Epidemiology of the Incidence and Mortality of Pancreas Cancer and its Relationship with the Human Development Index (HDI) in the World: An Ecological Study in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5163-5173
Author(s):  
Elham Goodarzi ◽  
Ali Hassanpour Dehkordi ◽  
Reza Beiranvand ◽  
Hasan Naemi ◽  
Zaher Khazaei
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Pancreas Cancer ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Objective: Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality in developed countries and a lethal malignant neoplasm worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality and its relationship with HDI. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study that is based on cancer incidence data and cancer mortality rates derived from the GLOBOCAN in 2018. : The incidence and mortality rates of Pancreas as well as Pancreas cancer distribution maps were derived for world countries. The data analysis was conducted using a correlation test, and regression tests were used to evaluate the correlation of the incidence and mortality of Pancreas with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14, and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: The highest incidence of pancreatic cancer was reported in Asia with 214499 (46.7%) cases and the lowest incidence was related to Oceania with 4529 cases (0.99%). The results showed a positive and significant correlation between incidence (r = 0.764, P <0.0001) and mortality (r = 0.771, P <0.0001) of pancreatic cancer and the HDI index. The results of ANOVA revealed that the highest mean incidence was related to the very high HDI (P <0.0001) and the highest mortality was connected to the very high human development (P <0.0001). The results exhibited that incidence was positively and significantly correlated with GNI (r = 0.497, P <0.0001), MYS (r = 0.746, P <0.0001), LEB (r = 0.676, <0.0001) and EYS (r = 0.738, P <0.0001). Also, a significant positive correlation was found between mortality and GNI (r = 0.507, P <0.0001), MYS (r = 0.745, P <0.0001), LEB (r = 0.679, <0.0001), and EYS (r = 0.748, P <0.0001). Conclusion: Given the higher incidence and mortality of pancreatic cancer in countries with HDI, it is necessary to pay a greater attention to risk factors and appropriate planning to reduce these factors and minimize the impact and mortality rate of this disease.

scholarly journals Changes in cancer incidence and mortality in Australia over the period 1996–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingwei Luo ◽  
Julia Steinberg ◽  
Dianne L. O’Connell ◽  
Paul B. Grogan ◽  
Karen Canfell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Unknown Primary ◽  
Australian Study ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rate ◽  
Cancer Rate ◽  
Female Breast ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective A previous Australian study compared the observed numbers of cancer cases and deaths in 2007 with the expected numbers based on 1987 rates. This study examines the impact of cancer rate changes over the 20-year period 1996–2015, for people aged under 75 years. Results The overall age-standardised cancer incidence rate increased from 350.7 in 1995 to 364.4 per 100,000 in 2015. Over the period 1996–2015, there were 29,226 (2.0%) more cases (males: 5940, 0.7%; females: 23,286, 3.7%) than expected numbers based on 1995 rates. Smaller numbers of cases were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the lung for males and colorectum, and cancers with unknown primary. Larger numbers of cases were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the prostate, thyroid and female breast. The overall age-standardised cancer mortality rate decreased from 125.6 in 1995 to 84.3 per 100,000 in 2015. During 1996 to 2015 there were 106,903 (− 20.6%) fewer cancer deaths (males: − 69,007, − 22.6%; females: − 37,896, − 17.9%) than expected based on the 1995 mortality rates. Smaller numbers of deaths were observed compared to those expected for cancers of the lung, colorectum and female breast, and more cancer deaths were observed for liver cancer.

The global cancer burden and human development: A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda M. Fidler ◽  
Freddie Bray ◽  
Isabelle Soerjomataram
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Very High

Aims: This review examines the links between human development and cancer overall and for specific types of cancer, as well as cancer-related risk-factors and outcomes, such as disability and life expectancy. Methods: To assess human development, the Human Development Index was utilized continuously and according to four levels (low, medium, high, very high), where the low and very high categories include the least and most developed countries, respectively. All studies that assessed aspects of the global cancer burden using this measure were reviewed. Results: Although the present cancer incidence burden is greater in higher Human Development Index countries, a greater proportion of the global mortality burden is observed in less developed countries, with a higher mean fatality rate in the latter countries. Further, the future cancer burden is expected to disproportionally affect less developed regions; in particular, it has been estimated that low and medium Human Development Index countries will experience a 100% and 81% increase in cancer incidence from 2008 to 2030, respectively. Disparities were also observed in risk factors and average health outcomes, such as a greater number of years of life lost prematurely and fewer cancer-related gains in life expectancy observed in lower versus higher Human Development Index settings. Conclusions: From a global perspective, there remain clear disparities in the cancer burden according to national Human Development Index scores. International efforts are needed to aid countries in social and economic transition in order to efficiently plan, implement and evaluate cancer control initiatives as a means to reduce the widening gap in cancer occurrence and survival worldwide.

scholarly journals Trend analysis of cardiovascular disease mortality, incidence, and mortality-to-incidence ratio: results from global burden of disease study 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maedeh Amini ◽  
Farid Zayeri ◽  
Masoud Salehi
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Mean Trend ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the global leading causes of concern due to the rising prevalence and consequence of mortality and disability with a heavy economic burden. The objective of the current study was to analyze the trend in CVD incidence, mortality, and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) across the world over 28 years. Methods The age-standardized CVD mortality and incidence rates were retrieved from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2017 for both genders and different world super regions with available data every year during the period 1990–2017. Additionally, the Human Development Index was sourced from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) database for all countries at the same time interval. The marginal modeling approach was implemented to evaluate the mean trend of CVD incidence, mortality, and MIR for 195 countries and separately for developing and developed countries and also clarify the relationship between the indices and Human Development Index (HDI) from 1990 to 2017. Results The obtained estimates identified that the global mean trend of CVD incidence had an ascending trend until 1996 followed by a descending trend after this year. Nearly all of the countries experienced a significant declining mortality trend from 1990 to 2017. Likewise, the global mean MIR rate had a significant trivial decrement trend with a gentle slope of 0.004 over the time interval. As such, the reduction in incidence and mortality rates for developed countries was significantly faster than developing counterparts in the period 1990–2017 (p < 0.05). Nevertheless, the developing nations had a more rather shallow decrease in MIR compared to developed ones. Conclusions Generally, the findings of this study revealed that there was an overall downward trend in CVD incidence and mortality rates, while the survival rate of CVD patients was rather stable. These results send a satisfactory message that global effort for controlling the CVD burden was quite successful. Nonetheless, there is an urgent need for more efforts to improve the survival rate of patients and lower the burden of this disease in some areas with an increasing trend of either incidence or mortality.

scholarly journals Trends in Incidence and Mortality of Primary Liver Cancer in Lithuania 1998–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191
Author(s):  
Audrius Dulskas ◽  
Povilas Kavaliauskas ◽  
Kestutis Zagminas ◽  
Ligita Jancoriene ◽  
Giedre Smailyte
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Ductal Carcinoma ◽  
Primary Liver Cancer ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cancer Incidence Rates

Background: Recently, reports have suggested that rates of liver cancer have increased during the last decades in developed countries; increasing hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma rates were reported. The aim of this study was to examine time trends in incidence and mortality rates of liver cancer for the period of 1998–2015 in Lithuania by sex, age, and histology. Methods: We examined the incidence of liver cancer from 1998 to 2015 using data from the Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Age-standardized incidence rates were calculated by sex, age, and histology. Trends were analyzed using the Joinpoint Regression Program to estimate the annual percent change. Results: A total of 3086 primary liver cancer cases were diagnosed, and 2923 patients died from liver cancer. The total number of liver cancer cases changed from 132 in 1998 to 239 in 2015. Liver cancer incidence rates changed during the study period from 5.02/100,000 in 1998 to 10.54/100,000 in 2015 in men and from 2.43/100,000 in 1998 to 6.25/100,000 in 2015 in women. Annual percentage changes (APCs) in the age-standardized rates over this period were 4.5% for incidence and 3.6% for mortality. Hepatocellular cancer incidence rates were stable from 1998 to 2005 (APC −5.9, p = 0.1) and later increased by 6.7% per year (p < 0.001). Intrahepatic ductal carcinoma incidence increased by 8.9% per year throughout the study period. The rise in incidence was observed in all age groups; however, in age groups < 50 and between 70 and 79 years, observed changes were not statistically significant. For mortality, the significant point of trend change was detected in 2001, where after stable mortality, rates started to increase by 2.4% per year. Conclusions: Primary liver cancer incidence and mortality increased in both sexes in Lithuania. The rise om incidence was observed in both sexes and main histology groups. The increasing incidence trend may be related to the prevalence of main risk factors (alcohol consumption, hepatitis B and C infections. and diabetes).

scholarly journals The association between incidence and mortality of brain cancer and human development index (HDI): an ecological study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaher Khazaei ◽  
Elham Goodarzi ◽  
Vahidreza Borhaninejad ◽  
Farhad Iranmanesh ◽  
Hosein Mirshekarpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Brain Cancer ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Years Of Schooling

Abstract Background Brain cancer is a rare and deadly malignancy with a low survival rate. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of brain cancer and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) worldwide. Methods This is an ecological study. The data on cancer incidence and cancer mortality was extracted from the World Bank for Cancer in 2018 (GLOBOCAN 2018). The incidence, mortality rate, and brain cancer distribution maps were drawn for different countries. We used correlation and regression tests to examine the association of incidence and mortality rates of brain cancer with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results According to the results of Global Cancer Registry in 2018, there were 18,078,957 registered cases of cancer in both sexes, of which 29,681 were related to brain cancer. The highest incidence (102,260 cases, 34.4%) and mortality (77,815 cases, 32.3%) belonged to very high HDI regions. Results showed that incidence (r = 0.690, P < 0.0001) and mortality rates (r = 0.629, P < 0.001) of brain cancer are significantly correlated with HDI. We also observed a positive correlation between brain cancer incidence and Gross National Income (GNI) (r = 0.346, P < 0.001), Mean Years of Schooling (MYS) (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), TABLE (LEB) (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) (r = 0.667, P < 0.001). Results also revealed that mortality rate was significantly correlated with GNI (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), MYS (r = 0.591, P < 0.01), LEB (r = 0.624, P < 0.01), and EYS (r = 0.605, P < 0.01). Conclusion The results of the study showed that the incidence and mortality of brain cancer in countries with higher HDI levels is higher than countries with lower HDI levels, so attention to risk factors and action to reduce it in countries with higher HDI levels in controlling this cancer in this Countries are effective.

scholarly journals Trends in Pancreatic Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Lithuania, 1998–2015

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 949
Author(s):  
Povilas Kavaliauskas ◽  
Audrius Dulskas ◽  
Inga Kildusiene ◽  
Rokas Arlauskas ◽  
Rimantas Stukas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Tnm Classification ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Cancer Of The Pancreas ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
First Time

Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. The aim of this study was to examine the time trends in the incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer for the period of 1998–2015 for the first time in Lithuania by sex, age, subsite, and stage. Methods: This study was based on all cases (deaths) of pancreatic cancer diagnosed between 1998 and 2015. Age-standardized incidence (mortality) rates and group-specific rates were calculated for each sex using the direct method (European Standard). TNM classification-based information reported to the cancer registry was grouped into three categories: (1) localized cancer: T1-3/N0/M0; (2) cancer with regional metastasis: any 1-3/N+/M0; (3) advanced cancer: any T/any N/M+. Joinpoint regression was used to provide annual percentage changes (APCs) and to detect points in time where statistically significant changes in the trends occurred. Results: Overall, 8514 pancreatic cancer cases (4364 in men and 3150 in women) were diagnosed and 7684 persons died from cancer of the pancreas. Pancreatic cancer incidence rates were considerably lower for women than for men, with a female:male ratio of 1:2. Incidence rates changed during the study period from 14.2 in 1998 to 15.0/100,000 in the year 2015 in men, and from 6.7 to 9.8/100,000 in women. Incidence rates over the study period were stable for men (APC = 0.1%) and increasing for women by 1.1% per year. Similarly, mortality rates increased in women by 0.9% per year, and were stable in men. During the study period, incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer were close. For the entire study period, rates increased significantly in the 50–74 years age group; only cancer of the head of pancreas showed a decline by 0.9%, while tail and not-specified pancreatic cancer incidence increased by 11.4% and 4.51%, respectively. Conclusions: The increasing pancreatic cancer incidence trend in the Lithuanian population may be related to the prevalence of its main risk factors (smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, diet, and diabetes).

scholarly journals Disparities on Pancreatic Cancer Mortality Trends and Human Development Index (HDI) in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rodrigues Mendonça e Silva ◽  
Max Moura Oliveira ◽  
Gisele Aparecida Fernandes ◽  
Maria Paula Curado
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Mortality Trends ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Very High

Abstract Pancreatic cancer mortality is greatest in countries with a high and very high Human Development Index (HDI). The aim was to evaluate the pancreatic cancer mortality rates and trends related to HDI in Brazil by state. An ecological study was conducted on pancreatic cancer mortality in Brazilian states between 1979 and 2019. Age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and Annual Average Percent Change (AAPC) were calculated. Pearson´s correlation test was applied to compare rates over the 3 decades from 1986-2015 to verify correlation between change in HDI from 1991 to 2010. A total of 209,425 deaths from pancreatic cancer were reported in Brazil from 1979 to 2019. In men, ASMRs ranged from 2.9/100,000 in 1979 to 6.1/100,000 in 2019, with AAPC of 1.5% per year, and in women, ASMR ranged from 2.1/100,000 in 1979 to 4.7/100,000 in 2019, with AAPC of 1.9% per year. Mortality rates and trends increase with higher % of HDI improvement with a correlation between ASMRs and HDI above r>0.80. The mortality trends in pancreatic cancer were uneven increase in Brazil, there was an upward trend in mortality in both genders, but higher among women. Pancreatic cancer mortality trends were higher in those states where there was greatest increase in HDI, regions as North and Northeast. However, mortality rates remain higher in South, Southeast and Central-West of Brazil.

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