Current Drug Nano-targeting Strategies for Improvement in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Prevalent Pathologies such as Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 1496-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virna Margarita Martín Giménez ◽  
Lucía Beatriz Fuentes ◽  
Diego Enrique Kassuha ◽  
Walter Manucha
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Contrast Agent ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Renal Cancer ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Treatment And Diagnosis ◽  
New Molecular Targets

Background: The kidney and cardiovascular system are closely related to each other during the modulation of the cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the search for new alternatives for the treatment and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases does not take into account this relationship, so their evaluation results and the advantages offered by their global and integrative analysis are wasted. For example, a variety of receptors that are overexpressed in both pathologies is large enough to allow expansion in the search for new molecular targets and ligands. Nanotechnology offers pharmacological targeting strategies to kidney, heart, and blood vessels for overcoming one of the essential restrictions of traditional cardiovascular therapies the ones related to their unspecific pharmacodynamics distribution in these critical organs. Recent Findings: Drug or contrast agent nano-targeting for treatment or diagnosis of atherosclerosis, thrombosis, renal cancer or fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, among other renal, cardiac and blood vessels pathologies would allow an increase in their efficacy and a reduction of their side effects. Such effects are possible because, through pharmacological targeting, the drug is mainly found at the desired site. Review Purpose: In this mini-review, active, passive, and physical targeting strategies of several nanocarriers that have been assessed and proposed for the treatment and diagnosis of different cardiovascular diseases, are being addressed.

Inflammageing in the cardiovascular system: mechanisms, emerging targets, and novel therapeutic strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (17) ◽  
pp. 2243-2262
Author(s):  
Danlin Liu ◽  
Gavin Richardson ◽  
Fehmi M. Benli ◽  
Catherine Park ◽  
João V. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Ach Receptors

Abstract In the elderly population, pathological inflammation has been associated with ageing-associated diseases. The term ‘inflammageing’, which was used for the first time by Franceschi and co-workers in 2000, is associated with the chronic, low-grade, subclinical inflammatory processes coupled to biological ageing. The source of these inflammatory processes is debated. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) has been proposed as the main origin of inflammageing. The SASP is characterised by the release of inflammatory cytokines, elevated activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, altered regulation of acetylcholine (ACh) nicotinic receptors, and abnormal NAD+ metabolism. Therefore, SASP may be ‘druggable’ by small molecule therapeutics targeting those emerging molecular targets. It has been shown that inflammageing is a hallmark of various cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and adverse cardiac remodelling. Therefore, the pathomechanism involving SASP activation via the NLRP3 inflammasome; modulation of NLRP3 via α7 nicotinic ACh receptors; and modulation by senolytics targeting other proteins have gained a lot of interest within cardiovascular research and drug development communities. In this review, which offers a unique view from both clinical and preclinical target-based drug discovery perspectives, we have focused on cardiovascular inflammageing and its molecular mechanisms. We have outlined the mechanistic links between inflammageing, SASP, interleukin (IL)-1β, NLRP3 inflammasome, nicotinic ACh receptors, and molecular targets of senolytic drugs in the context of cardiovascular diseases. We have addressed the ‘druggability’ of NLRP3 and nicotinic α7 receptors by small molecules, as these proteins represent novel and exciting targets for therapeutic interventions targeting inflammageing in the cardiovascular system and beyond.

scholarly journals Analysis of functional changes under using of candesartan cilexetil with resveratrol in animals

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-27
Author(s):  
A. Beliayeva ◽  
L. Garmanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Candesartan Cilexetil ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Long Acting

Cardiovascular diseases are widespread throughout the world. The incidence of diseases of the cardiovascular system has increased several times. Cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of death in many countries. Currently, the efforts of many researchers are aimed at studying and creating new, more effective and safe drugs and their combinations for the treatment of pathology of the cardiovascular system. Candesartan cilexetil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. It is used medicinally as a long-acting antihypertensive agent. However, this drug has a number of side effects. Resveratrol is a natural antioxidant. This substance exhibits pleiotropic effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective activities. The aim is investigation of acute toxicity of candesartan cilexetil and resveratrol in combination in vivo. Male and female ICR mice were used for the experiment. Animals received candesartan cilexetil and resveratrol intragastrically once. Evaluation of the effects of substances on internal organs (heart, spleen, kidneys, lungs, liver and brain) was carried out in 2 weeks after the introduction of the substances. It was shown that candesartan cilexetil with natural resveratrol did not lead to functional changes. There were no changes of behavior during the observation period. The combination of candesartan cilexetil with resveratrol did not lead to the death of mice, therefore the mean lethal dose (LD50) was not determined. The new combination of substances was safe. No side effects have been reported. The combination of candesartan cilexetil with resveratrol is non-toxic, and the use of these substances is safe for animals.

Oxidative stress and inflammation: new molecular targets for cardiovascular diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Becatti ◽  
Amanda Mannucci ◽  
Niccolò Taddei ◽  
Claudia Fiorillo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
New Molecular Targets

Does HbA1cc Play a Role in the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 2876-2882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kailash Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may be mediated through increases in the cardiovascular risk factors. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) also called glycated hemoglobin is presently used for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. It has adverse effects on cardiovascular system. This review deals with its synthesis and effects on the cardiovascular system. The serum levels of HbA1c have been reported to be affected by various factors including, the lifespan of erythrocytes, factors affecting erythropoiesis, agents interfering glycation of Hb, destruction of erythrocytes, drugs that shift the formation of Hb, statins, and drugs interfering the HbA1c assay. Levels of HbA1c are positively correlated with serum glucose and advanced glycation end products ( AGE), but no correlation between AGE and serum glucose. AGE cannot replace HbA1c for the diagnosis and management of diabetes because there is no correlation of AGE with serum glucose, and because the half-life of protein with which glucose combines is only 14-20 days as compared to erythrocytes which have a half-life of 90-120 days. HbA1c is positively associated with CVD such as the carotid and coronary artery atherosclerosis, ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke and hypertension.HbA1c induces dyslipidemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, and hypertension, and increases C-reactive protein, oxidative stress and blood viscosity that would contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, HbA1c serves as a useful marker for the diagnosis and management of diabetes. AGE cannot replace HbA1c in the diagnosis and management of diabetes. There is an association of HbA1c with CVD which be mediated through modulation of CVD risk factors.

scholarly journals Molecular targets of tea polyphenols in the cardiovascular system

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
V STANGL ◽  
H DREGER ◽  
K STANGL ◽  
M LORENZ
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Tea Polyphenols

scholarly journals Helping Eve Overcome ADAM: G-Quadruplexes in the ADAM-15 Promoter as New Molecular Targets for Breast Cancer Therapeutics

Molecules ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 15019-15034 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Brown ◽  
Vanessa Gaerig ◽  
Taesha Simmons ◽  
Tracy Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Cancer Therapeutics ◽  
New Molecular Targets

SIGNIFICANCE OF PLATELETS IN INFLAMMATORY AND THROMBOTIC REACTIONS IN THE ELDERLY

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
А. М. Осадчук ◽  
И. Л. Давыдкин ◽  
И. А. Золотовская
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Antiplatelet Therapy ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Wide Audience ◽  
Hemostatic System ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
System Today

Развитие тромботических реакций, приводящих к нежелательным клиническим последствиям у лиц пожилого возраста, известно при многих заболеваниях, включая патологию сердечно-сосудистой системы. Сегодня идет накопление данных о степени выраженности изменений системы гемостаза у пациентов с новой коронавирусной инфекцией (COVID-19) и изучение тромбоцитарного и плазменного звена. Для понимания некоторых механизмов, связанных с патологией тромбоцитов, нами представлен обзор, в котором обобщены сведения о патофизиологических реакциях тромбоцитов в условиях их старения и возможных механизмах их патологической агрегации. Возможно, представленные фундаментальные и клинические данные будут интересны широкой аудитории специалистов для обсуждения ранней антитромбоцитарной терапии и ее обоснования не только у пациентов с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями, но и с COVID-19. The development of thrombotic reactions that lead to undesirable clinical consequences in the elderly is known in many diseases, including pathology of the cardiovascular system. Today, data on the severity of changes in the hemostatic system in patients with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and the study of platelet and plasma levels are being accumulated. In order to understand some of the mechanisms associated with platelet pathology, we present a review that summarizes information about the pathophysiological reactions of platelets in the conditions of their aging and possible mechanisms of their pathological aggregation. Perhaps the presented fundamental and clinical data will be of interest to a wide audience of specialists to discuss early antiplatelet therapy and its justification not only in patients with cardiovascular diseases, but also with COVID-19.

scholarly journals Plasmodium falciparum: new molecular targets with potential for antimalarial drug development

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1087-1098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald L Gardiner ◽  
Tina S Skinner-Adams ◽  
Christopher L Brown ◽  
Katherine T Andrews ◽  
Colin M Stack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Drug Development ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
New Molecular Targets
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