Endothelial Dysfunction and Inflammatory Markers of Vascular Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevket Balta
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Willebrand Factor

: Vascular diseases are the main reason for morbidity and mortality worldwide. As we know, the earlier phase of vascular diseases is endothelial dysfunction in humans, the endothelial tissues play an important role in inflammation, coagulation, and angiogenesis, via organizing ligand-receptor associations and the various mediators’ secretion. We can use many inflammatory non-invasive tests (flowmediated dilatation, epicedial fat thickness, carotid-intima media thickness, arterial stiffness and anklebrachial index) for assessing the endothelial function. In addition, many biomarkers (ischemia modified albumin, pentraxin-3, E-selectin, angiopoietin, endothelial cell specific molecule 1, asymmetrical dimethylarginine, von Willebrand factor, endothelial microparticles and endothelial progenitor cells) can be used to evaluate endothelial dysfunction. We have focused on the relationship between endothelial dysfunction and inflammatory markers of vascular disease in this review.

scholarly journals Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level increases carotid intima-media thickness in elderly women

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Yudhisman Imran ◽  
Andini Aswar ◽  
Irmiya Rachmiyani ◽  
Donna Adriani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
The Relationship

Background<br />Cerebrovascular disease occurs due to atherosclerosis of the carotid artery triggered by endothelial dysfunction, which can be assessed by measuring the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT). There are several risk factors contributing to endothelial dysfunction, such as 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] deficiency. A number of research studies have shown variable results on the relationship between 25(OH)D deficiency and endothelial dysfunction. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between 25(OH)D and CIMT in elderly women.<br /><br />METHODS <br />A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 45 elderly women aged ≥60 years. The inclusion criteria were: able to communicate well and able to walk actively without any help. The exclusion criteria were: not having diabetes mellitus, stroke, heart disease, kidney disease, not consuming vitamin D or medicines containing corticosteroids, and not using hormone replacement therapy. Laboratory examination was conducted for fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, and 25(OH)D. CIMT was measured using carotid Doppler ultrasonography at the left carotid artery. Simple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data.<br /><br />RESULTS<br />Mean 25(OH)D level was 11.753 ± 4.027 ng/mL, and mean CIMT 0.61 ± 0.10 mm. Simple regression analysis showed a significant relationship between 25(OH)D level and CIMT (β=-0.001; 95% C.I.=-0.020-0.003; p=0.009).<br /><br />CONCLUSION <br />Our data suggest an inverse association between 25(OH)D level and CIMT in elderly women. This study supports the protective role of vitamin D against subclinical atherosclerosis in elderly women.

scholarly journals High blood pressure tends to increase carotid intima-media thickness in adult females

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Yudhisman Imran ◽  
Pukovisa Prawiroharjo ◽  
Martiem Mawi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Media Thickness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Background<br />Atherosclerosis is initiated by endothelial dysfunction, as a result of increasing degradation of nitrit oxide by reactive oxygen species, thereby increasing oxydative stress. Dyslipidemia is one of the risk factors of endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of blood pressure and serum lipid level with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in subjects aged between 55-65 years.<br /><br />Methods<br />A cross sectional study was carried out in 52 male and female subjects aged between 55-65 years. Age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, lipid profile, and CIMT were assessed in all subjects. The independent t-test was used to to analyze the relationship between all variables and CIMT. The level of statistical significance was set at p&lt;0.05<br /><br />Results<br />Mean age was 59.19 ± 3.68 years, prevalence of thickened CIMT was 66.5%, and plaques were found in 9 subjects. There wwre no significant differences in age, BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and lipid profile between normal and thickened CIMT (p&gt;0.05). However, there was a significant difference in gender between the two groups (p=0.011). In females, mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure were higher in the thickened CIMT group than in the normal CIMT group, but the difference was not significant (p&gt;0.05). <br /><br />Conclusions<br />Our findings suggest that high blood pressure tends to increase CIMT in female adults. An increasing value of CIMT should be considered as a sign of cerebrovascular disease.

Evidence of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cocaine Users.

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1891-1891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai me Pereira ◽  
Claudia G. Sáez ◽  
Julio Pallavicini ◽  
Paulina Olivares ◽  
Olga Panes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Vascular Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor ◽  
Plasma Markers

Abstract Background: Cocaine abuse is associated with an increased risk of cardiac and cerebrovascular events, such as myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, and ischemic stroke. The underlying mechanisms leading to these complications are not fully understood although intravascular thrombus formation and accelerated atherosclerosis are prominent findings. In this sense, in vitro studies have demonstrated that cocaine may induce damage and/or activation of endothelial cells. The structural and functional integrity of the endothelium is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis and its damage plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction may be assessed by testing the impaired vasodilator response to a stimulus or by measuring the release of plasma markers of endothelial damage. Increased number of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) has been reported in several pathologic conditions associated with severe vascular damage and its enumeration in peripheral blood is currently considered a reliable method to assess endothelial damage. We hypothesized that chronic exposure to cocaine induces endothelial damage which could be expressed by increased CEC counts in peripheral blood. Methods: Twenty cocaine-dependent subjects (aged 19–52 years, mean age 30 years) and 25 healthy, matched controls (aged 20–49 years, mean age 31 years) were studied; all patients fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for cocaine dependence with drug exposure within the 72 hours prior to blood sampling. CECs were isolated from peripheral blood by use of immunomagnetic beads coated with anti-CD146, stained for CD45 and Ulex Europaeus lectin 1 and counted under fluorescence microscopy. MCP-1, sICAM-1, von Willebrand factor and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Compared to controls, CECs were significantly elevated among cocaine users (632 ± 281 vs 67 ± 54 cells/mL, p&lt;0.0001). Plasma levels of sICAM-1 (360±92 ng/mL) and MCP-1 (166±71 pg/mL) were increased in cocaine-dependent individuals compared to the controls (261±34 and 67±29, respectively; p&lt; 0.01). The hsCRP levels were significantly increased (6.8 mg/L); however plasma von Willebrand factor concentration was not different between patients and controls (86.4±22 vs 70.5±16%, respectively; NS). Levels of CECs correlated positively with sICAM-1 (r: 0.7; p: 0.003) and hsCRP (r: 0.56; p: 0.0037). Conclusions: Highly increased number of CECs and significant increments in soluble plasma markers of endothelial perturbation were found in cocaine dependent individuals. This is the first demonstration of endothelial dysfunction among these individuals and our findings support the notion that cocaine-induced endothelial damage may play a pathogenic role in the ischemic vascular disease observed in chronic cocaine users.

scholarly journals Inflammation but Not Endothelial Dysfunction Is Associated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Dyslipidemic Subjects

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian F. Rueda-Clausen ◽  
Patricio López-Jaramillo ◽  
Carlos Luengas ◽  
Maria del Pilar Oubiña ◽  
Victoria Cachofeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction. Endothelial dysfunction and inflammation play a key role in the development of atherosclerosis. The present study evaluated endothelial function, inflammatory parameters, and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in dyslipidemic patients with or without coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods. Metabolic profile and inflammatory parameters were determined in dyslipidemic patients with (+CAD,n=33) and without (−CAD,n=69) symptomatic CAD. Endothelial function was evaluated by flow mediated dilatation (FMD) and plasma concentration of nitrites and nitrates. Carotid IMT was measured by ultrasound.Results. No significant differences were observed in anthropometric hemodynamic or metabolic parameters between the groups. After adjusting by age and medication usage, some inflammatory markers were significantly higher in +CAD; however no significant differences in FMD or plasma levels of nitrites were observed.Conclusions. In subjects with dyslipidemia, the presence of CAD is associated with an elevation of certain inflammatory markers and carotid IMT but not with further endothelial dysfunction.

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