Matrix Metalloproteinases in Invertebrates

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1068-1081
Author(s):  
Xi Liu ◽  
Dongwu Liu ◽  
Yangyang Shen ◽  
Mujie Huang ◽  
Lili Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
And Function

Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of metal-dependent endopeptidases which contain a series of conserved pro-peptide domains and catalytic domains. MMPs have been widely found in plants, animals, and microorganisms. MMPs are involved in regulating numerous physiological processes, pathological processes, and immune responses. In addition, MMPs play a key role in disease occurrence, including tumors, cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases. Compared with invertebrate MMPs, vertebrate MMPs have diverse subtypes and complex functions. Therefore, it is difficult to study the function of MMPs in vertebrates. However, it is relatively easy to study invertebrate MMPs because there are fewer subtypes of MMPs in invertebrates. In the present review, the structure and function of MMPs in invertebrates were summarized, which will provide a theoretical basis for investigating the regulatory mechanism of MMPs in invertebrates.

scholarly journals The Importance of GLWamide Neuropeptides in Cnidarian Development and Physiology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshio Takahashi ◽  
Masayuki Hatta
Keyword(s):  
Basic Structure ◽  
Signaling Molecules ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Peptide Signaling ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
And Function ◽  
Potential Use

The peptide-signaling molecules (<50 amino acid residues) occur in a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate organisms, playing pivotal roles in physiological, endocrine, and developmental processes. While some of these peptides display similar structures in mammals and invertebrates, others differ with respect to their structure and function in a species-specific manner. Such a conservation of basic structure and function implies that many peptide-signaling molecules arose very early in the evolutionary history of some taxa, while species-specific characteristics led us to suggest that they also acquire the ability to evolve in response to specific environmental conditions. In this paper, we describe GLWamide-family peptides that function as signaling molecules in the process of muscle contraction, metamorphosis, and settlement in cnidarians. The peptides are produced by neurons and are therefore referred to as neuropeptides. We discuss the importance of the neuropeptides in both developmental and physiological processes in a subset of hydrozoans, as well as the potential use as a seed compound in drug development and aspects related to the protection of corals.

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF WAMP ANTIMICROBIAL PEPTIDES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY PLANT PROTECTION AGENTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 81-83
Author(s):  
E. Istomina ◽  
T. Korostyleva ◽  
L. Scherbakova ◽  
T. Odintsova
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Analysis of the relationship between the structure and function of hevein-like antimicrobial WAMP peptides will serve as a theoretical basis for the development of new biopesticides and drug prototypes based on simpler WAMP derivatives.

Structure and function of channel-forming peptaibols

1993 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. P. Sansom
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Atomic Resolution ◽  
Excitable Cells ◽  
Channel Proteins ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Transport Of Ions ◽  
And Function

Transport of ions through channels is fundamental to a number of physiological processes, especially the electrical properties of excitable cells (Hille, 1992). To understand this process at a molecular level requires atomic resolution structures of channel proteins.

scholarly journals Matrix metalloproteinases: Fold and function of their catalytic domains

2010 ◽  
Vol 1803 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Tallant ◽  
Aniebrys Marrero ◽  
F.Xavier Gomis-Rüth
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Does Thermal Stress Modulate the Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Ruditapes Decussatus Exposed to the Progestin Levonorgestrel?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Mannai ◽  
Leila HMIDA ◽  
Zied BOURAOUI ◽  
Hamadi GUERBEJ ◽  
Tahar GHARRED ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Warning Sign ◽  
Ruditapes Decussatus ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Lysosomal Membrane Stability ◽  
And Function ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Abstract The combined effects of the abiotic factors such as temperature and synthetic progestins on the biochemical and physiological performances of marine clam Ruditapes decssatus under sub-chronic conditions are poorly studied. Here, we investigated the effects of levonorgestrel (1000 ng/l) alone or combined with increasing temperature of 20, 24 and 28°C on the biochemical and physiological responses and the gonad histology of the clam (Ruditapes decussatus) for 28 days. Our results revealed that, in clams treated with levonorgestrel (LNG) alone, there was an impairment of the defense against oxidative stress related to the inductions of CAT, GST and PSH, a reduction in the lysosomal membrane stability, a physiological disturbance via an increase in the level of estradiol, a decrease in the number of gonad oocytes and a reduction in vitellogenin like protein. Furthermore, exposure to heat stress of 20°C, 24°C and 28°C, alone or in combination with LNG, enhanced SOD antioxidant activity which was ineffective in preventing lipoperoxidation and altered clam’s physiological processes of reproduction via dramatic reduction of gonad oocyte numbers and of vitellogenin like protein reserves. Overall, these findings can be taken as a warning sign of temperature and levonorgestrel progestin effect that can lead to effective changes in the structure and function of target vital organs, such as the gonads of the clam Ruditapes decussatus, and this may have implications for the whole organism and populations.

System Reliability Analysis for a Conveying Pipeline with GO Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 889-890 ◽  
pp. 1375-1378
Author(s):  
En Liu ◽  
Sheng Wan Yuan ◽  
Gang Wei Cui ◽  
Kai Zeng ◽  
Xiao Cong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
System Reliability ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
System Optimum ◽  
Reliability Parameters ◽  
System Reliability Analysis ◽  
Go Methodology ◽  
And Function ◽  
Conveying System

The process of system reliability analysis for a conveying system with GO methodology was presented. The reliability criterion for a parallel conveying system was defined, regarding to its specific structure and function. Some new GO operators were defined and their algorithms were derived, considering system reparability. The system GO chart was established based on system diagram. Some important reliability parameters for steady system, such as availability and MTBF can be directly calculated with the GO calculation. The result shows that the proposed process is effective for the reliability analysis of this type conveying system and can provide a theoretical basis for the program decision and repairable system optimum design.

The Insect Circulatory System: Structure, Function, and Evolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián F. Hillyer ◽  
Günther Pass
Keyword(s):  
Translational Medicine ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
System Structure ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Function

Although the insect circulatory system is involved in a multitude of vital physiological processes, it has gone grossly understudied. This review highlights this critical physiological system by detailing the structure and function of the circulatory organs, including the dorsal heart and the accessory pulsatile organs that supply hemolymph to the appendages. It also emphasizes how the circulatory system develops and ages and how, by means of reflex bleeding and functional integration with the immune system, it supports mechanisms for defense against predators and microbial invaders, respectively. Beyond that, this review details evolutionary trends and novelties associated with this system, as well as the ways in which this system also plays critical roles in thermoregulation and tracheal ventilation in high-performance fliers. Finally, this review highlights how novel discoveries could be harnessed for the control of vector-borne diseases and for translational medicine, and it details principal knowledge gaps that necessitate further investigation.

The Structure and Function of Catalytic Domains Within Inositol Polyphosphate 5-Phosphatases

IUBMB Life ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Whisstock ◽  
F. Wiradjaja ◽  
J. E. Waters ◽  
R. Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Inositol Polyphosphate ◽  
Catalytic Domains ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Structure and function of matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
H NAGASE ◽  
R VISSE ◽  
G MURPHY
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Metalloproteinases ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Phosphorylase and the origin of reversible protein phosphorylation

2010 ◽  
Vol 391 (2/3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmond H. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Glycogen Phosphorylase ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Phosphorylase Kinase ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Allosteric Effector ◽  
Reversible Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
And Function

Abstract This article presents a historical account of the discovery of reversible protein phosphorylation. The process was uncovered in the mid-1950s in a study designed to elucidate the complex hormonal regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase. This enzyme was originally thought to be regulated by AMP now known to serve as an allosteric effector. By contrast, hormonal regulation was found to result from a phosphorylation of the protein triggered by Ca2+ and ATP which activate phosphorylase kinase; the reverse reaction is catalyzed by a phosphorylase phosphatase. Although that reaction is extremely simple, it came nevertheless as a complete surprise because essentially nothing was known at that time about the structure and function of phosphoproteins. This study led to the establishment of the first hormonal cascade of successive enzymatic reactions, kinases acting on kinases, initiated by cAMP discovered by Earl Sutherland. It also showed how two different physiological processes (carbohydrate metabolism and muscle contraction) could be regulated in concert. The regulation of phosphorylase was so straightforward that it was thought to represent the prototype for these kinds of interconversions. We know today that it was almost the absolute exception.

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