scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the use of digital technologies in organizations: regional aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Minashkin ◽  
P. E. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Purpose of the study. The digitization of the economy transforms the ways of delivering and consuming goods and services, which in turn affects all spheres of human activity. The field of electronic commerce is a relatively young area of statistical observation, therefore, at present, researchers, government officials, business representatives and other interested persons lack statistical information, which, in turn, helps to study the economic, social and environmental consequences of the digitized world. The purpose of this study is a quantitative description of the development trends and the degree of regional differentiation of electronic commerce in the Russian Federation in the context of international comparisons.Materials and methods. The article used the official statistical information of Rosstat and Eurostat, on the basis of which the trends in the development of electronic interaction in the business sphere were analyzed and tools were proposed for a quantitative description of regional digital gaps in the regions of Russia and the European Union countries for 2010–2017. As quantitative characteristics of regional differentiation, statistical indicators of variation and localization indicators were used (based on Gini and Lorentz coefficients). Results. The analysis conducted in the study showed the consistency of assessments of the regional digital divide based on economic and statistical indicators. This approach expands the possibilities for an in-depth quantitative description of the processes occurring in the field of digital trading. In addition, it was possible to identify the level of development of e-commerce in Russia in comparison with the leading economies of the European Union, as well as identify the scale of penetration of broadband Internet access among organizations, the involvement of Russian regions and European countries in the processes of placing and receiving orders for goods and services in the global network. According to the results of the study, it should be concluded that despite the obvious leading position of some European countries not only in comparison with Russian regions, but also on a global scale, the development of e-commerce in Russia and the European Union occurs at a comparable pace. It should also be noted that in the case of Russia, this development is more homogeneous in terms of regional differentiation.Conclusion. Despite the fact that digitalization is transforming both business and personal life, there is currently an extremely small amount of information that helps quantify the economic, social and environmental consequences of this phenomenon. In order to further improve the statistical accounting of the digital economy in general and aspects of electronic commerce in particular, at this stage it is necessary: to determine the nature, structure, characteristics, elements, levels of control, movement of the digital economy’s commodity money supply for statistical purposes; identify specific digital technologies, their use in sectors of the economy and their contribution to the gross domestic product; develop a system of statistical indicators on the basis of state programs and strategies, the current methodology of statistical accounting of the information society, international recommendations and development of quantitative measurement of non-governmental organizations.

scholarly journals The Development of an Information Society and Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the Context of Selected Documents of the EU and International Organisations

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
Jacek Hibner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
International Exchange ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Trade Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Aspects

Due to the rapidly growing use of the Internet, the development of electronic commerce (defined by the World Trade Organization as “the production, distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and services by electronic means”1) has become one of the key aspects of today’s sustained growth. It influences productivity, facilitates the international movement of goods and services, and stimulates export and import trade. The European Union, as well as many multinational organisations, is working towards the harmonisation of their rules, and to facilitate and streamline this kind of international exchange. In this article, the author presents selected documents on electronic commerce published by the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the International Chamber of Commerce and the European Union since 1994.

23. Freedom of Establishment and to Provide Services

EU Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 832-888
Author(s):  
Paul Craig ◽  
Gráinne de Búrca
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Economic Interest ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Freedom Of Establishment ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
General Economic Interest ◽  
The Uk

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) has two separate chapters on self-employed persons who move on a permanent or temporary basis between Member States: the chapters on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services. The central principles governing freedom of establishment and the free movement of services are laid down in the TFEU and have been developed through case law. Important developments have also been brought about through secondary legislation in sectors such as insurance, broadcasting, financial services, electronic commerce, telecommunications, and other ‘services of general economic interest’. This chapter focuses on the broad constitutional principles applicable to every sector. The UK version contains a further section analysing issues concerning freedom of establishment and the provision of services between the EU and the UK post-Brexit.

Avatar-Based Control and Development of Neuron Multi-Functional Platforms for Transformation Processes in the Digital Economy

2020 ◽  
pp. 231-247
Author(s):  
Vardan Mkrttchian ◽  
Serge V. Chernyshenko ◽  
Ekaterina Aleshina
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Transformation Models ◽  
Triple H ◽  
Transformation Processes ◽  
Technological Platforms ◽  
Functioning Mechanism

The diverse sectors of the economy are subject to transformational processes in the digital economy. The reason for the rapid digital progress based on a functioning mechanism and the great attention to this transformation are the only economic reasons for reducing the costs of the transformation elements that are present in every product and, along with the transformation, affect mainly all sectors of the economy. For example, in the European Union there is a Permanent Forum on the digital teaching of environmental disciplines. In authors' opinion, the existing transformation models are extremely useful in connection with the decision of Russia and the EAEU member countries on the transformation of Digital Economy. This chapter sets the task of managing on the basis of avatars and developing neural multifunctional technological platforms for transformation processes in Digital Economy as based on the analysis of world experience in the use of digital technologies in teaching environmental disciplines and Triple H Avatar.

Will the Sparks Fly? The Role of the European Union in the Liberalisation of the Electricity Industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 239-277
Author(s):  
Angus Johnston
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electricity Industry ◽  
Electricity Supply ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Market Opening ◽  
Complex Combination ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
The Impact

The impact of the increasing liberalisation of the energy sector in general and electricity supply in particular is hard to deny. Yet just a few short years ago, such developments were almost unthinkable. A complex combination of factors has led to an increasingly favourable political and economic climate for market opening and competition. However, the benefits of these developments remain distinctly unevenly spread throughout Europe, while the potential difficulties that an unchecked liberalisation process can cause are slowly coming to the fore. The challenge faced by the European Union in this sector is to promote these developments while remaining alive to their potential social and environmental consequences.

Business to Consumer (B2C) E-Commerce Decade Evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athanasios Drigas ◽  
Panagiotis Leliopoulos
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Business To Consumer ◽  
B2c Electronic Commerce ◽  
The Way

This paper is a review on Business to Consumer (B2C) electronic commerce (e-commerce) and it studies its evolution over the last decade. The Internet characteristics that affect B2C are the Internet growth, which at first includes the number of Internet users and secondly, the infrastructure, which is basically the quality and speed of the lines. Moreover, the way the Internet growth has affected the B2C e-commerce growth over the last ten years is studied in three major countries-areas. The USA because it is an Internet developed country with vast e-commerce sales, China because it is a rapidly developing Internet country with a large number of users and fast e-commerce activity growth in the last decade and finally, the European Union, because of its diversity in Internet and e-commerce growth. This paper focuses on the aforementioned three geographic areas and extracts its conclusions from the observations of B2C behavior growth in these areas.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Recent Financial Crisis' Impact on the Retail Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the USA and in Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-78
Author(s):  
Tomasz Czajkowski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Data ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
International Companies

The aim of this article is to compare and assess the impact of the recent financial crisis on the retail electronic commerce in the economies of the European Union, the USA and Poland. Therefore the selected data from the biggest international companies connected with the retail electronic commerce from the years 2007 and 2008 in comparison to the previous year, and the selected economic data from the economies of the USA, the European Union and Poland till the year 2009, concerning the utilization and value of the electronic commerce trade and the number of people doing shopping online, and conclusions drawn from the analyses of those data are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals CO2 Emission trade in the European Union and Hungary

2007 ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Nikolett Szőllősi ◽  
Csaba Juhász ◽  
János Tamás
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Environmental Economic ◽  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

The environmental policy of the European Union focuses on decreasing emission of greenhouse gases. However there is no knowledge about the effect and the operation of the environmental economic methods which could efficiently influence this process. Therefore, practical emission trade was investigated. Recently, the commerce of AUEs started to change in Hungary, as well. Most transactions are made by a broker. Electronic commerce, which can be made with or without a broker, is spreading. The benefit of this form is that it is simple and cheap, in spite of the entrance fee of the stock exchange. This study could help to utilize carbon quotas in different types of commerce.

scholarly journals Sushi barcoding in the UK: another kettle of fish

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara G. Vandamme ◽  
Andrew M. Griffiths ◽  
Sasha-Ann Taylor ◽  
Cristina Di Muri ◽  
Elizabeth A. Hankard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Choice ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Retail Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Critically Endangered Species ◽  
Coi Barcoding ◽  
The Uk

Although the spread of sushi restaurants in the European Union and United States is a relatively new phenomenon, they have rapidly become among the most popular food services globally. Recent studies indicate that they can be associated with very high levels (>70%) of fish species substitution. Based on indications that the European seafood retail sector may currently be under better control than its North American counterpart, here we investigated levels of seafood labelling accuracy in sushi bars and restaurants across England. We used the COI barcoding gene to screen samples of tuna, eel, and a variety of other products characterised by less visually distinctive ‘white flesh’. Moderate levels of substitution were found (10%), significantly lower than observed in North America, which lends support to the argument that public awareness, policy and governance of seafood labels is more effective in the European Union. Nevertheless, the results highlight that current labelling practice in UK restaurants lags behind the level of detail implemented in the retail sector, which hinders consumer choice, with potentially damaging economic, health and environmental consequences. Specifically, critically endangered species of tuna and eel continue to be sold without adequate information to consumers.

scholarly journals Pirkuma līguma objekta izpratne jauno patērētāju pirkuma direktīvu gaismā

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-27
Author(s):  
Jānis Kārkliņš ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Free Movement Of Goods ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
High Level ◽  
New Consumer

One of the objectives of the European Union is to create an internal market in which the free movement of goods and services is ensured. At the same time, by ensuring the free movement of goods and services, the European Union has a duty to promote a high level of consumer protection. In order to achieve both of these goals at the same time, the European Union has adopted, among other things, a significant number of directives, which the Latvian legislator has mostly transposed into the Consumer Rights Protection Law. Nevertheless, the development of digital technologies has made it necessary to lay down special rules in the event that the subject of the contract contains digital elements. Taking into account the above, this article provides analysis of the content of the new consumer sales directives (2019/770, 2019/771), their implementa­tion as much as possible in connection with the existing Latvian legal system, as well as views some legal issues related to the implementation of directives in Latvia.

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