Electrophysiological Characteristics of the Migraine Brain: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (34) ◽  
pp. 6222-6235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Marucco ◽  
Marco Lisicki ◽  
Delphine Magis
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Abnormal State ◽  
Electrophysiological Testing ◽  
The Future ◽  
Subject Differences

Background: Despite pain being its most prominent feature, migraine is primarily a disorder of sensory processing. Electrophysiology-based research in the field has consistently developed over the last fifty years. Objective: To summarize the current knowledge on the electrophysiological characteristics of the migraine brain, and discuss perspectives. Methods: We critically reviewed the literature on the topic to present and discuss articles selected on the basis of their significance and/or novelty. Results: Physiologic fluctuations within time, between-subject differences, and methodological issues account as major limitations of electrophysiological research in migraine. Nonetheless, several abnormalities revealed through different approaches have been described in the literature. Altogether, these results are compatible with an abnormal state of sensory processing. Perspectives: The greatest contribution of electrophysiological testing in the future will most probably be the characterization of sub-groups of migraine patients sharing specific electrophysiological traits. This should serve as strategy towards personalized migraine treatment. Incorporation of novel methods of analysis would be worthwhile.

Sources in historical dialectology

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Barbara Bába
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Language History ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postdoctoral Research ◽  
The University

Abstract Any scholarly description of Hungarian dialects may only be possible for the time period after the settlement of the Hungarian-speaking population in the Carpathian Basin. Research in historical dialectology has primarily focused on the phonological characterization of 11th-14th century conditions, while in terms of sources, scholars have so far relied primarily on early data related to tribes’ names, historical data recorded in charters, today’s dialects, as well as evidence provided by related languages and elements borrowed from others. My paper sets out to establish the value of various sources in historical dialectology in view of our current knowledge in language history and calls attention to related methodological pitfalls. As most of these source types may also greatly contribute to the better understanding of the history of other languages, these methodological issues are relevant not only for Hungarian historical linguistics and dialectology but also more generally. The research and writing of this essay has been supported by the University of Debrecen and the MTA Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Eötvös Loránd Research Network.

The glycomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and other model organisms

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 117-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart M. Haslam ◽  
David Gems ◽  
Howard R. Morris ◽  
Anne Dell
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Entire Genome ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
The Face ◽  
Area Of Concern ◽  
Nematode Worm

There is no doubt that the immense amount of information that is being generated by the initial sequencing and secondary interrogation of various genomes will change the face of glycobiological research. However, a major area of concern is that detailed structural knowledge of the ultimate products of genes that are identified as being involved in glycoconjugate biosynthesis is still limited. This is illustrated clearly by the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which was the first multicellular organism to have its entire genome sequenced. To date, only limited structural data on the glycosylated molecules of this organism have been reported. Our laboratory is addressing this problem by performing detailed MS structural characterization of the N-linked glycans of C. elegans; high-mannose structures dominate, with only minor amounts of complex-type structures. Novel, highly fucosylated truncated structures are also present which are difucosylated on the proximal N-acetylglucosamine of the chitobiose core as well as containing unusual Fucα1–2Gal1–2Man as peripheral structures. The implications of these results in terms of the identification of ligands for genomically predicted lectins and potential glycosyltransferases are discussed in this chapter. Current knowledge on the glycomes of other model organisms such as Dictyostelium discoideum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster is also discussed briefly.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Review of the Ethnotraditional Uses and Biological and Pharmacological Potential of the Genus Mimosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7463
Author(s):  
Ismat Majeed ◽  
Komal Rizwan ◽  
Ambreen Ashar ◽  
Tahir Rasheed ◽  
Ryszard Amarowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Pharmacological Potential

The Mimosa genus belongs to the Fabaceae family of legumes and consists of about 400 species distributed all over the world. The growth forms of plants belonging to the Mimosa genus range from herbs to trees. Several species of this genus play important roles in folk medicine. In this review, we aimed to present the current knowledge of the ethnogeographical distribution, ethnotraditional uses, nutritional values, pharmaceutical potential, and toxicity of the genus Mimosa to facilitate the exploitation of its therapeutic potential for the treatment of human ailments. The present paper consists of a systematic overview of the scientific literature relating to the genus Mimosa published between 1931 and 2020, which was achieved by consulting various databases (Science Direct, Francis and Taylor, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, SciFinder, Wiley, Springer, Google, The Plant Database). More than 160 research articles were included in this review regarding the Mimosa genus. Mimosa species are nutritionally very important and several species are used as feed for different varieties of chickens. Studies regarding their biological potential have shown that species of the Mimosa genus have promising pharmacological properties, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, wound-healing, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antinociceptive, antiepileptic, neuropharmacological, toxicological, antiallergic, antihyperurisemic, larvicidal, antiparasitic, molluscicidal, antimutagenic, genotoxic, teratogenic, antispasmolytic, antiviral, and antivenom activities. The findings regarding the genus Mimosa suggest that this genus could be the future of the medicinal industry for the treatment of various diseases, although in the future more research should be carried out to explore its ethnopharmacological, toxicological, and nutritional attributes.

Soil moisture retrieval from remote sensing measurements: Current knowledge and directions for the future

2021 ◽  
pp. 103673
Author(s):  
Zhao-Liang Li ◽  
Pei Leng ◽  
Cheng-Hu Zhou ◽  
Kun-Shan Chen ◽  
Fang-Cheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
The Future

scholarly journals Pediatric urology amidst SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: Building the future with current knowledge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa M. Lombardo ◽  
Ciro Andolfi ◽  
Abhishek P. Deshpande ◽  
Joshua M. Aizen ◽  
Pankaj P. Dangle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Pediatric Urology ◽  
The Future

The genus Chaenothecopsis (Mycocaliciaceae) in Switzerland, and a key to the European species

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs GRONER
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Subalpine Forests ◽  
European Species

Current knowledge about the non-lichenized genus Chaenothecopsis in Switzerland is reviewed. A characterization of the genus and a key to all accepted European taxa are presented, excluding the little known resinicolous species. The distribution of the 15 Chaenothecopsis species recorded in Switzerland is briefly summarized. Specimens in the herbaria belong mainly to C. pusilla, C. rubescens and C. viridialba; recent collections include rarer species such as C. hospitans, C. ochroleuca, C. retinens and C. tasmanica. It seems that many taxa occur predominantly in montane to subalpine forests in the Northern Prealps, although distributional data are still scarce.

Mechanisms of Giardia lamblia differentiation into cysts

1997 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-304
Author(s):  
H D Luján ◽  
M R Mowatt ◽  
T E Nash
Keyword(s):  
Giardia Lamblia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Organelle Biogenesis ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Specific Stimulus ◽  
Adverse Conditions

Microbiologists have long been intrigued by the ability of parasitic organisms to adapt to changes in the environment. Since most parasites occupy several niches during their journey between vectors and hosts, they have developed adaptive responses which allow them to survive under adverse conditions. Therefore, the life cycles of protozoan and helminthic parasites are excellent models with which to study numerous mechanisms involved in cell differentiation, such as the regulation of gene expression, signal transduction pathways, and organelle biogenesis. Unfortunately, many of these studies are very difficult because the conditions needed to elicit developmental changes in parasites remain undetermined in most cases. Recently, several interesting findings were reported on the process of differentiation of Giardia lamblia trophozoites into cysts. G. lamblia is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the upper small intestine of its vertebrate host and is a major cause of enteric disease worldwide. It belongs to the earliest identified lineage among eukaryotes and therefore offers a unique insight into the progression from primitive to more complex eukaryotic cells. The discovery of a specific stimulus that induces trophozoites to differentiate into cysts, the identification and characterization of encystation-specific molecules, the elucidation of novel biochemical pathways, and the development of useful reagents and techniques have made this parasite an excellent model with which to study differentiation in eukaryotic cells. In this review, we summarize the most recent fundings on several aspects of Giardia differentiation and discuss the significance of these findings within the context of current knowledge in the field.

scholarly journals Circulating Cytokine Levels as Markers of Inflammation in Philadelphia Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms: Diagnostic and Prognostic Interest

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Mondet ◽  
Kais Hussein ◽  
Pascal Mossuz
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Hematopoietic Malignancies ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Functional Symptoms ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Clinical Interest ◽  
Circulating Levels

Cytokines are well known mediators of numerous physiological and pathological processes. They contribute to the regulation of normal hematopoiesis but increasing data suggest that they also have a clinical impact in some hematopoietic malignancies. In particular, there is evidence that cytokines are implicated in the functional symptoms of Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph− MPNs), suggesting that evaluation of circulating levels of cytokines could be of clinical interest for the characterization of patients at the time of diagnosis and for disease prognosis. In this review, we present the current knowledge on alteration of circulating cytokine profiles in MPNs and their role in myelofibrosis pathogenesis. Phenotypic correlation, prognostic value of cytokines, and impact of JAK inhibitors are also discussed.

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