Sociodemographic Characteristics, HIV-Related Risk Behaviors and HIV preva-lence of Vulnerable Men in Tehran, Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoo Mohraz ◽  
SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi ◽  
Ali Asadollahi-Amin ◽  
Rahele Golrokhi ◽  
Effat Merghati Khoei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Rapid Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partnerships ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: Sexual minorities, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), are dis-proportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS compared to heterosexual men . The increased prevalence of HIV/AIDs among this group of individuals is associated with increased participation in HIV-related risk behavior, such as multiple sexual partnerships and in-jection drug use. However, very little is known about the prevalence of HIV and the risk behaviors related to HIV infection among MSM in Iran. This absence of data is due to the increased discrimination and stigmatization MSM, and other vulnerable popula-tions, face in Iran. This study was conducted to identify HIV-related risks, HIV preva-lence and sociodemographic characteristics of the MSM population in Iran. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM attending the Sexual Health Clinic at Imam Khomeini Hospital in 2018. A sexual health screening question-naire was used to aid in identifying HIV-related risk behaviors. HIV status was deter-mined using an HIV rapid test and confirmed by an ELISA. Results: One hundred MSM enrolled in this study, from whom 41% aged 18-25 years old. The majorities were single; almost one-third had a diploma degree. Only a fifth were employed, and about a quarter (25%) reported substance abuse. Among eighty-three people (83%) reported having sex during the past three months, and only 27 (27.3%) of participants always used condoms for sex. Among 80 participants tested for HIV, two positive results were detected (2.5%). Conclusion: Data collected through a sexual health questionnaire indicate that the prevalence of HIV is increased among MSM in Iran. This finding sheds light on the urgent need for the implemenation of social programs providing counseling and healthcare to vulnerable populations in Iran.

Confirmatory testing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a sexual health clinic: implications for epidemiology and treatment policy

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054525
Author(s):  
Myrte Tielemans ◽  
Mireille van Westreenen ◽  
Corné Klaassen ◽  
Hannelore M Götz
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Testing ◽  
European Guidelines

ObjectivesEuropean guidelines advise the use of dual nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) in order to minimise the inappropriate diagnosis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) in urogenital samples from low prevalence areas and in extragenital specimens. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the effect of confirmatory testing and confirmation policy on the Ng-positivity in a population visiting the sexual health clinic in Rotterdam, the Netherlands.MethodsApart from urogenital testing, extragenital (oropharyngeal/anorectal) testing was performed for men who have sex with men (MSM) and according to sexual exposure for women and heterosexual men. Ng detection using NAAT was performed using BD Viper and for confirmatory testing BD MAX. Sexual transmitted infection consultation data were merged with diagnostic data from August 2015 through May 2016.ResultsIn women (n=4175), oral testing was performed in 84% and 22% were tested anally. In MSM (n=1828), these percentages were 97% and 96%, respectively. Heterosexual men (n=3089) were tested urogenitally. After confirmatory testing, oropharyngeal positivity rates decreased from 7.3% (95% CI 6.5 to 8.2) to 1.5% (95% CI 1.1 to 1.8) in women and from 13.9% (95% CI 12.3 to 15.5) to 5.4% (95% CI 4.3 to 6.4) in MSM. Anorectal positivity rates decreased from 2.6% (95% CI 1.6 to 3.7) to 1.8% (95% CI 0.9 to 2.6) in women and from 9.3% (95% CI 7.9 to 10.7) to 7.2% (95% CI 6.0 to 8.5) in MSM. Urogenital Ng-positivity rate ranged between 3.0% and 4.4% and after confirmation between 2.3% and 3.9%. When confirming oropharyngeal samples, Ng-positivity was 3.8% in women, 3.0% in heterosexual men and 12.5% in MSM. Additional confirmation of urogenital and anorectal samples led to 3.0% Ng positivity in women, 2.7% in heterosexual men and 11.4% in MSM.ConclusionsConfirmation of urogenital and anorectal samples reduced the Ng-positivity rates, especially for women. However, as there is no gold standard for the confirmation of Ng infection, the dilemma within public health settings is to choose between two evils: missing diagnoses or overtreatment. In view of the large decrease in oropharyngeal positivity, confirmation Ng-positivity in oropharyngeal samples remains essential to avoid unnecessary treatment.

Cervicitis: limited clinical utility for the detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in a cross-sectional study of women attending a New Zealand sexual health clinic

Sexual Health ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Oliphant ◽  
Sunita Azariah
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Health ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections

Background Although multiple studies have confirmed Mycoplasma genitalium as a cause of nongonococcal urethritis in men, there is less evidence of its pathogenicity in women. Our aims were to determine the prevalence of M. genitalium in a sample of women attending a sexual health clinic and to assess whether there was any association between the detection of M. genitalium and a diagnosis of cervicitis in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited women who required screening for sexually transmissible infections. Endocervical swabs to detect the presence of M. genitalium were taken in addition to routine testing for Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis. Data were collected on demographics, sexual behaviour, clinical symptoms and the presence of clinical or microscopic cervicitis. Results: The prevalence of M. genitalium was 8.4% (n = 22, 95% confidence interval (CI): 5.4–12.5%) in the study sample of 261 women. There was an association between the finding of cervical contact bleeding (odds ratio OR): 5.45; 95% CI: 1.93–15.42, P = 0.001) and microscopic cervicitis (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 0.95–7.34, P = 0.06) and the presence of M. genitalium when compared with women with no diagnosed infection; however, the latter finding was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Although the prevalence of M. genitalium was high at 8.4%, the overall lack of any association between the findings of cervicitis and the detection of M. genitalium support the conclusion that cervicitis has poor clinical utility as an indicator for the presence of M. genitalium infection.

Sexual health and the Rugby World Cup 2011: a cross-sectional study of sexual health clinics in New Zealand

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Psutka ◽  
Patricia Priest ◽  
Nigel Dickson ◽  
Jennie Connor ◽  
Sunita Azariah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sexual Health Clinics

Background We aimed to describe the characteristics of sexual health clinic (SHC) attendance and sexually transmissible infection (STI) diagnoses during the Rugby World Cup (RWC) in New Zealand in 2011. Methods: SHC attendance and STI diagnoses around the time of the RWC were compared with the 5 preceding years. A cross-sectional survey conducted at SHCs in four New Zealand cities collected information from attendees having RWC-related sex. Results: Although there was no statistically significant increase in clinic attendance or STI diagnoses during the RWC compared with previous years, in these four cities, 151 individuals of 2079 attending SHCs for a new concern reported RWC-related sex. The most frequently diagnosed STIs were chlamydial infection (Chlamydia trachomatis), genital warts and genital herpes. Most attendees (74%) who had RWC-related sex had consumed three or more alcoholic drinks; 22% had used a condom. Seven percent of women reported nonconsensual sex. RWC-related sex was associated with an increased risk of STI diagnoses in men: gonorrhoea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae): relative risk (RR) = 4.9 (95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1–11.4); nonspecific urethritis: RR = 2.8 (95% CI: 1.3–5.9); chlamydial infection: RR = 1.8 (95% CI: 1.1–2.9). Using a condom was associated with a reduced risk (RR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.9) of diagnosis with any STI among those having RWC-related sex. Conclusions: These findings highlight issues that are amenable to prevention. The continued promotion of condoms as well as a reduction in the promotion and availability of alcohol at such events may reduce sexual health risks as well as other harm.

scholarly journals Model Of Local Wisdom Based-Community Empowerment To Control HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Irwan Skm
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The City ◽  
Hiv Aids

The Number of people who living with HIV-AIDS in Gorontalo Province 2015 by age group mostly found in productive age 27-35 years old with the number 87 respondent (87%). It is estimated that They infected in previous years in adolescence.The aim of this research is was to develop amodel of risk behavior AIDS disaggregated by gender, the theory of Plan Behavior  was used as a framework og the study, Methods of this study was analytic observational study with cross sectional study design. The Sample was 200 students, in the city of Gorontalo, was obtained through purposive random sampling.            The result risk behaviors of AIDS in adolescent behavioral variables not influenced by variables intentions, and beliefs. Model risk behaviors of AIDS showed that variable intention and belief significant effect on behavior, Evaluation models Based on Goodness of fit, teen models on the behavior of otherwise fit the criteria RMSEA value of 0.000 Required 0.08. Sugestion In order to prevent HIV and AIDS in adolescents it is recommended to conduct interventions that focus on the religious sector. 

Risk behaviors related to violence and injury among school-going adolescents in Karnataka, Southern India

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhashisa Swain ◽  
Padma Mohanan ◽  
Noore Sanah ◽  
Vikram Sharma ◽  
Deboporna Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Texting While Driving ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Traffic Rules

Abstract Background: Adolescence is a crucial stage of life. The development and practice of various risk behaviors predisposes the risk of getting injured and consequences in later life. Study methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 381 adolescents (15–19 years) studying in different schools and colleges of Udupi. The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), Center for Disease Control (CDC) Questionnaire and the Atlanta Questionnaire and Guidelines was adopted for data collection. Behaviors such as poor obeying traffic rules while driving, violence at school premises, and suicidal thoughts of the participants were explored. Univariate analysis followed by multivariate logistic regression was done to estimate the predictors of violence-related behavior using the Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS) v. 20. Results: In our study, 27.03% of students (total=381) had knowledge of traffic rules in detail, where 65% drove a motorized vehicle. Nearly 75% of students did not use a helmet or seatbelt while driving and 17% used a mobile phone for either talking or texting while driving. Considering all violence risk behaviors, 33.07% of students had at least and 18% had at least two violence-related risk behaviors. Nearly 21.78% thought of hitting somebody, 16.34% of boys and 9.5% of girls carried sharp objects to school, 18.81% of boys and 10.39% of girls damaged or stole other students’ property, 18.37% bullied others in the past month at the school campus, and 11.32% were involved in serious fights. Out of 381 students, 114 (30.32%) were bullied, 10% had been slapped intentionally, and 18% of girls felt unsafe to go out of their home because of threat compared with 15% of boys. In total, 71 (18.93%) students thought of suicide and 22 of them attempted it. Logistic regression showed that boys [odds ratio (OR): 1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–2.93) and students of 16 years of age (OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.06–9.02) affected or victimized by violent activities at school (OR: 3.23, 95% CI: 1.76–5.93) and bullied by others (OR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.55–4.36) were determining factors for violence-related behaviors after adjusting for other variables. Conclusion: There is a need to identify students at risk and for intervention addressing the risk factors. Further qualitative studies could provide more insight.

The association between menarche and myopia and its interaction with related risk behaviors among Chinese school-aged girls: a nationwide cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 573-579
Author(s):  
Rongbin Xu ◽  
Catherine Jan ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
Peijin Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractNearly 80% of new cases of myopia arise between 9 and 13 years old when puberty development also progresses rapidly. However, little is known about the association between myopia and puberty. We aim to evaluate the association between myopia and menarche, the most important puberty indicator for girls, and to test whether menarche could modify the effects of myopia-related behaviors. The participants came from two consecutive national surveys conducted in 30 provinces in mainland China in 2010 and 2014. We included 102,883 girls (61% had experienced menarche) aged 10–15 years. Risk behaviors for myopia which included sleep duration, homework time, and outdoor activity were measured by self-administrated questionnaire. Myopia was defined according to a validated method, and its relationships with menarche status and behaviors were evaluated by robust Poisson regression models based on generalized estimated equation adjusting for cluster effect of school. We found that postmenarche girls were at 13% (95% confidence interval: 11%–16%) higher risk of myopia than premenarche girls, after adjusting for exact age, urban–rural location, survey year, and four behavioral covariates. Short sleep duration (<7 h/d), long homework time (>1 h/d) and low frequency of weekend outdoor activity tended to be stronger (with higher prevalence ratios associated with myopia) risk factors for myopia in postmenarche girls than in premenarche girls, and their interaction with menarche status was all statistically significant (P < 0.05). Overall, our study suggests that menarche onset may be associated with increased risk of myopia among school-aged girls and could also enhance girls’ sensitivity to myopia-related risk behaviors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document