The chronicle of COVID-19: possible strategies to curb the pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Seetha Harilal ◽  
Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi ◽  
Githa Elizabeth Mathew ◽  
Simone Carradori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Day By Day

: COVID-19, an epidemic that emerged in Wuhan, has become a pandemic affecting worldwide and is in a rapidly evolving condition. Day by day, the confirmed cases and deaths are increasing many folds. SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus; therefore, limited data are available to curb the disease. Epidemiological approaches, isolation, quarantine, social distancing, lockdown, and curfew are being employed to halt the spread of the disease. Individual and joint efforts all over the world are producing a wealth of data and information which are expected to produce therapeutic strategies against COVID-19. Current research focuses on the utilization of antiviral drugs, repurposing strategies, vaccine development as well as basic to advanced research about the organism and the infection. The review focuses on the life cycle, targets, and possible therapeutic strategies, which can lead to further research and development of COVID-19 therapy.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review on COVID-19: What we know and how to treat against the novel coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 292 ◽  
pp. 03091
Author(s):  
Jiacheng Wang ◽  
Xianhao Xu ◽  
Zihan Xu
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

COVID-19 emerged in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019 and then soon evolved into a global pandemic. The novel coronavirus inducing this pandemic is under extensive study held by researchers all over the world. We give out a comprehensive review of what we have known about this novel coronavirus, including the pathogenesis. Passive immunity, different strategies, and targets for vaccine development and antiviral drugs are introduced as therapeutic strategies. At last, many other properties of SARS-Cov-2 are discussed.

scholarly journals Social Responsibilities in COVID-19: Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 149-153
Author(s):  
Mayur B. Wanjari ◽  
Deeplata Mendhe ◽  
Pratibha Wankhede ◽  
Sagar Alwadkar
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Day By Day

Recent coronavirus discovered causes the coronavirus infection COVID-19 is also an infectious disease known to cause severe respiratory infections. This most recent virus and infection were unidentified until the epidemic in Wuhan in December 2019, China. Coronavirus has spread around the world and been declared a pandemic by the WHO. The disease has infected several nations, including Italy, Spain, and the United States, with brutality as the death rate rises day by day. The illness may transmit to cough or sneezes via small droplets. Therefore, social distancing is the only way to prevent the transmission as There is no vaccine available for prevention from thecoronavirus. One can reduce the chances of being infected by taking some social distancing measures which will reduce COVID-19 transmission. In the pandemic COVID-19, every individual’s responsibility is to follow all the social distancing measures, to follow the lockdown without being casual about the disease, to save our self, our family, community, and nation from novel coronavirus.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in early 2021: current status and looking forward

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chengdi Wang ◽  
Zhoufeng Wang ◽  
Guangyu Wang ◽  
Johnson Yiu-Nam Lau ◽  
Kang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Critical Events ◽  
The World ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Near Future

AbstractSince the first description of a coronavirus-related pneumonia outbreak in December 2019, the virus SARS-CoV-2 that causes the infection/disease (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic, and as of today, >100 million people globally in over 210 countries have been confirmed to have been infected and two million people have died of COVID-19. This brief review summarized what we have hitherto learned in the following areas: epidemiology, virology, and pathogenesis, diagnosis, use of artificial intelligence in assisting diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development. As there are a number of parallel developments in each of these areas and some of the development and deployment were at unprecedented speed, we also provided some specific dates for certain development and milestones so that the readers can appreciate the timing of some of these critical events. Of note is the fact that there are diagnostics, antiviral drugs, and vaccines developed and approved by a regulatory within 1 year after the virus was discovered. As a number of developments were conducted in parallel, we also provided the specific dates of a number of critical events so that readers can appreciate the evolution of these research data and our understanding. The world is working together to combat this pandemic. This review also highlights the research and development directions in these areas that will evolve rapidly in the near future.

COVID-19: innovative antiviral drugs required for long-term prevention and control of coronavirus diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Ratcliffe ◽  
Helena C. Castro ◽  
Izabel C. Paixão ◽  
Cicero B. Mello
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Microbial Diseases ◽  
Prevention Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
And Control

: The COVID-19 pandemic has had catastrophic Global effects on financial markets, jobs and peoples’ lives. Future prevention/therapy of COVID-19 will rely heavily on vaccine development and attempts to repurpose drugs previously used for other microbial diseases. Little attention, however, has been paid to possible difficulties and delays in producing these drugs. Sometimes, unfortunately, these endeavours have been politicized and if these two approaches founder in any way or resistance subsequently occurs then the World will be left once again to the mercy of these devastating viral pandemics. This review therefore briefly outlines the challenges in development of vaccines and repurposed antiviral drugs which will hopefully lead to new treatments for COVID-19. It also concludes, however, that the armoury against COVID-19 urgently needs enlarging due to the potential severity and likely future reoccurrence of new emergent viruses. Therefore, serious consideration is given to alternative ways of preventing and controlling these pathogens that have received scant attention from the mediain the present pandemic. The development of innovative, broad-spectrum, antiviral drugs from natural products is therefore particularly advocated with the challenges involved largely addressed by new regulatory and scientific initiatives.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Effects of Favipiravir on Coronavirus: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 1087-1095
Author(s):  
Prerna Tejaswi ◽  
Kumar Devashish ◽  
Raj Ranjan Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Novel Virus

The coronavirus pandemic is the worst health crisis of our time. There is a massive upsurge of the cases and no specific treatment options of this novel virus (SARS-CoV-2).Due to no time for research and development of a new drug or a vaccine, old and existing broad spectrum antiviral drugs were tried and tested. Favipiravir showed promising results in mild to moderate COVID-19 infection in small studies. The drug is approved with precaution under emergency use, as its safety profile is still not clear. We have considered every aspect of favipiravir and compiled all the latest information about the drug in this review article.

scholarly journals INNOVATIONS IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT: WHAT NEXT?

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (06) ◽  
pp. 05-06
Author(s):  
ANANTH PANNALA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
The World ◽  
Dear Reader

Dear Reader, COVID-19 pandemic has affected the whole world in a way that is unprecedented. The origin of the SARS-CoV-2 and the true scale of number of cases and deaths in every country is debatable. Nevertheless, it is clear that the spread of the virus is continuing worldwide with a devastating effect on the global economy. The control of the pandemic was essentially by implementing strict measures such as social distancing, use of personal protective equipment, personal hygiene and sanitation. There were numerous occasions since the beginning of the pandemic when governments across the world had rejoiced that their measures to control the spread of the infections had worked. However, non-compliance of safety measures and new strains of the virus led to the rise of the next wave of infections.

scholarly journals Mathematical Model with Social Distancing Parameter for Early Estimation of COVID-19 Spread

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saroj Kumar Chandra ◽  
Avaneesh Singh ◽  
Manish Kumar Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Antiviral Treatment ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The World ◽  
Spread Estimation ◽  
Day By Day

AbstractCOVID-19 is well known to everyone in the world. It has spread around the world. No vaccine or antiviral treatment is available till now. COVID-19 patients are increasing day by day. All countries have adopted social distancing as a preventive measure to reduce spread. It becomes necessary to estimate the number of peoples going to be affected with COVID-19 in advance so that necessary arrangements can be done. Mathematical models are used to provide early disease estimation based on limited parameters. In the present manuscript, a novel mathematical model with a social distancing parameter has been proposed to provide early COVID-19 spread estimation. The model has been validated with real data set. It has been observed that the proposed model is more accurate in spread estimation.

scholarly journals Potential Therapeutic Targets and Vaccine Development for SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Pandemic Management: A Review on the Recent Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uttpal Anand ◽  
Shweta Jakhmola ◽  
Omkar Indari ◽  
Hem Chandra Jha ◽  
Zhe-Sheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Small Molecule Drugs ◽  
Scientific Experts ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly pathogenic novel virus that has caused a massive pandemic called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide. Wuhan, a city in China became the epicenter of the outbreak of COVID-19 in December 2019. The disease was declared a pandemic globally by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 is a beta CoV of the Coronaviridae family which usually causes respiratory symptoms that resemble common cold. Multiple countries have experienced multiple waves of the disease and scientific experts are consistently working to find answers to several unresolved questions, with the aim to find the most suitable ways to contain the virus. Furthermore, potential therapeutic strategies and vaccine development for COVID-19 management are also considered. Currently, substantial efforts have been made to develop successful and safe treatments and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Some vaccines, such as inactivated vaccines, nucleic acid-based, and vector-based vaccines, have entered phase 3 clinical trials. Additionally, diverse small molecule drugs, peptides and antibodies are being developed to treat COVID-19. We present here an overview of the virus interaction with the host and environment and anti-CoV therapeutic strategies; including vaccines and other methodologies, designed for prophylaxis and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection with the hope that this integrative analysis could help develop novel therapeutic approaches against COVID-19.

A Systematic Review on Artificial Intelligence/Deep Learning Applications and Challenges to battle against COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-99
Author(s):  
Manoj Agrawal ◽  
Shweta Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
The World ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
Day By Day

The eruption of COVID-19 Corona Virus, namely SARS-CoV-2, has created a disastrous condition throughout the world. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 is increasing rapidly day by day all over the world. Technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Deep Learning can support healthcare system to fight and look ahead against fast spreading of new disease COVID-19. These technologies can significantly improve treatment consistency and decision making by developing useful algorithms. These technologies can be deployed very effectively to track the disease, to predict growth of the epidemic, design strategies and policy to manage its spread and drug and vaccine development. Motivated by recent advances and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data in various areas, this study aims at emphasizing their importance in responding to the COVID-19 outbreak and preventing the severe effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study first presents an overview of AI and big data along with their applications in fighting against COVID-19 and then an attempt is made to standardize ongoing AI and deep learning activities in this area. Finally, this study highlighted challenges and issues associated with State-of-the-Art solutions to effectively control the COVID-19 situation.

scholarly journals Repurposing of Antiviral Drugs for Covid-19 Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (supplement) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Hussain Mustatab Wahedi ◽  
Deeba Amraiz
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Antiviral Drugs ◽  
Specific Drug ◽  
The World ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) is one of the biggest health challenges across the globe ever since its eruption in late 2019. Novelty, contagiousness, and lethality of the virus demand the expedited production of potential therapeutic agents and strategies against it. Since no COVID-19 specific drug is available yet, it persists a crucial challenge to determine what therapeutic strategies should be adopted for the treatment of coronavirus patients. Until there is any specific drug for COVID-19, repurposing of the existing FDA-approved drugs is the most suitable approach to treat the severely ill patients of COVID-19. This review will summarize the existing antiviral drugs being repurposed and probed for their potential as effective anti-COVID-19 drugs all over the world.

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