(Radiopharmaceutical and chemotherapeutic drug technology)

: Conventional delivery of antidiabetic drugs faces many problems like poor absorption, low bioavailability, and drug degradation. Nanoemulsion is a unique drug technology which is very suitable for the delivery of antidiabetic drugs. In recent years the flaws of delivering anti-hypoglycaemic drugs have been overcome by choosing nanoemulsion drug technology. They are thermodynamically stable and also deliver the therapeutic agent for a longer duration. Generally, Nanoemulsions are made up of either oil-in-water or water-in-oil and size of the droplets is from fifty to thousand nanometer. Surfactants are critical substances which are added in the manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Only the surfactants which are approved for human use can be utilized in the manufacturing of nanoemulsions. Generally, the preparation of emulsions includes mixing of the aqueous phase and organic phase and using surfactant with proper agitation. Nanoemulsions are used for antimicrobial drugs, and they are also used in the prophylaxis of cancer, diabetics. Reduction in the droplet size may cause variation in the elastic and optical behaviour of nanoemulsions.

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Synergistic effect of tumor chemo-immunotherapy induced by leukocyte-hitchhiking thermal-sensitive micelles

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-24902-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jing Qi ◽

Feiyang Jin ◽

Yuchan You ◽

Yan Du ◽

Di Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microwave Irradiation ◽

Antitumor Immunity ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drugs ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

A2a Adenosine Receptor ◽

Adenosine Receptor Antagonist ◽

Tumor Immunosuppression ◽

Tumor Immunogenicity ◽

Sch 58261 ◽

Tumor Accumulation

AbstractSome specific chemotherapeutic drugs are able to enhance tumor immunogenicity and facilitate antitumor immunity by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD). However, tumor immunosuppression induced by the adenosine pathway hampers this effect. In this study, E-selectin-modified thermal-sensitive micelles are designed to co-deliver a chemotherapeutic drug (doxorubicin, DOX) and an A2A adenosine receptor antagonist (SCH 58261), which simultaneously exhibit chemo-immunotherapeutic effects when applied with microwave irradiation. After intravenous injection, the fabricated micelles effectively adhere to the surface of leukocytes in peripheral blood mediated by E-selectin, and thereby hitchhiking with leukocytes to achieve a higher accumulation at the tumor site. Further, local microwave irradiation is applied to induce hyperthermia and accelerates the release rate of drugs from micelles. Rapidly released DOX induces tumor ICD and elicits tumor-specific immunity, while SCH 58261 alleviates immunosuppression caused by the adenosine pathway, further enhancing DOX-induced antitumor immunity. In conclusion, this study presents a strategy to increase the tumor accumulation of drugs by hitchhiking with leukocytes, and the synergistic strategy of chemo-immunotherapy not only effectively arrested primary tumor growth, but also exhibited superior effects in terms of antimetastasis, antirecurrence and antirechallenge.

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Gold–Nickel Nanowires as Nanomotors for Cancer Marker Biodetection and Chemotherapeutic Drug Delivery

ACS Applied Nano Materials ◽

10.1021/acsanm.0c03145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 3377-3388

Author(s):

Gozde Yurdabak Karaca ◽

Filiz Kuralay ◽

Emre Uygun ◽

Kadir Ozaltin ◽

Sezin Eren Demirbuken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

Cancer Marker ◽

Nickel Nanowires

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Surfactant tail length dependence of the photophysics and dynamics of a chemotherapeutic drug within anionic micellar aggregates

Journal of Chemical Sciences ◽

10.1007/s12039-021-01899-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Bijan K Paul ◽

Narayani Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Tail Length ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

Length Dependence ◽

Micellar Aggregates

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A Review of the use of Bone Cement in Orthopedic Oncology and the Potential for Local Chemotherapeutic Drug Treatment

Journal of Bone Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100345 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100345

Author(s):

Sunjeev S. Phull ◽

Alireza Rahimnejad Yazdi ◽

Michelle Ghert ◽

Mark R. Towler

Keyword(s):

Drug Treatment ◽

Bone Cement ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

Orthopedic Oncology

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Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect of Inhibitors of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Mitochondrial Complex I, and the Chemotherapeutic Drug, Temozolomide against Glioblastoma Tumorspheres

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020282 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 282

Author(s):

Hun Ho Park ◽

Junseong Park ◽

Hye Joung Cho ◽

Jin-Kyoung Shim ◽

Ju Hyung Moon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Dual Therapy ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

Mitochondrial Complex ◽

Dual Inhibitors ◽

Dual Inhibition ◽

Tumor Bioenergetics

Resident cancer cells with stem cell-like features induce drug tolerance, facilitating survival of glioblastoma (GBM). We previously showed that strategies targeting tumor bioenergetics present a novel emerging avenue for treatment of GBM. The objective of this study was to enhance the therapeutic effects of dual inhibition of tumor bioenergetics by combination of gossypol, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, and phenformin, a biguanide compound that depletes oxidative phosphorylation, with the chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), to block proliferation, stemness, and invasiveness of GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Combination therapy with gossypol, phenformin, and TMZ induced a significant reduction in ATP levels, cell viability, stemness, and invasiveness compared to TMZ monotherapy and dual therapy with gossypol and phenformin. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed up-regulation of genes involved in programmed cell death, autophagy, and protein metabolism and down-regulation of those associated with cell metabolism, cycle, and adhesion. Combination of TMZ with dual inhibitors of tumor bioenergetics may, therefore, present an effective strategy against GBM by enhancing therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms of action.

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Podophyllotoxin: History, Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Biomolecules ◽

10.3390/biom11040603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 603

Author(s):

Zinnia Shah ◽

Umar Farooq Gohar ◽

Iffat Jamshed ◽

Aamir Mushtaq ◽

Hamid Mukhtar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Structure Optimization ◽

Cytokine Storm ◽

Chemotherapeutic Drug ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Almost All ◽

Pharmacologically Active Compounds ◽

Synthetic Derivatives ◽

Related Compounds

Podophyllotoxin, along with its various derivatives and congeners are widely recognized as broad-spectrum pharmacologically active compounds. Etoposide, for instance, is the frontline chemotherapeutic drug used against various cancers due to its superior anticancer activity. It has recently been redeveloped for the purpose of treating cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients. Podophyllotoxin and its naturally occurring congeners have low bioavailability and almost all these initially discovered compounds cause systemic toxicity and development of drug resistance. Moreover, the production of synthetic derivatives that could suffice for the clinical limitations of these naturally occurring compounds is not economically feasible. These challenges demanded continuous devotions towards improving the druggability of these drugs and continue to seek structure-optimization strategies. The discovery of renewable sources including microbial origin for podophyllotoxin is another possible approach. This review focuses on the exigency of innovation and research required in the global R&D and pharmaceutical industry for podophyllotoxin and related compounds based on recent scientific findings and market predictions.

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