Vaccination opportunities in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Moiola ◽  
Agostino Riva ◽  
Ferdinando Nicoletti ◽  
Antonio Uccelli ◽  
Marco Salvetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Mass Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

: The COVID-19 pandemic and the mass vaccination campaign highlighted the situation of the most vulnerable patients. In this work, we focused attention on patients who have Multiple Sclerosis (MS), particularly in treatment with cladribine tablets, trying to understand if and when it is possible to administer the vaccine successfully. Considering the innovative topic, we reviewed the existing literature with an analysis of the experiences also related to other vaccinations, including influenza and VZV, and very recent data from countries with vaccination campaigns already advanced. Overall, we have taken into account the mechanism of action, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic of cladribine and the changes in the immune system after its administration, together with the preliminary data about the humoral response to influenza, VZV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in cladribine treated patients. In conclusion, data showed that the use of cladribine tablets seems to permit flexibility regarding vaccination timing and we suggest that vaccination in those patients should be safe and effective.

scholarly journals Measles Outbreak Associated With Low Vaccine Effectiveness Among Adults in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia, 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Hales ◽  
Eliaser Johnson ◽  
Louisa Helgenberger ◽  
Mark J. Papania ◽  
Maribeth Larzelere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Cold Chain ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
Federated States Of Micronesia ◽  
Measles Outbreak ◽  
Mass Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Abstract Background.  A measles outbreak in Pohnpei State, Federated States of Micronesia in 2014 affected many persons who had received ≥1 dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV). A mass vaccination campaign targeted persons aged 6 months to 49 years, regardless of prior vaccination. Methods.  We evaluated vaccine effectiveness (VE) of MCV by comparing secondary attack rates among vaccinated and unvaccinated contacts after household exposure to measles. Results.  Among 318 contacts, VE for precampaign MCV was 23.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], −425 to 87.3) for 1 dose, 63.4% (95% CI, −103 to 90.6) for 2 doses, and 95.9% (95% CI, 45.0 to 100) for 3 doses. Vaccine effectiveness was 78.7% (95% CI, 10.1 to 97.7) for campaign doses received ≥5 days before rash onset in the primary case and 50.4% (95% CI, −52.1 to 87.9) for doses received 4 days before to 3 days after rash onset in the primary case. Vaccine effectiveness for most recent doses received before 2010 ranged from 51% to 57%, but it increased to 84% for second doses received in 2010 or later. Conclusions.  Low VE was a major source of measles susceptibility in this outbreak; potential reasons include historical cold chain inadequacies or waning of immunity. Vaccine effectiveness of campaign doses supports rapid implementation of vaccination campaigns in outbreak settings.

Natalizumab modulates the humoral response against HERV-Wenv73–88 in a follow-up study of Multiple Sclerosis patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 357 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 106-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giannina Arru ◽  
Elisa Caggiu ◽  
Stefania Leoni ◽  
Giuseppe Mameli ◽  
Maura Pugliatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Imaging of the immune system in multiple sclerosis patients using somatostatin

1998 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
S. Kam-Hansen ◽  
F. Mannting ◽  
C.R.G. Guttmann ◽  
H.L. Weiner
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

scholarly journals Association of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and SLC11A1 polymorphisms in Sardinian multiple sclerosis patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (03) ◽  
pp. 203-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cossu ◽  
Speranza Masala ◽  
Eleonora Cocco ◽  
Daniela Paccagnini ◽  
Stefania Tranquilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Pcr Rflp ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Subsp Paratuberculosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Introduction: Recent findings propose that Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) infection could act as risk factor in favoring multiple sclerosis (MS) progression. SLC11A1 is a gene associated with mycobacterial survival in the host and it may be involved in the induction and maintenance of autoimmune disease. Methodology: In this preliminary study, 100 MS patients and 100 healthy controls (HCs) from Sardinia were enrolled. Eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the SLC11A gene were searched by PCR RFLP-genotyping. IS900 specie specific PCR was undertaken to search for MAP presence. Indirect ELISA was performed to asses if MS patients displayed a stronger humoral response against MAP2694 protein compared to the HCs. Results: Only rs2276631 SNP was associated with MS. MAP DNA was detected in 23 out of 100 MS patients (23%) and in 7 out of 100 HCs (7%). A strong humoral response against MAP2694 protein was detected in 36% of MS patients and only in 3% of HCs. A correlation between ELISA sero-positivity and the rs2276631 SNP was also found. Conclusion:  Our preliminary results suggest that the Sardinian population might be prone to develop autoimmune disease due to polymorphisms in immunomodulating the SLC11A1 gene, which is important in the immune response against intracellular bacteria such as MAP.

Evaluation of the humoral response against mycobacterial peptides, homologous to MOG35–55, in multiple sclerosis patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 347 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 78-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Cossu ◽  
Giuseppe Mameli ◽  
Speranza Masala ◽  
Eleonora Cocco ◽  
Jessica Frau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Sa.16. Multiple Sclerosis Patients Exhibit a Unique Humoral Response to the Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Antigen-1

2006 ◽  
Vol 119 ◽  
pp. S110
Author(s):  
Latisha Heinlen ◽  
Micah McClain ◽  
Andrew Pachner ◽  
John Harley ◽  
Judith James
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Epstein Barr Virus ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Barr Virus ◽  
Epstein Barr ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

scholarly journals Higher EBV response is associated with more severe gray matter and lesion pathology in relapsing multiple sclerosis patients: A case-controlled magnetization transfer ratio study

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Jakimovski ◽  
Murali Ramanathan ◽  
Bianca Weinstock-Guttman ◽  
Niels Bergsland ◽  
Deepa P Ramasamay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Magnetization Transfer ◽  
Humoral Response ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Magnetization Transfer Ratio ◽  
Lesion Volume ◽  
Transfer Ratio ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection has been associated with higher clinical activity and risk of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To evaluate associations between EBV-specific humoral response and magnetization transfer ratio (MTR)-derived measure in MS patients and healthy controls (HCs). Methods: The study included 101 MS patients (69 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 32 secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS)) and 41 HCs who underwent clinical, serological, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) investigations. MTR values of T1 or T2 lesion volume (LV), normal-appearing (NA) brain tissue (NABT), gray matter (NAGM), and white matter (NAWM) were obtained. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify EBV antibody levels. Partial correlations corrected for MRI strength were used, and Benjamini–Hochberg–adjusted p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results: MS patients had significantly higher anti-EBV nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) titer when compared to HCs (107.9 U/mL vs 27.8 U/mL, p < 0.001). Within the MS group, higher serum anti-EBNA-1 titer was significantly correlated with lower T1-LV MTR ( r = –0.287, p = 0.035). Within the RRMS group, higher serum anti-EBNA-1 titer was associated with T1-LV MTR ( r = –0.524, p = 0.001) and NAGM MTR ( r = –0.308, p = 0.043). These associations were not present in HCs or SPMS patients. Conclusion: Greater EBV humoral response is associated with lower GM MTR changes and focal destructive lesion pathology in RRMS patients.

Multiple sclerosis and faecal microbiome transplantation: are you going to eat that?

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C. Wing ◽  
M. Kremenchutzky
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Clinical Benefits ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Faecal Microbiome ◽  
Vitamin Production

Gut microbiome interaction goes beyond commensal function as vitamin production or support nutrients digestion. It also interplays with the host immune system and may be related to the development of immune-mediated diseases. Multiple sclerosis patients have dysbiosis compared to healthy individuals. But how this relates to disease development and severity is still uncertain. Dietary change including probiotic mixtures or ketogenic regimen has proven to change microbiome in multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects to one similar to healthy controls. However, proof of clinical benefits is lacking. We dissert on current knowledge about immune system and gut bacteria interactions. We discuss faecal microbial transplantation as a potential intervention to ameliorate gut dysbiosis in MS as well as the caveats of a clinical trial design.

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