HIGH EFFICIENCY STRUCTURAL FLOWTHROUGH ROTOR WITH ACTIVE FLAP CONTROL: VOLUME TWO: INNOVATION & COST OF ENERGY

At present, mainly straight grate machines (SGM) and combined facilities grate-tube-type kiln-cooler (GKC) are used for heat-strengthening induration of iron ore pellets. Their total share in the produced iron ore pellets in the world accounts for 93%, of which SGM takes 60% and GKC – 33%, which speaks about high efficiency of both methods of induration. At the same time, when making decision on construction a pelletizing plant, a question of selection of most effective technology of iron ore pellets production by SGM and GKC often arises. Results of comparative analysis of efficiency of technologies of iron ore pellets production by SGM and GKC presented. Features of various ore types pellets induration considered as well as possibilities of ensuring the required quality of finished pellets at application for induration SGM and GKC. Data on maximum productivity of the considered induration facilities, amount of dust, fines formation, emissions of harmful substances into environment and electric energy consumption presented. Importance of a possibility of accounting of fuel type selection, of heat expenses for heat treatment, of expenses for maintenance, capital and operation costs were noted. It was shown that choice of a particular variant of technology should be done at the stage of elaboration feasibility study accounting existing experience of facilities running, availability of fuel types, cost of energy resources, climate zone and assembling solutions.

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Efficiency analysis of hydrodynamic calculations on GPU and CPU clusters

Numerical Methods and Programming (Vychislitel'nye Metody i Programmirovanie) ◽

10.26089/nummet.v17r331 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 329-338

Author(s):

А.В. Сентябов ◽

А.А. Гаврилов ◽

М.А. Кривов ◽

А.А. Дектерев ◽

М.Н. Притула

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Control Volume ◽

Flow Simulation ◽

Efficiency Analysis ◽

Control Volume Method ◽

Hexahedral Meshes ◽

Hydrodynamic Calculations ◽

Volume Method ◽

New Generation

Рассматривается ускорение параллельных гидродинамических расчетов на кластерах с CPU- и GPU-узлами. Для тестирования используется собственный CFD-код SigmaFlow, портированный для расчетов на графических ускорителях с помощью технологии CUDA. Алгоритм моделирования течения несжимаемой жидкости основан на SIMPLE-подобной процедуре и дискретизации с помощью метода контрольного объема на неструктурированных сетках из тексаэдральных ячеек. Сравнение скорости расчета показывает высокую производительность графических ускорителей нового поколения в GPGPU-расчетах. Speedup of parallel hydrodynamic calculations on clusters with CPUs and GPUs is considered. The CFD SigmaFlow code developed by the authors and ported for GPU by means of CUDA is used in test calculations. The incompressible flow simulation is based on a SIMPLE-like procedure and on a discretization by the control volume method on unstructured hexahedral meshes. The performance evaluation shows a high efficiency of the new generation of GPUs for GPGPU calculations.

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Coal Fueled Aero-Derivative Gas Turbine: Design Approach

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations ◽

10.1115/88-gt-119 ◽

1988 ◽

Author(s):

M. W. Horner ◽

P. E. Sabla ◽

S. G. Kimura

Keyword(s):

Gas Turbine ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Development Program ◽

Small Scale ◽

Water Mixture ◽

Coal Fuel ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Annular Combustor ◽

Environmentally Sound ◽

Turbine Design

The direct use of coal as a gas turbine fuel offers the opportunity to burn coal in an environmentally sound manner at a competitive cost of energy. A development program is underway to verify the feasibility of using coal water mixture to fuel an aero-derivative gas turbine. This paper presents the overall program approach, required gas turbine design modifications, and reports the results from small-scale combustor test facilities. The GE LM500 gas turbine was selected for this program because of its high efficiency and size, which is appropriate for transportation and cogeneration markets. The LM500 gas turbine power system design will be modified to accommodate coal fuel and any required emissions control devices. The design for the modified annular combustor is complete and preparations for coal fired tests of a 140 degree annular sector combustor are in progress. The combustor design and test development are being supported by a component test program with a One Nozzle Segment Combustor and a single can combustor LM500 Turbine Simulator. These test facilities are providing results on coal water mixture handling and fuel nozzle design, air staging requirements, component metal temperatures, combustor temperature performance, ash deposition rates, and emissions abatement for NOx, SOx, and particulates.

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BIOREMOVAL OF COPPER(II) VIA HYDROGEN FERMENTATION OF ECOLOGICALLY HAZARDOUS MULTICOMPONENT FOOD WASTE

10.32006/eeep.2020.2.0514 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 5-14

Author(s):

Olesia Havryliuk ◽

Vira Hovorukha ◽

Galina Gladka ◽

Oleksandr Tashyrev

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Control Volume ◽

Lethal Effect ◽

Culture Liquid ◽

Final Phase ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Potential Measurement ◽

Gas Fermentation ◽

Waste Destruction

The environmental pollution by copper and the increasing amount of environmentally hazardous organic waste destroy natural ecosystems and have negative and even lethal effect on living organisms. The chemical techniques of metal containing waste detoxification are expensive and hazardous being the advanced problem today. The aim was to justify theoretically and confirm experimentally the possibility of toxic Cu2+ removal by hydrogen producing microbiome (HPM) via dark hydrogen fermentation of solid multicomponent food waste (MFW). Colorimetric and potentiometric methods were used for pH and redox potential measurement. Volumetric and chromatographic methods were applied to control volume and composition of synthesized gas. Fermentation parameters were calculated with the use of mathematical and statistical ones. The high effectiveness of solid waste destruction and Cu2+ removal was shown by spore forming HPM. The MFW were fastly and effectively digested by the microbiome at the absence of Cu2+. The weight of MFW was 90 times decreased (Kd = 90). The maximum concentration of H2 was 35% and biohydrogen yield was 76 L/kg of MFW counting on absolutely dry weight (ADW). The fermentation process was inhibited by Cu2+ in the form of citrate complex. The biohydrogen yield and efficiency of waste destruction were decreased on 41% (45 L/kg of waste) and 37% (Kd = 57) consequently after addition of 50 ppm Cu2+ to the culture liquid of the bioreactor during the beginning of final phase (50 hours) of MFW fermentation. The effect of complete inhibition of H2 synthesis was obtained in the case of adding 100 ppm Cu2+ to the culture liquid sampled from bioreactor during the final phase (80 hours) of fermentation. Nonetheless, the Cu2+ was bioremoved by HPM with high efficiency up to 99.0 % and 99.5% after 5 hours and 30 hours of fermentation where initially the concentrations of Cu2+ were consequently 50 and 100 ppm. The synthesis of gas was not significantly restored after the addition of Cu2+ in both variants of the experiment. Obtained patterns will be used as a basis for the development of novel universal biotechnologies of metal-containing sewage purification with simultaneous destruction of MFW.

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Combined preliminary–detailed design of wind turbines

Wind Energy Science ◽

10.5194/wes-1-71-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 71-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Pietro Bortolotti ◽

Carlo L. Bottasso ◽

Alessandro Croce

Keyword(s):

Wind Turbines ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Optimization Procedure ◽

Tip Clearance ◽

Full Account ◽

Control Laws ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Holistic Optimization ◽

The Cost ◽

Tower Height

Abstract. This paper is concerned with the holistic optimization of wind turbines. A multi-disciplinary optimization procedure is presented that marries the overall sizing of the machine in terms of rotor diameter and tower height (often termed “preliminary design”) with the detailed sizing of its aerodynamic and structural components. The proposed combined preliminary–detailed approach sizes the overall machine while taking into full account the subtle and complicated couplings that arise due to the mutual effects of aerodynamic and structural choices. Since controls play a central role in dictating performance and loads, control laws are also updated accordingly during optimization. As part of the approach, rotor and tower are sized simultaneously, even in this case capturing the mutual effects of one component over the other due to the tip clearance constraint. The procedure, here driven by detailed models of the cost of energy, results in a complete aero-structural design of the machine, including its associated control laws. The proposed methods are tested on the redesign of two wind turbines, a 2.2 MW onshore machine and a large 10 MW offshore one. In both cases, the optimization leads to significant changes with respect to the initial baseline configurations, with noticeable reductions in the cost of energy. The novel procedures are also exercised on the design of low-induction rotors for both considered wind turbines, showing that they are typically not competitive with conventional high-efficiency rotors.

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Marine Hydrokinetic Turbine Power-Take-Off Design for Optimal Performance and Low Impact on Cost-of-Energy

Volume 8: Ocean Renewable Energy ◽

10.1115/omae2013-10701 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mike J. Beam ◽

Brian L. Kline ◽

Brian E. Elbing ◽

William Straka ◽

Arnold A. Fontaine ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Efficiency ◽

Mechanical Design ◽

High Reliability ◽

Low Cost ◽

Hydraulic Drive ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Good Efficiency ◽

Cost Of Energy ◽

Marine Hydrokinetic ◽

Maintenance Requirements

Marine hydrokinetic devices are becoming a popular method for generating marine renewable energy worldwide. These devices generate electricity by converting the kinetic energy of moving water, wave motion or currents, into electrical energy through the use of a Power-Take-Off (PTO) system. Most PTO systems incorporate a mechanical or hydraulic drive train, power generator and electric control/conditioning system to deliver the generated electric power to the grid at the required state. Like wind turbine applications, the PTO system must be designed for high reliability, good efficiency, long service life with reasonable maintenance requirements, low cost and an appropriate mechanical design for anticipated applied steady and unsteady loads. The ultimate goal of a PTO design is high efficiency, low maintenance and cost with a low impact on the device Cost-of-Energy (CoE).

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GASEOUS FUEL OBTAINING VIA FERMENTATION OF ORGANIC LANDFILL WASTE

10.32006/eeep.2021.1.3648 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 36-48

Author(s):

Vira Hovorukha ◽

Olesia Havryliuk ◽

Galyna Gladka ◽

Bida Iryna ◽

Yanina Danko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Waste ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Control Volume ◽

Industrial Biotechnology ◽

Hydrogen Yield ◽

Methane Fermentation ◽

Fossil Carbon ◽

Gas Fermentation ◽

Low Efficiency ◽

Fermentation Parameters

Fossil carbon-containing fuel is currently one of the most common in industry and economy. The rapid depletion of reserves of this fuel makes it necessary to search for the alternative one. Landfills are a place where methane is spontaneously synthesized due to the decay of organic waste. Controlled and regulated fermentation of the landfill organics can provide biomethane as well as environmental bioremediation. The aim of the work was to study the patterns of methane fermentation of multi component organic waste and optimize the process to increase the efficiency of biomethane synthesis and waste decomposition. Colorimetric and potentiometric methods were used for pH and Eh measurement. Volumetric and chromatographic methods were applied to control volume and composition of synthesized gas. Fermentation parameters were calculated with the use of mathematical and statistical ones. The achievement of high efficiency of methane fermentation of organic waste due to the process regulation was shown. The modeling of unregulated fermentation of organic waste in landfills showed low efficiency of the process. It took 69 days. Weight of waste decreased only 5 times. Hydrogen yield was 5 L/kg of waste. Methane was not synthesized. The regular mass transfer, regulation of the process and waste grinding showed the greatest efficiency. Weight of waste decreased 20 times during only 14 days. Hydrogen yield was 27 L/kg, methane yield was 12 L/kg of waste. Thus, the absence of regulation caused long term decay of waste. The high efficiency is achieved due to regulation of the fermentation process. The results will serve as a basis for the development of industrial biotechnology for the utilization of organic waste to reduce the volume of existing landfills and produce methane energy. This will further allow bioremediation of contaminated areas, obtaining an alternative to fossil fuel biomethane.

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