EXPRESSION OF PURPOSE IN OLD FRENCH LEGAL DOCUMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Nadezhda N. LYKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Old French ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Interpretation Method

The article examines the ways of expressing purpose in the early texts of laws written in Old French. The analysis is carried out using the text interpretation method, context-situational method and the method of actual division. It is found that, if in the works of art of this period, subordinate ends are used quite rarely, then in old French legal documents the semantic relation of the goal is often conveyed and not only by subordinate goals, but much more often with the help of equivalent prepositional-infinitive and prepositional-substantive constructions. The emerging system of alliances, introducing a clause of purpose, and their features (variability, polysemy) are revealed. The appearance time of the target union “pour que” is specified. The use of moods in subordinate purposes is explained by the anticipation in the speaker’s mind of the action result, presenting it as desired. The article analyzes the cases of preposition and postposition of a subordinate goal, due to the structure of a complex sentence, the rhythm of the phrase, the logical-communicative division specifics of the sentence. Equivalent means of expressing the goal — prepositional constructions with an infinitive and a noun — are used when the subjects of two actions coincide. In these constructions, the preposition “pour” is mainly used, as a part of the subordinate unions expressing the goal. Analyzing the goals that are guided by different subjects of law, there is found a connection which is established between the spheres of the emotional and moral, social.

scholarly journals TERMS OF DESIGNATION OF PERSONS IN JURIDICAL TERMINOLOGY OF BRITISH AND AMERICAN VARIANTS OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 231-235
Author(s):  
Maryna Kizil ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
American English ◽  
Old French ◽  
British English ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Law ◽  
Legal Procedures

The article is devoted to the research of Briitsh and American English juridical terms designating persons. This is the most numerous thematic group of juridical terms among others including terms designating different branches of law, terms denoting types of different insitutions of the sphere, types of legal documents, stages of legal procedures, procedural norms, types of crimes, offences, punishments in particular. The group of juridical terms designating persons is not homogeneous semantically. It consists of terms denoting representatives of different professions of the sphere, persons with assigned juridical rights or duties, criminals who break the law. Many of these terms have the same meanings in British and American variants of the English language. That is why they are called equivalent for both variants. Most of these terms are of Franco-Latin origin, as they were borrowed from Latin into Old French and from it into Middle and New English. So they appeared in the British English and penetrated into American one later. Some terms in the analyzed thematic group have synonymous or nearly synonymous meanings represented by different forms in British and American variants of the English language. The analyzed group also comprises other types of terms. Such terms are not equal in meanings or their shades. That is why they are called non-equivalent terms for analyzed variants of the English language. The categorial semes of their meanings are the same or practically the same in both variants. The differential semes of meanings of these terms can differ not only qualitatively, but also quantitavely. Their quality reveals in the shades of meanings or their differences. Quantitative differences reveal in widening of the denotative meaning of the term in one variant of the English language (British or American) and its narrowing in another variant correspondently. Most of non-equivalent terms from the analyzed thematic group have nationally marked semes. Such semes reveal and characterize national and cultural peculiarities of the development of British and American legal and juridical system somehow.

scholarly journals The Consept of «Culturological Text» as an Effective Method to Interpretative Activity of Pupils

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-216
Author(s):  
Lia A. Khodyakova ◽  
Tatiana B. Mytareva
Keyword(s):  
Research Result ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Text Understanding ◽  
Interpretation Method ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Analyze Data

This article deals with modern views of scholars supervisors-researchers about the concept of «culturological text» and the method of text interpretation, proves the didactic resource of the culturological text for interpretative activity of pupils. The notion of text interpretation method is introduced in the article, it demonstrates importance of background knowledge in the text understanding, shows connection between presence of pupils’ background cultural knowledge and their understanding of cultural implication of a text. The authors suggest review work variants with background cultural knowledge; analyze data of the summative assessment for revealing skills of interpretation activity of pupils, provide a number of techniques realizing the interpretation text method, offer exercises system directing to forming and developing interpretation skills. Analysis method of scientific literature, scrutiny and questionnaires of school teachers have been used in this article. The research result – an exercises system realizing stage-by-stage forming and developing interpretation skills by pupils based of the culturological texts of exercises of textbooks of the Russian language (8-9 cl.)

scholarly journals Impersonal and reflexive uses of Middle English psych verbs under contact influence with Old French

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (s2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Trips
Keyword(s):  
Middle English ◽  
Old English ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Old French ◽  
Semantic Relation ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Psych Verbs ◽  
English System ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semantic Properties

AbstractThis article discusses the relation between impersonal constructions and the reflexive use of psych verbs of the admire-type (Levin 1993) copied from Old French to Middle English. The outset of the study is an observation made by van der Gaaf (1904) which was commented on by Fischer (1992) concerning the reflexive use of verbs like remembren (Old French remembrer) in the course of the development of impersonal constructions to personal constructions. My aim is to answer the following questions: First, was the reflexive use of verbs copied from Old French new to the Middle English system? Second, what is the syntactic and semantic relation between ME impersonal and OF reflexive constructions? I will first examine the reflexive construction in Old English and Old French to answer the first question. I will then deal with the second question taking a closer look at both constructions in Middle English. Supported by lexicon-based and corpus-based small-scale studies of the psych verb remembren I will provide an analysis of the syntactic and semantic properties of the verb in both constructions and show that what they have in common is an intransitive structure where the subject is an experiencer, and middle semantics. I will finally address possible effects of language contact through translations, before I conclude.

scholarly journals Menyikapi Ulul Albab dalam Alquran

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Armyn Hasibuan
Keyword(s):  
Social Education ◽  
Health Politics ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The People ◽  
Interpretation Method

This paper reveals the meaning of ulul albab by looking at the previous verse and then using the thematic interpretation method. The results obtained from people who are able to read, study, and take sociological and theological value, from the cosmos or universe phenomena that made him have collected the divine by integrating remembrance and thought as well as useful works of art. People who already have the title of ulul al chapters will always be the foremost being drafter, insfirator, motivator and figures who initiate matters which are the benefit of the people in various fields, such as social, social, education, health, politics, law and others.

scholarly journals Abortion Based on Moral’s Catholic in the Light of Ensiklik Evangelium Vitae

EMBRIO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-118
Author(s):  
Eugenius Ervan Sardono
Keyword(s):  
Catholic Church ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Church ◽  
Interpretation Method ◽  
The Catholic Church

The main focus of this article is to parse abortion in light of Catholic morals. The church authorities base their teachings in the encyclical, as one of these Catholic moral teachings is contained in the evangelium vitae. Abortion is a social phenomenon that has existed for a long time and is a hot topic of conversation. Abortion is divided into two, namely provocative and spontaneous abortion. In this study, the authors focused on the review of provocate abortion. The purpose of this article is (1) to elaborate on the reality of abortion in light of the Encyclical Evangelium Vitae, (2) How does the Encyclical Evangelium Vitae reinforce the concept of life and (3) What does the Catholic Church teach about abortion and its contribution to the world of health? This paper analyzes the abortion phenomenon with the text interpretation method, a phenomenological study of qualitative studies. Based on what is found, that the Catholic Church has a great concern with issues that violate the right to life. So, it can be concluded that, for whatever reason the Catholic Church still rejects abortion.

scholarly journals Absolute Participial Construction Theory: Controversial Issues

2022 ◽  
pp. 177-190
Author(s):  
Yulia Bogoyavlenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Old French ◽  
French Language ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Latin Language ◽  
Corpus Data ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
Syntactic Optionality

The study focuses on current problems associated with the evolution of absolute participial construction and its linguistic status in the French language. It has been established that, borrowed from classical Latin, the absolute construction with an ablative was accepted to the Old French language, presumably in the 13 th –14 th centuries thanks to translations from the Latin language. Widely used in literature, the construction caused disputes among grammarians and only at the beginning of the 20 th century it was recognized as normative. In the second part of the article, a review of the Russian and foreign scientific literature is made, the most controversial issues and the author's own position based on corpus data are formulated. The properties inherent in all types of absolute participial constructions are determined: binarity, semantic duality, expression of predominantly temporary, causal meaning or value of an accompanying action, mobility, syntactic optionality in relation to a matrix sentence, the possibility of functioning only as part of a complex sentence. It was revealed that this construction is an economical formal way of expressing a proposition based on a secondary predicative connection. The features of constructions with present participles, past participles and complex past participles are analyzed. The conclusion is made about the need for a differentiated approach to the analysis of these types of absolute structures. The prospect of further studies of linguistic structures is shown.

Non destructive testing of works of art by terahertz analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 21001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Luc Bodnar ◽  
Jean-Jacques Metayer ◽  
Kamel Mouhoubi ◽  
Vincent Detalle
Keyword(s):  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
Non Destructive

Measurement of Renal Parenchymal Transit Time of 99mTc-MAG3 Using Factor Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (04) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Yester ◽  
Eva Dubovsky ◽  
C. D. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Transit Time ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Initial Slope ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Appearance Time ◽  
Activity Curve ◽  
System Factor ◽  
Collecting System

Renal parenchymal transit time of the recently introduced radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MAG3 (mercaptoacetylglycylglylcylglycinel) was measured in 37 kidneys, using factor analysis to separate parenchymal activity from that in the collecting system. A new factor algorithm was employed, based on prior interpolative background subtraction and use of the fact that the initial slope of the collecting system factor time-activity curve must be zero. The only operator intervention required was selection of a rectangular region enclosing the kidney (by identifying two points at opposite corners). Transit time was calculated from the factor time-activity curves both by deconvolution of the parenchymal factor curve and also by measuring the appearance time for collecting system activity from the collecting system factor curve. There was substantial agreement between the two methods. Factor analysis led to a narrower range of normal values than a conventional cortical region-of-interest method, presumably by decreasing crosstalk from the collecting system. In preliminary trials, the parenchymal transit time did not well separate four obstructed from seventeen unobstructed kidneys, but it successfully (p <0.05) separated six transplanted kidneys with acute rejection or acute tubular necrosis from 10 normal transplants.

Artistic-professional strategies in the music sector. The case of the jazz scene in Barcelona

2020 ◽  
pp. 145-163
Author(s):  
Marta Casals Balaguer
Keyword(s):  
Research Methods ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Artistic Identity ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Creation

This article aims to analyse the strategies that jazz musicians in Barcelona adopt to develop their artistic careers. It focuses on studying three main areas that influ-ence the construction of their artistic-professional strategies: a) the administrative dimension, characterized mainly by management and promotion tasks; b) the artistic-creative dimension, which includes the construction of artistic identity and the creation of works of art; and c) the social dimension within the collective, which groups together strategies related to the dynamics of cooperation and col-laboration between the circle of musicians. The applied methodology came from a qualitative perspective, and the main research methods were semi-structured inter-views conducted with active professional musicians in Barcelona and from partic-ipant observation.

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