Sleep markers in psychiatry: do insomnia and disturbed sleep play as markers of disrupted neuroplasticity in mood disorders? A proposed model

Introduction: Since insomnia and disturbed sleep may affect neuroplasticity, we aimed at reviewing their potential role as markers of disrupted neuroplasticity involved in mood disorders. Method: We performed a systematic review, according to PRIMA, on PubMed, PsycINFO and Embase electronic databases for literature regarding mood disorders, insomnia, sleep loss/deprivation in relation to different pathways involved in the impairment of neuroplasticity in mood disorders such as 1] alterations in neurodevelopment 2] activation of the stress system 3] neuroinflammation 4] neurodegeneration/neuroprogression, 4] deficit in neuroprotection. Results: Sixty-five articles were analyzed and a narrative/ theoretical review was conducted. Studies showed that insomnia, sleep loss and sleep deprivation might impair brain plasticity of those areas involved in mood regulation throughout different pathways. Insomnia and disrupted sleep may act as neurobiological stressors that by over-activating the stress and inflammatory systems may affect neural plasticity causing neuronal damage. In addition, disturbed sleep may favor a deficit in neuroprotection hence contributing to impaired neuroplasticity. Conclusions: Insomnia and disturbed sleep may play a role as markers of alteration in brain plasticity in mood disorders. Assessing and targeting insomnia in the clinical practice may potentially play a neuroprotective role, contributing to “repairing” alterations in neuroplasticity or to the functional recovery of those areas involved in mood and emotion regulation.

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Magnesium and mood disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2018.22 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 167-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Danny Phelan ◽

Patricio Molero ◽

Miguel A. Martínez-González ◽

Marc Molendijk

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Potential Role ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Bodily Fluids ◽

Meta Analyses

BackgroundMagnesium (Mg2+) has received considerable attention with regards to its potential role in the pathophysiology of the mood disorders, but the available evidence seems inconclusive.AimsTo review and quantitatively summarise the human literature on Mg2+intake and Mg2+blood levels in the mood disorders and the effects of Mg2+supplements on mood.MethodSystematic review and meta-analyses.ResultsAdherence to a Mg2+-rich diet was negatively associated with depression in cross-sectional (odds ratio = 0.66) but not in prospective studies. Mg2+levels in bodily fluids were on average higher in patients with a mood disorder (Hedge'sg = 0.19), but only in patients treated with antidepressants and/or mood stabilisers. There was no evident association between Mg2+levels and symptom severity. Mg2+supplementation was associated with a decline in depressive symptoms in uncontrolled (g = −1.60) but not in placebo-controlled trials (g = −0.21).ConclusionOur results provide little evidence for the involvement of Mg2+in the mood disorders.Declaration of interestNone.

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Neural Plasticity in Multiple Sclerosis: The Functional and Molecular Background

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2015/307175 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Dominika Justyna Ksiazek-Winiarek ◽

Piotr Szpakowski ◽

Andrzej Glabinski

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Neural Plasticity ◽

Neuronal Plasticity ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽

Neuronal Damage ◽

Brain Plasticity ◽

Motor Dysfunction ◽

Functional Studies ◽

Repair Mechanisms

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder resulting in motor dysfunction and cognitive decline. The inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes seen in the brains of MS patients lead to progressive disability and increasing brain atrophy. The most common type of MS is characterized by episodes of clinical exacerbations and remissions. This suggests the presence of compensating mechanisms for accumulating damage. Apart from the widely known repair mechanisms like remyelination, another important phenomenon is neuronal plasticity. Initially, neuroplasticity was connected with the developmental stages of life; however, there is now growing evidence confirming that structural and functional reorganization occurs throughout our lifetime. Several functional studies, utilizing such techniques as fMRI, TBS, or MRS, have provided valuable data about the presence of neuronal plasticity in MS patients. CNS ability to compensate for neuronal damage is most evident in RR-MS; however it has been shown that brain plasticity is also preserved in patients with substantial brain damage. Regardless of the numerous studies, the molecular background of neuronal plasticity in MS is still not well understood. Several factors, like IL-1β, BDNF, PDGF, or CB1Rs, have been implicated in functional recovery from the acute phase of MS and are thus considered as potential therapeutic targets.

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The key role of insomnia and sleep loss in the dysregulation of multiple systems involved in mood disorders: A proposed model

Journal of Sleep Research ◽

10.1111/jsr.12841 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Laura Palagini ◽

Celyne H. Bastien ◽

Donatella Marazziti ◽

Jason G. Ellis ◽

Dieter Riemann

Keyword(s):

Mood Disorders ◽

Sleep Loss ◽

Multiple Systems ◽

Proposed Model

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Adaptive and Maladaptive Neural Plasticity Due to Facial Nerve Palsy

Zeitschrift für Psychologie ◽

10.1027/2151-2604/a000244 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 224 (2) ◽

pp. 102-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carsten M. Klingner ◽

Stefan Brodoehl ◽

Gerd F. Volk ◽

Orlando Guntinas-Lichius ◽

Otto W. Witte

Keyword(s):

Facial Nerve ◽

Neural Plasticity ◽

Cortical Plasticity ◽

Brain Plasticity ◽

Motor Nerve ◽

Predictive Coding ◽

Theoretical Framework ◽

Cortical Reorganization ◽

Nerve Lesion ◽

Peripheral Facial Palsy

Abstract. This paper reviews adaptive and maladaptive mechanisms of cortical plasticity in patients suffering from peripheral facial palsy. As the peripheral facial nerve is a pure motor nerve, a facial nerve lesion is causing an exclusive deefferentation without deafferentation. We focus on the question of how the investigation of pure deefferentation adds to our current understanding of brain plasticity which derives from studies on learning and studies on brain lesions. The importance of efference and afference as drivers for cortical plasticity is discussed in addition to the crossmodal influence of different competitive sensory inputs. We make the attempt to integrate the experimental findings of the effects of pure deefferentation within the theoretical framework of cortical responses and predictive coding. We show that the available experimental data can be explained within this theoretical framework which also clarifies the necessity for maladaptive plasticity. Finally, we propose rehabilitation approaches for directing cortical reorganization in the appropriate direction and highlight some challenging questions that are yet unexplored in the field.

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Variation in genes and hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in female mood disorders – A systematic review and meta-analysis

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100929 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100929

Author(s):

Rita T. Amiel Castro ◽

Ulrike Ehlert ◽

Susanne Fischer

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Meta Analysis

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Systematic review of the effects of evidence-based psychotherapies on neurocognitive functioning in mood disorders

Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/00048674211031479 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 000486742110314

Author(s):

Samantha J Groves ◽

Katie M Douglas ◽

Melissa Milanovic ◽

Christopher R Bowie ◽

Richard J Porter

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Mood Disorders ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Neurocognitive Impairment ◽

Neurocognitive Functioning ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Current Standard ◽

Treatment Protocols ◽

Analytic Review ◽

Evidence Based Psychotherapy

Objective: Neurocognitive impairment is considered a core feature of mood disorders. Research has shown that neurocognitive impairment often persists beyond mood symptom resolution and can have significant deleterious effects on interpersonal relationships, academic achievement, occupational functioning and independent living. As such, neurocognitive impairment has become an important target for intervention. In this systematic review, we aimed to examine the extant literature to ascertain whether current standard evidence-based psychotherapies can improve neurocognitive functioning in mood disorders. Method: Studies examining changes in neurocognitive functioning following evidence-based psychotherapy were identified using MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science databases. Given the heterogeneity of study procedures, treatment protocols and patient samples, a narrative rather than meta-analytic review technique was employed. Results: Nineteen studies (21 articles) met inclusion criteria. There was preliminary evidence of improved executive functioning following evidence-based psychotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder. There was also some signal of reduced negative biases in emotional information processing following psychotherapy in depression. Due to methodological variability across studies however, it was difficult to draw clear conclusions. Conclusion: Findings from the current review suggest that evidence-based psychotherapies may influence some aspects of neurocognitive functioning in mood disorders. This continues to be an ongoing area of importance and warrants further research.

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