Catholic education by its interrogatory and its Instruction of 1875. The renewed condemnation of the Fenians had some American effects; and the renewed condemnation of the Masons with applications to certain other American social organizations indicated that all was not well in the social conditions of Catholics in the United States. Had the prelates in Rome understood American democracy and American conditions they would have had to have been much better informed than most Europeans in the nineteenth century. America was to Europe a land of great physical possibility, but a land without any great culture or religious accomplishments. Even European liberals did not understand the manhood suffrage of American democracy. The Catholic leaders of southern Europe, so generally aligned with conservative and monarchist parties, could have little understanding of American democracy in the religious sphere. In Rome where the hierarchical arrangement had not been fully dissociated from monarchical government and where Roman law with its insistence on the union of Church and State was the basis of most political thought, even the most sympathetic seemed to have some misgivings about the manifest loyalty of the American Catholics to the Holy See.

Infodemic surrounding COVID-19: Can LIS students recognize and categorize “problematic information” types on social media?

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamima Yesmin ◽  
S.M. Zabed Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Wrong Answer ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Task

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate Library and Information Science (LIS) students’ understanding of infodemic and related terminologies and their ability to categorize COVID-19-related problematic information types using examples from social media platforms. Design/methodology/approach The participants of this study were LIS students from a public-funded university located at the south coast of Bangladesh. An online survey was conducted which, in addition to demographic and study information, asked students to identify the correct definition of infodemic and related terminologies and to categorize the COVID-related problematic social media posts based on their inherent problem characteristics. The correct answer for each definition and task question was assigned a score of “1”, whereas the wrong answer was coded as “0”. The percentages of correctness score for total and each category of definition and task-specific questions were computed. The independent sample t-test and ANOVA were run to examine the differences in total and category-specific scores between student groups. Findings The findings revealed that students’ knowledge concerning the definition of infodemic and related terminologies and the categorization of COVID-19-related problematic social media posts was poor. There was no significant difference in correctness scores between student groups in terms of gender, age and study levels. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time an effort was made to understand LIS students’ recognition and classification of problematic information. The findings can assist LIS departments in revising and improving the existing information literacy curriculum for students.

scholarly journals Estimation of the return period of rockfalls according to the block size

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerio De Biagi ◽  
Maria Lia Napoli ◽  
Monica Barbero ◽  
Daniele Peila
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Block Size ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Protection Devices ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Rockfall Protection

Abstract. With reference to the rockfall risk estimation and the planning of rockfall protection devices one of the most critical and most discussed problems is the correct definition of the design block taking into account its return period. In this paper, a methodology for the assessment of the design block linked with its return time is proposed and discussed, following a statistical approach. The procedure is based on the survey of the blocks already detached from the slope and accumulated at the foot of the slope and the available historical data.

La trattazione vetero-stoica dell’ira: componenti logiche e caratteri fisiologici

Elenchos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-347
Author(s):  
Francesca Alesse
Keyword(s):  
Logical Structure ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract The paper compares the two components of the Stoic definition of pathos, the logico-linguistic component and the physiological, ‘pneumatic’ one, in order to examine the role that each of them plays in the onset of pathos, its persistence in the human soul, its possible eradication. The analysis is focused on anger (ὀργή) which reveals some peculiarities, especially as regards its logical structure, due to the fact that this passion seems to be the combination of two different feelings. The anger indeed is classified as a species of desire but the description of its onset also includes pain.

scholarly journals Signs of the concept of „conflict of interest” in the judicial practice of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Zoia Zahynei-Zabolotenko ◽  
◽  
Pavlo Demiak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Private Interest ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Government Functions ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Administrative Responsibility

This article is about the problem of understanding the concept „conflict of interest” and its characteristics in the legal positions of Administrative Court of Cassation as a part of Supreme Court of Ukraine. From the article we can understand that these legal positions touch the correct definition of characteristics of private interest, potential and real conflict of interest, finding out people who are subordinated to a person who is authorized to perform state or local self-government functions, and it can causes potential or real conflict of interest. These legal positions can be used in bringing the guilty persons to administrative responsibility under the Code of Administrative Offenses.

scholarly journals Land dispute as an object of arbitration process

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
M. A. Magomedova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Legal Concept ◽  
Land Dispute ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

In the current legislation of the Russian Federation, there is no concept of a land dispute, which causes difficulties in determining the competence of an arbitration court in cases in which the object of the dispute is land. The article analyzes the general legal concept of a dispute and the sectoral concept of a land dispute developed by scientists. The author identified the characteristic features of a land dispute and its structural elements. The work reveals the influence of the structural elements of the land dispute on the type of production in which the dispute will be considered. In addition, the author concludes that the correct definition of the structural elements of the land dispute enables the arbitration court to determine the appropriate persons participating in the case, the subject of proof, the relevance and admissibility of evidence, and ultimately make a lawful and wellgrounded court decision.

scholarly journals Assessment of physicians’ and medical majors’ knowledge of asthma basics: Current results of the ASSA-II study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Roman A. Bontsevich ◽  
Alina V. Mikhno ◽  
Oksana V. Dudchenko ◽  
Galina A. Batisheva ◽  
Galina G. Prozorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Continuous Improvement ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Asthma Therapy ◽  
Delivery Device ◽  
Laboratory Markers ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Definition Of

Introduction: Bronchial asthma is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways. At present, about 235-300 million people suffer from asthma, and this number continues to grow. This pathology is also common in children. It causes significant social and economic damage worldwide. Severe forms of asthma are difficult to treat. Thus, a continuous improvement of doctors’ knowledge in this field is of great importance. Methods: The analysis of an anonymous survey of physicians and senior medical students was used in the research. Results: The study revealed both an average level of basic knowledge in asthma etiology and pathogenesis among the physicians and senior medical students and the significant differences in their knowledge regarding clinical picture and treatment of asthma. Only 49.2% of students and 56.0% of doctors were able to choose the correct definition of asthma from the suggested answers; 65.7% of students and 69.9% of doctors correctly indicated the main clinical and laboratory markers of asthma; 60.2% of students and 91.0% of doctors determined the correct combination of drugs in one delivery device; and 75.9% of students and 91.2% of doctors selected the correct basic asthma therapy depending on the severity. Conclusion: Basing on the results obtained it was recommended to introduce additional educational activities on the diagnosis and therapy of asthma among medical majors and physicians.

scholarly journals Distant Psychological Violence: Prospects for Improvement of Criminal Legislation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
I.N. Mosechkin
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Bullying ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cyber Harassment ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The article researches the legal issues of protection from various forms of distant psychological violence arising in electronic communication. The study aims to assess the public danger of cyber-bullying, cyber-stalking and cyber-harassment among potential and real victims in order to develop recommendations for improvement of domestic legislature. The main results of the study have been obtained by surveying 207 individuals and by means of comparative review of domestic and foreign law. The results indicate that distant violence does take place, but its assessment by legislators and the public is highly controversial. Cyber-harassment is commonly seen as a more dangerous phenomenon than cyber-bullying or cyber-stalking, which raises a question of its criminalization in the law. This necessitates a correct definition of sexual harassment in distant form as there are risks of either intruding into the field of socially acceptable behavior or overlooking the socially unacceptable ones.

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