scholarly journals Procesy zarządzania ryzykiem ekologicznym

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Marta Dołęga ◽  
Krzysztof Biernat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
Potential Risks

Risk management relies on identification, estimation, control and finance of potential risks. Excient process of management against alternate of ecological threat it’s people and nature resources protection before threats related to pollution of water, air, soil and other components of environment, which balance has been broken by reason of pronouncement of unexpected natural phenomenon, industrial failure and human activities. Negative environmental results are caused in case of pronouncement of threat damage to environmental component pollutions and ecosystems changes.

MENGELOLA RESIKO DENGAN PRODUK DERIVATIF

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandes Rifa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Value At Risk ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Market Risks ◽  
Hedging Strategies ◽  
Operational Hedging ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Derivative Products

The main objective of risk management is to minimize the potential for losses (risk) arising from unexpected changes in currency rates, credit, commodities and equities. One of the risks faced by companies is market risk (value at risk). This article aims to explain that risk management can be one of them by using derivative products. Derivative transactions is very useful for business people who want to hedge (hedging) against a commodity, which always experience price changes from time to time. There are three strategies that can be used to hedge the balance sheet hedging strategy, operational hedging strategies and contractual hedging strategies. Staregi contractual hedging is a form of protection that is done by forming a contractual hedging instruments in order to provide greater flexibility to managers in managing the potential risks faced by foreign currency. Most of these contractual hedging instrument in the form of derivative products. The management can enhance shareholder value by controlling risk. -Party investors and other interested parties hope that the financial manager is able to identify and manage market risks to be faced. If the value of the firm equals the present value of future cash flows, then risk management can be justified. 

scholarly journals What Started Your Labor? Responses From Mothers in the Third Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit L. Bovbjerg ◽  
Kelly R. Evenson ◽  
Chyrise Bradley ◽  
John M. Thorp
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
The Third ◽  
Maternal Illness ◽  
Nutrition Study ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Emotional Trigger ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Specific Trigger

Many behaviors and substances have been purported to induce labor. Using data from the Third Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition cohort, we focus on 663 women who experienced spontaneous labor. Of the women who reported a specific labor trigger, 32% reported physical activity (usually walking), 24% a clinician-mediated trigger, 19% a natural phenomenon, 14% some other physical trigger (including sexual activity), 12% reported ingesting something, 12% an emotional trigger, and 7% maternal illness. With the exceptions of walking and sexual intercourse, few women reported any one specific trigger, although various foods/substances were listed in the “ingesting something” category. Discussion of potential risks associated with “old wives’ tale” ways to induce labor may be warranted as women approach term.

RISK MANAGEMENT OF EMERGENCIES OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL INFORMATIZATION

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamed Rashed Sayed Abdullah Alnuaimi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Risk Management System ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business Structure

Modern processes in a society increasingly began to take on the character of emergencies, namely, the situation in a certain territory, which developed as a result of an accident, a dangerous natural phenomenon, a catastrophe, the spread of a disease, a natural or other disasters that may or did entail human casualties, damage to health people or the environment, significant material losses and disruption of the living conditions of people. At the current time, such a situation is the COVID-19 pandemic, which has already claimed the lives of many people and brought significant economic consequences, including a complete shutdown of the activities of business structures. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual framework for a risk management system for emergency situations, which can ensure the normal operation of a business structure and prevent its death in the event of an emergency event of any nature. The author analyzed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on society and the activities of business structures as one of the latest and most striking examples of emergencies. The analysis revealed that this event could completely destroy the business; therefore, the primary and indispensable criterion for the normal viability of a modern business structure is the ability of top management, based on a strictly scientific basis, to predict, carry out prevention, rationally control and effectively manage risks. Based on the analysis, the author proposed conceptual risk management of emergencies for business structures in the context of global informatization of digitalization. The proposed system is based on the fact that modern processes in society are a symbiosis of two concepts - emergency situations and "black swan", i.e. this is difficult to predict an event that has significant financial and material losses and a violation of the living conditions of an economic entity up to its complete dysfunction. The proposed comprehensive emergency risk management system will allow neutralizing two main and most ambitious consequences: catastrophic losses (financial, labour) and suddenness of the event.

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI AUDIT INTERNAL TERHADAP MANAGEMEN RISIKO

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Sofyan Hadinata
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Risk Control ◽  
Business Activity ◽  
Audit Process ◽  
Internal Auditor ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Potential Risks

AbstractRisks always exist in a business activity of an organization. Risks are closely related to the differences between the results and the expectations. Risk management focuses on the anticipatory actions by recognizing potential risks and influences. Risk management is part of the entity’s internal control in which the main responsibility is in the hand of the company manager or the entity. Internal auditor as the employee or the internal party has the duty to implement the risk management. Internal auditor conducts an audit process towards internal control and gives assurance in the process of risk management. The internal auditor who takes part in consultation role can assist the organization in identifying, evaluating, and implementing relevant risk management and risk control methodologies. Risk management procedures are identifying risks, constructing plans, and determining solutions. Some of the solutions are avoiding, minimizing, removing, or accepting the risks. Keywords: risk, anticipatory, internal  controlAbstrakRisiko melekat pada suatu aktivitas bisnis organisasi. Risiko terkait erat antara ketidaksesuaian hasil dengan yang diharapkan. Managemen risiko merupakan suatu tindakan untuk mengurangi ketidakpastian yang berfokus pada tindakan antisipasi/pencegahan, dengan cara mengidentifikasi risiko yang mungkin terjadi sekaligus dampak yang mungkin ditimbulkan. Managemen risiko merupakan bagian dari pengendalian internal entitas yang tanggung jawab utamanya di tangan manager perusahaan atau entitas. Auditor internal selaku pegawai atau pihak internal perusahaan juga memiliki tugas atau kewajiban atas pelaksanaan managemen risiko. Audit internal melakukan proses audit terhadap pengendalian internal dan memberikan keyakinan terhadap proses managemen risiko. Auditor internal memiliki peran konsultasi yang dapat membantu organisasi dalam mengidentifikasi, mengevaluasi, dan menerapkan metodologi managemen risiko dan pengendalian yang relevan. Langkah-langkah yang harus dilakukan dalam managemen risiko adalah identifikasi risiko, membuat perencanaan, dan menentukan cara penanganannya. Penangannya risiko dapat dilakukan dengan cara yaitu menghindari, mengurangi, memindahkan, atau menerima risiko tersebut.Kata kunci: risiko, antisipasi/pencegahan, pengendalian internal

scholarly journals Risk Management System in PT. Unilever Indonesia, Tbk

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Rizky Amalia Sinulingga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Internal Audit ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Business Results ◽  
Cleaning Agents ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Declining Demand ◽  
Potential Risks

Unilever is a multinational company produced various products which are foods, beverages, cleaning agents and personal care. One most important BoD duty are responsible for identifying and evaluating the company’s exposure to risks, and ensuring that potential risks are effectively mitigated. Effective risk management is fundamental for great business management, and Unilever Indonesia’s success as an organization depends on company ability to identify and exploit the key risks and opportunities for the business. Internal assurance and compliance monitoring are in place to review the strategy risk setting. Internal independent re-assurance (internal audit and corporate audit) and external re-assurance play a key role in ensuring that operational risks and business execution risks are properly addressed and managed. This research aims to describe the Unilever business risk matrix in the recent risk environment and concerned were assigned to manage the risks within their respective streams. The result show, the highest risk that Unilever faced is high competition because competitors have more differentiated products and declining demand for the company product. The mitigation must be implemented to reduce the loss. The company should monitor external market trends and collect feedback from consumer, Implemented research and development function to translate the trends, Regularly update business forecast of business results and cash flows and rebalance investment priorities, and also Flexible business model allows the company to adapt all portfolio and respond to develop new offerings.

scholarly journals Pengukuran Manajemen Risiko Teknologi Informasi dengan Metode Octtave-S

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 917
Author(s):  
Henny Hendarti ◽  
Maryani Maryani
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Reading Materials ◽  
Risk Research ◽  
Potential Risks

The purpose of this paper is to measure risks to identify company's assets and analyze risks, and to do strategic planning of security protection and minimize risk. Research used case study by reading materials dealing with the OCTAVE-S method. Observation was done directly to the relating parties through an interview, as well as using a questionnaire based on the OCTAVE-S method. The result obtained from this research is risk management of information technology in order to minimize the risks. Based on the findings obtained, it is expected company can identify potential risks and mitigate them efficiently and effectively.

scholarly journals Estimation of Maximum Potential Losses for Digital Banking Transaction Risks Using the Extreme Value-at-Risks Method

Risks ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Moch Panji Agung Saputra ◽  
Sukono ◽  
Diah Chaerani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Operational Risk ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
System Failures ◽  
Operational Risks ◽  
Data Value ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
Financial Transactions

The application of industry 4.0 in banking presents many challenges, with several operational risks related to downtime and timeout services due to system failures. One of the operational risk management steps is to estimate the value of the maximum potential losses. The purpose of this study is to estimate the maximum potential losses for digital banking transaction risks. The method used for estimating risks is the EVaR method. There are several steps in this study. The first step is to resample the data using MEBoot. This process is a simulation of the operational risk loss data of digital banking. Next, the threshold value is determined to obtain the extreme data value. Then, a Kolmogorov–Smirnov test is conducted to fit the data with the GPD. Afterward, the GPD parameter is estimated. Then, EVaR is calculated using a portfolio approach to obtain a combination of risk values as maximum potential losses. The analysis results show that the maximum potential loss is IDR144,357,528,750.94. The research results imply that the banks need to pay attention to the maximum potential losses of digital financial transactions as a reference for risk management. Therefore, banks can anticipate the adequacy of reserve funds for these potential risks.

scholarly journals Land Use Activities and Their Effects on Soil Erosion on the Slopes of Kajulu Hills, Kisumu County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Otieno, J. ◽  
Otieno, A. C. ◽  
Tonui, K. W
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Natural Phenomenon ◽  
Mountainous Regions ◽  
The World ◽  
The Hill

Soil erosion is a natural phenomenon, but human activities accelerate it between ten to forty times the natural occurrences. It therefore calls for mitigating measure to curb the effects of erosion since soils form at a slower rate than they are destroyed. A study on land use activities and their effects on soil erosion was conducted in the upland ecosystem in Kenya, Kajulu hills. The study assessed the effectiveness of the mitigation measures adopted by the residents to ease the effects erosion on the hill slopes. A sample size of 295 households out of 1600 households engaged in various mitigating practices was used. The study collected data on the magnitude of soil (kg) lost from the arable lands using collector ditch technique. The data were analyzed using frequency distribution tables and Man U-test. The result showed a double amount (1.198kg/m2) of soil lost on the arable land without mitigation measures as compared to plots under cut off ditches (0,615kg/m2) and vegetative strips (0.904kg/m2) with Man U=7. These findings were above the world wide estimation of soil erosion on arable mountainous regions which range between 1.3-40.kg/m2/year (13-40T/Ha/year) as it was based on one rainy season.

Human Reproductive Cell Cryopreservation, Storage, Handling, and Transport: Risks and Risk Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (05) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mina Alikani ◽  
Lodovico Parmegiani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Frozen Embryo Transfer ◽  
Large For Gestational Age ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Art And Medicine ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Contractual Obligations

AbstractMillions of human oocytes and embryos are stored in thousands of locations across the globe. This inventory continues to grow as cryopreservation becomes more successful and more widely applied. The results of studies assessing pregnancy and neonatal outcomes following frozen embryo transfer (FET) have been encouraging, showing lower incidences of small for gestational age neonates and preterm birth compared with fresh transfers. However, many of these studies have also shown that the odds of large for gestational age births and macrosomia are higher after FET. The origin of these conditions remains unclear. Cryostorage presents many potential risks to the cryopreserved cells/tissues, including loss of viability and contamination, but risks are faced also by care providers—for example, injury and financial liability—and by patients—for example, accidental loss of their reproductive tissues, the burden of embryos they no longer wish to use and failing to meet their contractual obligations. Studies are urgently needed to explore and understand all dimensions of cryostorage to help ART clinics develop effective strategies to manage associated risks. The future of cryostorage, as for many other areas of ART and medicine, is automation.

scholarly journals The current demand for the insurability of liability for damage to the natural environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
E. Vávrová
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Solvency Ii ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Enterprise Risk ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Potential Damage

Since 2004, the basic document which has governed liability for damage to the natural environment in the European Union is the Environmental Liability Directive No. 2004/35/EC, as amended by the subsequent regulation No. 2006/21/EC. The main purpose of the legislation was to ensure that the entity responsible for the damage pays all costs for rectifying its consequences. If it concerns damage to natural environment, the operator must undertake measures for rehabilitation, replacement and regeneration of the damaged natural resources. The primary replacement, which returns the damaged natural resources to their original state, may be differentiated from complementary replacement as compensation in the case in which the primary replacement has not provided an adequate reparation, and finally compensatory replacement – compensation for the temporary loss of natural conditions. This paper aims at an analysis of the possible means for eliminating risks due to the liability for environmental damage caused by the actions of an operator whose activities potentially threaten natural environment and may cause the biodiversity damage. Risks are assessed with regard to the risk insurability criteria for potential damage to the natural environment. The importance of risk management is stressed in the sophisticated form known as the Enterprise Risk Management. Risk management is becoming increasingly important as a part of the Solvency II concept, currently in preparation, whose first and second pillars accentuate risk management in financial institutions and the consistent quantification of the obvious, hidden and potential risks.

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