Sources in historical dialectology

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Barbara Bába
Keyword(s):  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Language History ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postdoctoral Research ◽  
The University

Abstract Any scholarly description of Hungarian dialects may only be possible for the time period after the settlement of the Hungarian-speaking population in the Carpathian Basin. Research in historical dialectology has primarily focused on the phonological characterization of 11th-14th century conditions, while in terms of sources, scholars have so far relied primarily on early data related to tribes’ names, historical data recorded in charters, today’s dialects, as well as evidence provided by related languages and elements borrowed from others. My paper sets out to establish the value of various sources in historical dialectology in view of our current knowledge in language history and calls attention to related methodological pitfalls. As most of these source types may also greatly contribute to the better understanding of the history of other languages, these methodological issues are relevant not only for Hungarian historical linguistics and dialectology but also more generally. The research and writing of this essay has been supported by the University of Debrecen and the MTA Premium Postdoctoral Research Program, Eötvös Loránd Research Network.

scholarly journals Discovery and Further Studies on Giant Viruses at the IHU Mediterranee Infection That Modified the Perception of the Virosphere

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Rolland ◽  
Julien Andreani ◽  
Amina Louazani ◽  
Sarah Aherfi ◽  
Rania Francis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Hospital ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Genomic Complexity ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Giant Viruses ◽  
The University ◽  
Acanthamoeba Polyphaga Mimivirus ◽  
Active Contribution

The history of giant viruses began in 2003 with the identification of Acanthamoeba polyphaga mimivirus. Since then, giant viruses of amoeba enlightened an unknown part of the viral world, and every discovery and characterization of a new giant virus modifies our perception of the virosphere. This notably includes their exceptional virion sizes from 200 nm to 2 µm and their genomic complexity with length, number of genes, and functions such as translational components never seen before. Even more surprising, Mimivirus possesses a unique mobilome composed of virophages, transpovirons, and a defense system against virophages named Mimivirus virophage resistance element (MIMIVIRE). From the discovery and isolation of new giant viruses to their possible roles in humans, this review shows the active contribution of the University Hospital Institute (IHU) Mediterranee Infection to the growing knowledge of the giant viruses’ field.

A Note on Functional Linguistics in the Middle Ages

Traditio ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfons Nehring
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Liberal Arts ◽  
Historical Outline ◽  
Future Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Ideas ◽  
The University ◽  
The Middle Ages

Treatises de modis significandi are known to have been a favorite genre of scholastic literature. One of them, by Martinus de Dacia, has lately been made the subject of a thorough study by Father Heinrich Roos, S.J., and will be briefly discussed in these pages. The text of this treatise, and commentaries on it, are found in a fairly large number of manuscripts, of which Fr. Roos presents a list, and which he endeavors to determine in their mutual relation in order to lay the groundwork for a future edition, apparently — as much as any one not himself familiar with the manuscripts can judge — with thoroughness and reliablity (chs. I, II). In some of the manuscripts and in certain other sources the treatise is ascribed to one Martinus de Dacia (Denmark). Very convincingly Fr. Roos demonstrates (ch. III) that this bit of information is correct and that the author was identical with a high-ranking Danish cleric of that name, who at one time was the chancellor of King Eric VI Menved. It is likely that Martinus composed his treatise while he was a professor in the Liberal Arts Faculty of the University of Paris, probably around 1250. The treatise seems to have enjoyed a great reputation, which would be accounted for if Fr. Roos is right in assuming that Martinus set the model for the entire type. In the last two chapters (IV, V) Fr. Roos describes the character and basic ideas of the tractate against the background of the development of scholarship and higher education during the Middle Ages. This historical outline is very interesting and instructive indeed. Nevertheless it provokes criticism regarding two interrelated points, namely, the characterization of scholastic grammar and its position in the history of linguistic studies.

Inside the global teaching machine: MOOCs, academic labour and the future of the university

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Research Network ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The University ◽  
The University

This special issue focused on ‘Digital Media and Contested Visions of Education’ provides an opportunity to examine the tendency to hypothesise a rupture in the history of the university. It does so by contrasting the traditional Humboldtian ideals of the university with a neoliberal marketised version and in order to ask questions concerning evaluations of the quality of higher education within a knowledge economy. Theorising the rupture has led to a variety of different accounts most of which start from an approach in political economy and differ according to how theorists picture this change in capitalism. Roughly speaking the question of whether to see the political economy of using social media in higher education from a state perspective or a network perspective is a critical issue. A state-centric approach is predisposed towards a reading that is based on a critical realist approach of Marxist political economy (Jessop 1993). By contrast an approach that decentres the state and focuses on global networked finance capitalism ironically grows out of a military-university research network created by the U.S. government. Arguably, networks, not states, now constitute the organising global structure (Castells 2009) and while state-centric theory with hierarchical structures are still significant, relational, selforganising and flexible market networks have become the new unit of analysis for understanding the circuits of global capital (Peters 2014; Peters 2009). However, states still have a role to play in norming the networks or providing the governing framework in international law.

PIG, TONE SANDHI AND WUMIN

1989 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-182
Author(s):  
William L. Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
Tone Sandhi ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Dialects ◽  
Historical Relationship

Several scholars have made various remarks about the language history of the Wu and Min areas. Some of these remarks concern non-Chinese languages that may have been spoken in the area(s) and that may have left some traces in the forms of Chinese spoken there now (substrata). Other remarks concern the possible prehistory of what appear now to be transitional or mixed forms, or features that may be present due to some ancient influence or borrowing. In considering such matters it is important to keep in mind the basic principles (and biases) of historical linguistics, and of the potential role of philological materials in the discussion. My fieldwork in China this spring, as well as my research in the past, point to some special historical relationship between southern Wu and northern Min. This appears to mean that the boundaries between the northern and southern types of each of the two dialect groups are stronger than they have been portrayed in the past, and that the traditional boundary between Wu and Min is considerably weaker than has been supposed. The total sum of dialect facts cannot be ignored in trying to ascertain the language history of this area; it would appear that various elements of the traditional view of the history of the southern dialects are in error in various ways. In particular, it is at least possible that Wu and Min, in some sense, share a common ancestor not common to any other Chinese dialects.

scholarly journals Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot project

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Anna Stafecka
Keyword(s):  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Basis ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
The University ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Made In

Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot projectDialectologists from Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia and the Department of Language History and Dialectology of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, have developed a proposal for a joint project entitled, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, which is intended to demonstrate the close kinship of these two Baltic languages. A pilot project, supported by a grant from the University of Latvia and Directorate for the Millenium of Lithuania has been carried out between 2006 and 2008 to determine what the form and eventual content of such an atlas might be.In 2009 a summary of work carried out on the pilot project on Atlas of the Baltic Languages, Prospect has been published which includes 12 geolinguistic maps, with commentary in Latvian, Lithuanian and English. The publication also contains in the introduction homage paid to the living and extinct Baltic languages, as well as an overview of the history of the study of dialects in both countries and the characteristics and regional distribution of the dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian. The publication also describes the principles followed in creating these geolinguistic maps and associated commentary.This article describes recent progress made in research on the regional distribution of dialects of both Baltic languages. For more than a century research on the dialects of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages has taken place in parallel, separately gathering data on the various dialects of each respective language. It is, therefore, necessary first to examine, briefly, the histories of the respective geolinguistic research endeavours.The first records of differences between the territorial extents and diversity of Latvian and Lithuanian are to be found in surviving grammars and dictionaries of these languages compiled in the 17th century.The first map showing the geographical reach of the Lithuanian language is to be found in the grammar compiled in 1876 by Friedrich Kurschat. The first geolinguistic map of the Latvian language was published in 1892 by August Bielenstein.The systematic efforts at gathering Latvian and Lithuanian non-material cultural assets date from the second half of the 19th century. A new chapter in the study of Lithuanian and Latvian dialects began in the 1950s after a decision was taken to produce atlases of the two languages. At the end of the 20th century the atlases of the Lithuanian and Latvian language were published. This was the main basis for joint project – The Atlas of the Baltic LanguagesThe maps created in the framework of the pilot project, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, show the principal grouping of most terms used by the speakers of these two living Baltic languages. An in-depth geolinguistic study of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages could produce important findings in the field of the history of the Baltic peoples.  Атлас балтийских языков: проект разработкиВ 2009 году был издан сигнальный проект Baltu valodu atlants (Атлас балтийских языков), в котором кроме 12 геолингвистических карт с комментариями на латышском, литовском и аглийском языках, дана обширная вступительная часть, посвященная живым и мертвым балтийским языкам, краткая история диалектологических исследований обеих стран, характеристика и распространение диалектов латышского и литовского языков, а также принцип составления карт и комментариев. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли предыдущие геолингвистические исследования и собранные по вопроснику диалектные материалы обоих балтийских языков.В течение более столетия исследования диалектов литовского и латышского языков развивались параллельно. Языковые в диалектные данные были собраны и обработаны в отдельности для каждого языка. Необходимо затем проследить историю геолингвистических исследований диалектов обоих языков.Первые сведения о территориальных различиях латышского и литовского языков были отнесены уже в грамматиках и словарях XVII века.Первую карту распространения литовского языка предложил Фридрих Куршат (Friedrich Kurschat) в изданной в 1876 году грамматике литовского языка.В 1892 году была издана первая геолингвистическиая карта латышского языка, ее автором был священник немецкой национальности Август Биленштайн (August Bielenstein).Во второй половине XIX века в Европе собирались этнографические материалы и исследовались местные языковые особенности. В это же время появляются первые программы собирания латышской и литовской нематериальной культуры. Новый период в исследовании латышских и литовских диалектов начался в 50-ые годы XX века, когда было решено издать атласы литовского и латышского языков. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли изданные в конце XX века диалектологические атласы литовского и латышского языков, составленные в нем карты показывают их общие лексические ареалы.

scholarly journals 125 éve született Bárczi Géza

Magyar Nyelv ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-362
Author(s):  
Klára Korompay
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Teacher ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Secondary School Teacher ◽  
Language History ◽  
Etymological Dictionary ◽  
History Of ◽  
Hungarian Language ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The University

Géza Bárczi is a prominent figure of Hungarian linguistics; he had an influential role in the history of that discipline both as a professor and as a researcher. The present commemoration was written by one of his former students, someone who knew him closely and finds it important to pass on the memory of her mentor. The paper enumerates the main events of Géza Bárczi’s professional life (from being a secondary school teacher to leading the department of Hungarian linguistics at the University of Debrecen and then at ELTE) and gives a broad picture of the various areas of his work, which covers almost all of the subfields of Hungarian language history (such as phoneme history, historical morphology, lexicology etc.). Géza Bárczi is also considered to be a great synthesis maker, something which particularly shows up in two of his works: he is the author of the first thorough etymological dictionary of the Hungarian language (1941) and of an extensive monograph called A magyar nyelv életrajza (A Biography of the Hungarian Language). He also had an important role in the Society of Hungarian Linguistics, of which he was the president for 17 years. His lectures were unforgettable experiences for his students: he was always seeking for the truth in his research and his way of presentation was always known for its crystal clear logic and elegant style.

Electrophysiological Characteristics of the Migraine Brain: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (34) ◽  
pp. 6222-6235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Marucco ◽  
Marco Lisicki ◽  
Delphine Magis
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Processing ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Abnormal State ◽  
Electrophysiological Testing ◽  
The Future ◽  
Subject Differences

Background: Despite pain being its most prominent feature, migraine is primarily a disorder of sensory processing. Electrophysiology-based research in the field has consistently developed over the last fifty years. Objective: To summarize the current knowledge on the electrophysiological characteristics of the migraine brain, and discuss perspectives. Methods: We critically reviewed the literature on the topic to present and discuss articles selected on the basis of their significance and/or novelty. Results: Physiologic fluctuations within time, between-subject differences, and methodological issues account as major limitations of electrophysiological research in migraine. Nonetheless, several abnormalities revealed through different approaches have been described in the literature. Altogether, these results are compatible with an abnormal state of sensory processing. Perspectives: The greatest contribution of electrophysiological testing in the future will most probably be the characterization of sub-groups of migraine patients sharing specific electrophysiological traits. This should serve as strategy towards personalized migraine treatment. Incorporation of novel methods of analysis would be worthwhile.

scholarly journals Georges Guerwich is the forerunner of the foundation of a sociological school at the Dnipro University

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
V. V. Kryvoshein
Keyword(s):  
Academic Career ◽  
Social Processes ◽  
Law School ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
History Of ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
The University

The role and place of Georges Guerwich in the foundation of a sociological school at the University of Dnipro. It was found out that at the beginning of his academic career, Georges Guerwich, a coryphae of the Paris School of Sociology, worked for some time at the University of Katerynoslav, thus having laid, at least implicitly, the seeds of sociological education in the Pridneprovsky region. The course of events preceding the opening of the classical university in Katerynoslav is described. It is also noted that when opening the Faculty of Law of the named above, special attention was paid to ensuring the sociological component of the training of future lawyers. Relying on the experience of Western European and especially American universities, it was proposed at the opening of the Faculty of Law in Katerynoslav to establish a department of sociology. For this mission to the University of Katerynoslav, a talented graduate of the Petrograd University George George Gurvich was invited, who is a pupil of intellectual leaders of the Russian law school L. Petrazhitsky, P. Novgorodtsev, F. Taranovsky. While working at the Department of Encyclopedia, History of Philosophy of Law, he laid the foundations of sociological culture at this institution of higher education. It is proved that his general sociological views have a phenomenological basis. G. Gurvich determined that the object of sociology is sui generis phenomena, which are neither reduced to physical nor chemical, biological or psychological phenomena, and the explanation of their main attributes is the main task of sociology. In this case, the main attributes of social phenomena may be in agreement or in conflict. Characterized by the sociological views of Georges Gurvich, it was noted that his sociology is distinguished by the principal attention to theoretical and methodological issues, the phenomenological angle of considering social problems, the elucidation of the historical and genetic foundations of social processes. It was emphasized that it is precisely this focus of the problem’s consideration that is inherent in a sociological school formed at the Dnipro University. Georges Guerwich’s intellectual heritage, academic and scientific-organizational activities are of great importance for the development of world sociology. He co-operated with P. Sorokin, N. Timashev, F. Stepun, P. Struve, and maintained friendly relations with L. Brunswick, L. Lévy-Bruhl, M. Mouss, M. Halbwachs, T. Parsons, R. Merton and others luminaries of modern sociological science. His lectures were attended by J.-P. Sartre and J. Lacan.

Nitrate uptake by plant rootsThis paper is one of a selection published in a Special Issue comprising papers presented at the 50th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Society of Plant Physiologists (CSPP) held at the University of Ottawa, Ontario, in June 2008.

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (7) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D.M. Glass
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Nitrate Transport ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Molecular Genetic Characterization

Nitrate is a major source of N for plant growth, particularly under aerobic agricultural conditions. This nutrient is absorbed from soil solution by both high-affinity and low-affinity transport systems that were first defined physiologically and subsequently by molecular genetic means. This minireview presents an abbreviated history of developments in plant inorganic ion uptake, the physiology of nitrate uptake, and recent developments in the molecular genetic characterization of nitrate transport systems.

Historical linguistics, language change and the history of French

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Posner
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Historical Linguistics ◽  
French Language ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
The Past ◽  
Language History ◽  
Linguistic History ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
History Of

AbstractThis is a personal delineation of part of a methodology for the History of the French Language, aiming to combine the methodology of linguistics with that of history proper. Both traditional and modern methods of ‘historical linguistics’ fail to take account of a real time dimension, whereas ‘language history’ often resembles institutional, cultural and social history. We ask how we identify the ‘event’ and the ‘object’ of linguistic history, and how we distinguish variation, innovation, shift and change. We ask also what the linguist can contribute to the historian's reconstruction of the past.

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