scholarly journals Chemical characterization methods for biodegradable organic wastes with relevance for the composting process. Case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Gina Alina Catrina ◽  
◽  
Lidia Kim ◽  
Agnes Serbanescu ◽  
Georgiana Cernica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Biodegradable Waste ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Waste Mixture

The study aimed to develop some methods for the compositional characterization of biodegradable waste with relevance to the composting process at the laboratory level. For testing, four waste fractions were selected, such as waste-based on dehydrated sludge, waste from parks (leaves, branches), market waste (mixture of vegetable and fruit), and cardboard waste. For metals and phosphorus, several microwave digestion methods were applied. The ammonium nitrogen content (NH4-N) was determined using a number of extraction procedures (water, CaCl2, and KCl). Three certified reference materials were used for testing the validity of the results. Recovery percentages higher than 90% were obtained. The developed and validated methods are suitable for biodegradable waste characterization used in composting processes.

Physico-chemical Characterization of Hydrochloric Acid-treated Kaolin Clay: An Industry Approach as a Potential Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-213
Author(s):  
Awinash Kumar ◽  
Pradip Lingfa
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Kaolin Clay ◽  
Bending Vibrations ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Tga And Dsc

Aim and Objective: This study explains the FT-IR, XRD, XRF, SEM/EDX, TGA, and DSC/DTA characterization of commercially available kaolin clay. The objective of this paper is to explore the prominent utilization of kandites clay and useful chemical aspects for the modification of kaolin clay minerals. Materials and Methods: The untreated kaolin sample has been procured in this experimental work from AksharChem, Gujrat, India. The kaolin clay was treated with 4M hydrochloric acid. FT-IR, XRD, XRF, SEM/EDX, TGA, and DSC/DTA characterization methods have been used. Results: Loss on ignition was found at 10.89%. The fingerprint region of the acid-treated sample has broad and more bending vibrations than untreated samples. The high weight percentage of Ti and CaCO3 were spotted in the scanning electron micrograph by both atomic % and weight %. The FT-IR revealed the functional group of Al-O, A1-OH, and Si-O. Conclusion: The morphology indicates that the presences of large particles are in the form of agglomerates. It was found that impurity like scandium vanished and manganese traced by the same atomic % 0.01 of zinc which had no presence after acid treatment. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates the sharp increments in heat flow in-between temperatures 0°C to 200°C and consequently increments in between 500°C to 550°C, a suitable range for the pyrolysis. Low amount of alumina and high amount of silica has been found out. TGA and DTA analysis satisfy the waste plastic valorization temperature ranges.

Characterization of Galvanic Sludges Waste Derived of the Metal Plating Industry from Cariri Region, Northeastern of Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 930 ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cícero Lucas Martins de Oliveira ◽  
Francisco José de Paula Filho ◽  
João Victor Barbosa Moura ◽  
Daniel Muller G. Freitas ◽  
Marcelo Oliveira Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption ◽  
Galvanic Sludge ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Trace Constituents

In this study, galvanic sludge waste (GSW) was characterized in order to identify its chemical and structural properties, allowing indicate reuse, treatment and final disposal methods, and evaluate the environmental hazards. The characterization of the galvanic sludge sample originating from a surface treatment plant from galvanic industries of semi-jewels in the Cariri region, NE of Brazil was performed. The chemical characterization of the samples by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) showed that Zn and Cu are the predominant elements. However, elements like Ni, Cd, Mn, Fe, Cr and Co are present as a minority or as trace constituents. The concentrations of residues were higher, except Ni, in the LM industry (27 g Zn.kg -1, 194 g Cu.kg -1, 8 g Fe.kg-1, 538 mg Cd.kg -1, 227 mg Ni.kg -1, 73.5 mg Cr.kg1, 14 mg Co.kg-1) in relation to LJ (11 g Zn.kg-1, 3 g Fe.kg-1, 102 g Cu.kg-1, 2 g Cd.kg-1, 141 mg Ni.kg-1, 11 mg Co.kg-1), denoting that there is no uniform standard in the treatment process of the effluent from baths for Metal deposition. According to the standard procedure (Brazilian norm NBR10004/04) the elements Cd and Cr are the main constituents responsible for the classification of the residues as hazardous. The X-ray diffractogram of the dried galvanic sludge only revealed the presence of BaSO4 and CuO as crystalline phases, a result which agrees with the results from FT-IR. The results point to an attractive way of valorizing GSW avoiding the negative impact associated with its disposal in landfills.

scholarly journals Elemental concentration via portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry: Assessing the impact of water content

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monna Lysa Teixeira Santana ◽  
Geila Santos Carvalho ◽  
Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme ◽  
Nilton Curi ◽  
Bruno Teixeira Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Atomic Number ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Corrected Data ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis can be considered one of the main recent advances for chemical characterization of earth materials. The water content of the samples can affect the pXRF performance. As a novelty, we aimed to establish relationships (linear regression) between the effect of water content on pXRF results and atomic number (Z) of the elements. Three certified reference materials (CRM) were investigated: OREAS 100a, OREAS 101a, and OREAS 101b. These materials were saturated (0.68 g g-1) with distilled water and left to air-dry naturally. During the drying, the elemental concentrations (C) were determined at different water contents using a pXRF spectrometer. For each water content, the ratio Cwet/Cdry was determined and plotted against the water content. The attenuation coefficient (σ) was also determined. High σ values mean more influence of water content upon measurement element concentration. The obtained recovery rates allowed a qualitative determination. The concentration for the most elements reduced linearly with increasing water content. A predictable behavior of the water content on pXRF results as function of atomic number was not found. Elements identified by Lα spectral line with highest Z were more impacted by water content than elements identified by Kα line with lowest Z. Ti, Cr and Fe was not significantly influenced by water content, and Sr was the most impacted. Our findings contribute to decision-making before characterization earth materials via pXRF, obliging the use of dry samples for determination of impacted elements or by using moisture-corrected data.

scholarly journals Recent Progress on the Characterization of Cellulose Nanomaterials by Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1353
Author(s):  
Qianqian Zhu ◽  
Rui Zhou ◽  
Jun Liu ◽  
Jianzhong Sun ◽  
Qianqian Wang
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Chemical Information ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Cellulose Nanomaterials ◽  
Cellulose Materials

Researches of cellulose nanomaterials have seen nearly exponential growth over the past several decades for versatile applications. The characterization of nanostructural arrangement and local chemical distribution is critical to understand their role when developing cellulose materials. However, with the development of current characterization methods, the simultaneous morphological and chemical characterization of cellulose materials at nanoscale resolution is still challenging. Two fundamentally different nanoscale infrared spectroscopic techniques, namely atomic force microscope based infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and infrared scattering scanning near field optical microscopy (IR s-SNOM), have been established by the integration of AFM with IR spectroscopy to realize nanoscale spatially resolved imaging for both morphological and chemical information. This review aims to summarize and highlight the recent developments in the applications of current state-of-the-art nanoscale IR spectroscopy and imaging to cellulose materials. It briefly outlines the basic principles of AFM-IR and IR s-SNOM, as well as their advantages and limitations to characterize cellulose materials. The uses of AFM-IR and IR s-SNOM for the understanding and development of cellulose materials, including cellulose nanomaterials, cellulose nanocomposites, and plant cell walls, are extensively summarized and discussed. The prospects of future developments in cellulose materials characterization are provided in the final part.

Physical-chemical characterization of metal hydroxides sludge waste obtained from electrocoagulation processes and its application as adsorbent for organic pollutants removal in aqueous solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
Celestino García-Gómez ◽  
Juan Antonio Vidales-Contreras ◽  
Julia Mariana Márquez-Reyes ◽  
Arquímedes Cruz-López ◽  
Santiago Iván Suárez-Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Metal Hydroxides ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organic Pollutants Removal ◽  
Sludge Waste ◽  
Pollutants Removal

Olfactory and Chemical Characterization of Indoor Air-Towards a Psychophysical Model for Air Quality

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitta Berglund ◽  
Ulf Berglund ◽  
Thomas Lindvall ◽  
Helene Nicander-Bredberg
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Chemical Characterization

PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SHEEP NEUROPHYSIN

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Chrétien ◽  
Claude Gilardeau
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Determination ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
Partial Chemical ◽  
Acid Determination

ABSTRACT A protein isolated from ovine pituitary glands has been purified, and its homogeneity assessed by NH2- and COOH-terminal amino acid determination, ultracentrifugation studies, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after carboxymethylation. Its chemical and immunochemical properties are closely similar to those of beef and pork neurophysins, less similar to those of human neurophysins. It contains no tryptophan (like other neurophysins) or histidine (like all except bovine neurophysin-I and human neurophysins). It has alanine at the NH2-terminus and valine at the COOH-terminus. Its amino acid composition is similar to, but not identical with those of porcine and bovine neurophysins.

Laboratory Methods for the Physico-Chemical Characterization of Recombinant Allergens as Reference Standards

Alergologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Mariana Vieru ◽  
Florin-Dan Popescu ◽  
Laura Haidar ◽  
Carmen Bunu-Panaitescu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Reference Standards ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Physico Chemical
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