Small Molecules Originated from Tryptophan and their Clinical Significance as Potential Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kowalik ◽  
Natalia Miękus ◽  
Tomasz Bączek
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Kynurenine Pathway ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Tryptophan Metabolites ◽  
Patient Prognosis ◽  
Potential Biomarkers ◽  
The Ideal

Background: L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid, necessary for the human body to function. Its degradation occurs through two metabolic pathways. Approximately 95% of the L-tryptophan available in the body is converted via the kynurenine pathway, while the remainder is degraded via the serotonin pathway. Properly maintained balance between the concentrations of individual small molecular metabolites is extremely important to maintain homeostasis in the human body, and its disruption could lead to the development of numerous neurological, neurodegenerative, neoplastic, as well as cardiovascular diseases. Recent reports suggested that by controlling the levels of selected L-tryptophan metabolites (potential biomarkers), it is possible to diagnose numerous diseases, monitor their course and assess patient prognosis. Objective: The aim of this paper is to review the currently important clinical applications of selected biomarkers from the L-tryptophan metabolism pathways that would be helpful in early diagnosis, monitoring the course and treatment of serious diseases of affluence, which ultimately could improve the patients’ quality of life, as well as support targeted therapy of the aforementioned diseases. Conclusion: Since the biochemical biomarkers determination in body fluids presents the ideal minimally invasive tool in the patents’ diagnosis and prognostication, the topic is up-to-date and, importantly, emphasized the current trends and perspectives of application of analysis of selected L-tryptophan metabolites named kynurenine and serotonin-derived small compounds in the routine medical procedures.

Embodying the culture of achievement: Culture between illness and perfection is a ‘thin line’ – obtaining the ideal female body as an act of achievement

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110040
Author(s):  
Josefine Dilling ◽  
Anders Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Female Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Thin Line ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
The Ideal ◽  
Body Ideals

In this article, we argue that certain behaviour connected to the attempt to attain contemporary female body ideals in Denmark can be understood as an act of achievement and, thus, as an embodiment of the culture of achievement, as it is characterised in Præstationssamfundet, written by the Danish sociologist Anders Petersen (2016) Hans Reitzels Forlag . Arguing from cultural psychological and sociological standpoints, this article examines how the human body functions as a mediational tool in different ways from which the individual communicates both moral and aesthetic sociocultural ideals and values. Complex processes of embodiment, we argue, can be described with different levels of internalisation, externalisation and materialisation, where the body functions as a central mediator. Analysing the findings from a qualitative experimental study on contemporary body ideals carried out by the Danish psychologists Josefine Dilling and Maja Trillingsgaard, this article seeks to anchor such theoretical claims in central empirical findings. The main conclusions from the study are used to structure the article and build arguments on how expectations and ideals expressed in an achievement society become embodied.

scholarly journals Tissue Engineering in Cardiovascular Surgery: Evolution and Contemporary Condition of the Problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Ilya Alexandrovich Soynov ◽  
Irina Yurievna Zhuravleva ◽  
Yuriy Yurievich Kulyabin ◽  
Nataliya Romanova Nichay ◽  
Tatyana Pavlovna Timchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Heart Valve ◽  
Heart Valves ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Tissue Engineered Heart Valves ◽  
Valve Diseases ◽  
The Ideal

The “ideal” graft for forming outflow ways is a big issue in reconstructive heart valve surgery. For today, this question is a field of interest especially in pediatric cardiac surgery, because the existing prosthesis are exposed to aggressive degenerative processes due to metabolic features, and also do not have the growth potential. Therefore, repetitive graft reimplantation gradually increases risk of surgery and greatly reduce the quality of patient’s life. Tissue engineering is a new perspective approach in surgery of congenital and heart valve diseases, which may help overcome limitations of existing and provide the new opportunities for surgical correction. This review highlights current trends in development of tissue-engineered heart valves and grafts, and existing limitations and potential solutions are discussed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kebersihan Tangan Pada Saat Makan Menggunakan Terhadap Kontaminasi Pada Makanan

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amira Dina Luthfiyyani
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Food Contamination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Body Interaction ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Food Consumed

Abstract, There are several ways used by others to eat their food, one of which is using their own hands without cutlery. Eating with hands more people use this to make food tastier with the practicality of eating using hands is also one of the reasons many people like to use their hands as cutlery. The writing of this paper aims to find out how to eat by hand and cleanliness of food contamination and the quality of food consumed. The research method used was a literature study by analyzing the contents of eating using hands, body interaction, and the influence of eating using hands to understand the body. The results of this study indicate that eating using hands can affect the health of the human body.

scholarly journals Biocompatibility of Medical Devices - A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 3152-3158
Author(s):  
Ramya Shree Gangadhar ◽  
Balamuralidhara V ◽  
Rajeshwari S.R.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Device ◽  
Medical Devices ◽  
Human Body ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Responses ◽  
Medical Device Manufacturers ◽  
Biocompatibility Testing ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
Key Words Biocompatibility

BACKGROUND Biomaterial is defined as "any substance or combination of medicine, artificial or natural origin, which can be used at any time, in whole or part by a system that controls, adds to, or restores any tissue, organ or function". ISO 10993-1: 2018 standard defines bio compliance law as "the ability of a medical device or tool to perform a selected program with the acceptable response of experts". Incompatible factors cause chemical reactions in patients, with little or no side effects. The body can respond in a sort of way after the installation of medical devices, so testing and improvement is important here. Therefore, testing and improvement in this field are important. Biocompatibility is required for any significant use of components or materials in medical devices. Inconsistent factors create negative biological responses in patients, which may have serious consequences. Biomaterials are substances utilized in medical devices, especially in applications where the device is touched, temporarily embedded, or permanently implanted within the body. Because of the significant impact of biocompatibility, many countries have imposed regulations on medical device manufacturers to meet biocompatibility specifications. Here is a brief explanation about the biocompatibility and incompatibility parameters of medical devices with a human body and its need for biocompatibility of medical devices with the human body. Medical devices have improved doctors' ability to diagnose and treat disease, which has led to significant improvements in health and quality of life. Thus, medical devices are prone to various incompatibility issues and procedures that affect the biological environment must be followed. KEY WORDS Biocompatibility, Material Interactions, Sterilization, Medical devices, Biocompatibility Testing, Incompatibility Factors.

Forster's Metaphysical Novel

PMLA ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Cyrtjs Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inner Life ◽  
Howards End ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
Partial View ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
The Ideal

Howards End can be termed a metaphysical novel for the good reason that it is concerned with metaphysical problems. These are implicit in the clash of motive and purpose that directs the novel's action; they present themselves in terms of conflicting principles whose reconciliation serves to define the action's meaning. The principles at variance here are in themselves metaphysical opposites—the real and the ideal, the tangible and the intangible, the body and the soul, the many and the one—and they all have reference to a single overwhelming question: wherein lies the reality of experience? Does it consist in the inner life of personal relations, as Helen Schlegel declares? Or is it to be sought in the outer world of practical affairs, as her sister Margaret comes to maintain? How, in any case, is it to be known: through the agency of the flesh or of the spirit? And once known, how is knowledge of it to be preserved in a world where permanence and stability are conditioned by time and change? The answer, a single one, is implied in the words “only connect” that stand on the novel's title page. What must be connected, to state the matter in so many words, is the inner life of intellect and spirit, and the outer life of the physical and the sensory. These, the conflicting halves of experience, must be reconciled, for—and this is the burden of all Forster's work—because they are halves they are mutually dependent, and one without the other cannot adequately endure. The intellect and the spirit are dependent for their very embodiment on the physical and the sensory, faculties which they in turn altogether transfigure when the halves are fused. The contradictory elements that are inherent in the duality of body and soul are reconciled when the duality itself is resolved. The result is the comprehensive and harmonious vision of experience wherein the earthly partakes of the eternal, the particular testifies to the universal, and multiplicity becomes but another attribute of the one. The partial view gives way before a vision of the whole, and the paradoxical quality of experience takes on another dimension as one comes to discern the reality behind the appearance, the substance beneath the accidents.

Human Body Pose Estimation with Particle Swarm Optimisation

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 509-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Špela Ivekovič ◽  
Emanuele Trucco ◽  
Yvan R. Petillot
Keyword(s):  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Search Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimisation ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Still Images ◽  
Body Pose Estimation

In this paper we address the problem of human body pose estimation from still images. A multi-view set of images of a person sitting at a table is acquired and the pose estimated. Reliable and efficient pose estimation from still images represents an important part of more complex algorithms, such as tracking human body pose in a video sequence, where it can be used to automatically initialise the tracker on the first frame. The quality of the initialisation influences the performance of the tracker in the subsequent frames. We formulate the body pose estimation as an analysis-by-synthesis optimisation algorithm, where a generic 3D human body model is used to illustrate the pose and the silhouettes extracted from the images are used as constraints. A simple test with gradient descent optimisation run from randomly selected initial positions in the search space shows that a more powerful optimisation method is required. We investigate the suitability of the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) for solving this problem and compare its performance with an equivalent algorithm using Simulated Annealing (SA). Our tests show that the PSO outperforms the SA in terms of accuracy and consistency of the results, as well as speed of convergence.

scholarly journals Anthropometry and Size Groups in the Clothing Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Monika Balach ◽  
Marzanna Lesiakowska-Jablonska ◽  
Iwona Frydrych
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Body Shape ◽  
Apparel Industry ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clothing Industry ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
Body Shapes ◽  
Modal Group

AbstractIt appears that from generation to generation the anthropometric dimensions of the human population are changing. The aim of this paper was to examine the extent of these changes and the need for generating updated measurements for the clothing industry. The clothing industry uses mannequins and avatars to represent the modal group of the population. The industry tends to use three different categories for the human body shape (endomorphic, mesomorphic, and ectomorphic). The clothing industry should focus on specific measurements of the body rather than general categories and create more body shapes to satisfy customer needs. The paper also aimed at showing the problems faced by clothing designers. The traditional way of measuring takes into account only selected dimensions of the human body; this does not reflect the “true” overall body shape. The dimension tables used by the apparel industry are based on the fourth anthropometric photograph taken between 1987 and 1989. These tables are still in the use currently; however, after 30 years they are outdated and should be revised for the young contemporary generation. This study can be used for the development of new dimension tables as well as defining methods aimed at improving the quality of measurements for clothing engineering purposes. This is an important issue, because the National Institute of Anthropometry does not deal with such problems (the measurements are conducted mainly for understanding the human body shape rather than any other application), which means that anthropometric measurements are not ideally suited to applications of clothes fitting.

Body-Mind Centering: An Exploration in Achieving Somatic Awareness for the Classical Ballet Dancer

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Sela
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Group Work ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ballet Dancer ◽  
Somatic Awareness ◽  
Quality Of Movement ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
Body Mind Centering

With each step and each breath a ballet dancer takes the body acts as a compass, guiding each internal discovery. The ability to maintain one’s bearings can be achieved through the process and balance of Body-Mind Centering. This technique, founded by theorist Bonnie Bainbridge Cohen, journeys into the ever-changing territory of the human body by exploring thoughts, feelings, energy, and movement. Specifically, somatic awareness is reached through the exploration of bones, muscles, and organs. The method of research was generated in the following ways: Extensive research conducted in the field of anatomy and kinesiology, and an anatomy document created for future dancers to utilize prior to in-studio work. Next, a combination of Cohen’s previously devised exercises and newly crafted exercises were put into practice in a studio setting. Both solo and group work was conducted, targeting specific groups of bones, muscles, or organs. Lastly, a journal was kept with all practical observations discovered, and a final document was generated to reveal and collaboratively synthesize the observations made. Numerous discoveries were made regarding the differences in the quality of movement alterations (internal vs. external), the movement of a trained ballet-body (urges and inclinations), as well as the methods of exercise exploration (improvisation vs. structure), and how each affected the types of movement generated by the dancer. Through both the discoveries and difficulties that arose during the research process, future options for study were generated, such as, in-studio workshops that explore the interaction and dialogue between multiple bodies.

Human body: new organs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
N. Kolotilov
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Shock Absorber ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Brain

The use of medical imaging technologies, bioimaging, digitized archives of scientific and medical literature, the special mentality of researchers, going beyond the skills of professional education have led to the discovery of new organs of the human body. The aim of the review is to present in the first iteration the basic information about the new organs of the human body and the need for their identification for complete scientific and practical work. Anterolateral ligament of the knee is present in 97.56 % of people. It was first described in 1879, rediscovered in 2013. The juxta-oral organ was first described in 1885, and again in 2015-2020. Description of the lymphatic drainage system of the brain was published in 1787 and 1816, rediscovery and detailing already in the 21st century. It was proposed to identify the interstitium as a special organ that deposits and transports about 20 % of the interstitial fluid in the body. It is assumed that the interstitium can act as a shock absorber and keeps tissue from rupture. The vision of the mesentery as a whole continuous organ will make it possible to modify many operations, reduce their invasiveness, implement full-fledged rehabilitation after surgery, and improve the quality of life of patients.

scholarly journals KOMUNIKASI SIMBOLIK PADA TRADISI MELI BOK DALAM RANGKAIAN UPACARA NELUBULANIN DI DESA PAKRMAN PILING KECAMATAN PEBEBEL KABUPATEN TABANAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Wayan Sunarti
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Group Communication ◽  
The Body ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Real Form ◽  
Material World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Religious Ritual

<p><em>Traditions in Hindu basically used as a part of religion ritual as the real form of Acara. Every village in Bali has their own tradition. One of them is Meli Bok tradition as a series of nelubulanin ritual in Piling village, Penebel subdistric, Tabanan regency. It is a for om symbolic communication which is done by Piling villagers. This meaningful tradition is a symbol of gratitude, joy, and pure bhakti by Piling villagers. In the implementation of the tradition or religious ritual, there are interpersonal, intrapersonal, and group communication. There is meaning in every religious ritual, as well as the Meli Bok tradition which has social solidarity meaning, holy meaning, gratitude meaning, and religious meaning. </em></p><p><em>Cutting hair ritual has function to balance or improve self quality of the baby. It is because atman will be affected by the material world as it obsess into human body. This cutting hair ritual is done to build the harmony between atman and the body. The first hair will be bought and put into a ketupat sirikan. And the money will be purified by using banten sesayut perbersihan and placed on a pelangkiran.</em></p><p><em>The implementation of Meli Bok tradition is a form of love and showing honor for the baby or forefathers who are believed to be reincarnated on the baby. Piling villagers show their honor by buying the hair of the baby, because hair is the most sacred part of human body. The money used to buy the hair is a symbol to fulfill Artha which is called as catur purusa artha in Hindu’s believes. Through Meli Bok tradition implementation, it also improve the villagers’ feeling of togetherness and kinship.    </em></p>

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