Relationship between Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Measures in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Vicente Benavides-Córdoba ◽  
Mauricio Palacios Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Non Invasive

Introduction: Animal models have been used to understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, to describe the mechanisms of action and to evaluate promising active ingredients. The monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model is the most used animal model. In this model, invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic variables that resemble human measurements have been used. Aim: To define if non-invasive variables can predict hemodynamic measures in the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model. Materials and Methods: Twenty 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g from the bioterium of the Universidad del Valle (Cali - Colombia) were used in order to establish that the relationships between invasive and non-invasive variables are sustained in different conditions (healthy, hypertrophy and treated). The animals were organized into three groups, a control group who was given 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc), a group with pulmonary hypertension induced with a single subcutaneous dose of Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, and a group with pulmonary hypertension with 30 mg/kg of monocrotaline treated with Sildenafil. Right ventricle ejection fraction, heart rate, right ventricle systolic pressure and the extent of hypertrophy were measured. The functional relation between any two variables was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: It was found that all correlations were statistically significant (p <0.01). The strongest correlation was the inverse one between the RVEF and the Fulton index (r = -0.82). The Fulton index also had a strong correlation with the RVSP (r = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the RVEF and the RVSP was -0.81, meaning that the higher the systolic pressure in the right ventricle, the lower the ejection fraction value. Heart rate was significantly correlated to the other three variables studied, although with relatively low correlation. Conclusion: The correlations obtained in this study indicate that the parameters evaluated in the research related to experimental pulmonary hypertension correlate adequately and that the measurements that are currently made are adequate and consistent with each other, that is, they have good predictive capacity.

Use of Multiple Visits to Increase Blood Pressure Tracking Correlations in Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-711
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Gillman ◽  
Bernard Rosner ◽  
Denis A. Evans ◽  
Laurel A. Smith ◽  
James O. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Increase Blood Pressure ◽  
Multiple Visit

Previous studies of childhood blood pressure have shown tracking correlations, which estimate the magnitude of association between initial and subsequent measurements, to be lower than corresponding adult values. Inasmuch as this disparity could arise from failing to account for a larger week-to-week variability in children, blood pressure was measured for 4 successive years, on four weekly visits in each year, and with three measurements at each visit, using a random-zero sphygmomanometer, in a cohort of 333 schoolchildren aged 8 through 15 at entry. Ninety percent of subjects had measurements in 1 or more years of follow-up. For all follow-up periods (1, 2, and 3 years from baseline), the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure rose substantially with the number of weekly visits used to calculate each subject's yearly blood pressure (P &lt; .0001). For systolic pressure, the 3-year r values for 1, 2, 3, and 4 visits were .45, .55, .64, and .69, respectively. For diastolic pressure (Korotkoff phase 4), the corresponding values were .28, .41, .47, and .54. These higher multiple-visit estimates of tracking approximate published adult values and raise the possibility that prediction of adult blood pressure from childhood measurements may be improved by averaging readings from multiple weekly visits.

scholarly journals Ubiquinol ameliorates endothelial dysfunction and increases expression of miRNA-34a in a rat model of pulmonary hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Kuropatkina ◽  
Nadezda V. Pankova ◽  
Natalia A. Medvedeva ◽  
Oleg S. Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Solution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lung Weight ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Pulmonary Changes ◽  
Ventricle Hypertrophy

Introduction: In this research, we evaluate the effect of intravenously administrated solubilized ubiquinol on 4-week monocrotalin-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) in rats. Materials and methods: To reproduce the model, some male Wistar rats were subcutaneously injected with alcohol solution of monocrotaline 60 mg/kg and the rest – with alcohol solution (Control). Those with monocrotaline (MCT) were divided into 3 groups. They underwent intravenous administration of 1% ubiquinol solution 30 mg/kg (MCT-Ubiquinol), the vehicle (MCT-Vehicle) and saline (MCT-saline) three times on days 7, 14 and 21, depending on the group. The hemodynamic parameters were measured in anesthetized rats on day 29. Right ventricle hypertrophy, pulmonary arteries reactivity and expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-34a were estimated after euthanasia. Results and discussion: All MCT-groups demonstrated an increase in right ventricle systolic pressure and hypertrophy in comparison with the control group. An increase in lung weight was shown in MCT-Vehicle and MCT-Saline; however, the MCT-Ubiquinol indicators did not differ from those of the Control. There was an increased vasodilatation response to acetylcholine at concentrations of 1*10-6M and 1*10-5M in MCT-Ubiquinol in contrast to the other two MCT-groups. A significantly lower level of expression of miRNA-34a was observed in MCT-Ubiquinol. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a triple ubiquinol injection influences pulmonary changes and endothelium-depended vasodilatation, which contributes to pulmonary vascular tone and reactivity. A decrease in miRNA-34a expression in MCT-Ubiquinol group demonstrates the ubiquinol anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals CORRELATION OF GENDER AND LEPTIN WITH ANALGESIC EFFECT OF TRAMADOL IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Laxminarayana Kurady Bairy ◽  
Vasudha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Plantar Test

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the correlation of gender and serum leptin level with analgesic modulation of tramadol in Wistar rats.Methods: A total of 48 Wistar rats (body weight 100–150 g), 24 each male and female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=6/group) (Group I - Control- 0.9% NaCl; 1 ml/kg/day i.p. and Group II - Tramadol 10 mg/kg/day i.p.) for each nociception model - plantar test and acetic acid induced writhing test. The treatment duration was of 5 days. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was assessed using plantar test and writhing movements were observed following administration of 0.8% acetic acid; 10 ml/kg i.p.Results: PWL was significantly decreased (p<0.001) and both number of writhing movements and serum leptin concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.001) in female control group compared to male control group. In tramadol treated female rats, PWL was significantly decreased (p=0.005) and both number of writhing movements and serum leptin concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.001) in comparison with the tramadol treated male rats. PWL was negatively correlated with serum leptin concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient= −0.826, two-tailed significance= 0.000), and writhing movements were positively correlated with serum leptin concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient= 0.505, two-tailed significance= 0.012).Conclusions: The present study revealed that female rats have more serum leptin concentration than male rats which could be one of the possible reasons for having more pain sensitivity to noxious stimuli in female rats compared to male rats. Tramadol treatment at the dose of 10 mg/kg for 5 days has decreased serum leptin level in rats which might be one of the additional mechanisms of tramadol to reduce pain.

Abstract P238: Effect of Zamicastat in Chronic Treatment on Right Ventricle Pressure Overload in the Rat Monocrotaline Lung Injury Model of Pulmonary Hypertension

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Igreja ◽  
Nuno Pires ◽  
Paul Moser ◽  
Patrício Soares-da-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Lung Injury Model

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is defined, foremost, as a plexogenic arteriopathy with subtotal luminal obliteration that increases pulmonary vascular resistance and imposes a hemodynamic stress on the right ventricle (RV) leading to RV hypertrophy and failure that contributes to premature death. There is experimental and clinical evidence that supports a relation between PAH and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), indicating that PAH can be mediated, at least partly, by SNS hyperactivation. A strategy for the modulation of sympathetic nerve function is to reduce the biosynthesis of norepinephrine (NE) by inhibiting dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine (DA) to NE in sympathetic nerves. Here, we evaluated the effect of 18-day oral treatment with the DβH inhibitor zamicastat on RV pressure overload in the monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) model in the rat. MCT increased RV systolic pressure (54.7±2.9 vs 32.3±1.0 mmHg, p<0.0001), mean RV pressure (23.9±1.7 vs 16.6±1.1 mmHg, p<0.001), and decreased heart rate (240.0±5.9 vs 285.8±7.6 beats/min, p<0.0001) in vehicle-treated rats, as compared to pre-MCT values. Zamicastat treatment prevented the MCT-induced increase in mean RV pressure (change from baseline: +1.9±1.5 vs +7.4±1.8 mmHg, p<0.05). Likewise, the HR decrease was significantly attenuated in the zamicastat group as compared to the vehicle group (change from baseline: -14.3±9.7 vs -45.8±8.1 beats/min, p<0.05). Chronic zamicastat treatment decreased NE levels (480.5±43.9 vs 712.1±46.5 ng/mg protein, p<0.005) and increased DA levels (533.0±49.7 vs 12.3±2.3 ng/mg protein, p<0.0001) in adrenal gland homogenates of MCT-treated rats, as compared to vehicle group demonstrating robust inhibition of DβH. In conclusion, the DβH inhibitor zamicastat reverses heart rate and RV pressure changes, two hallmarks of PAH, in the rat MCT lung injury model.

scholarly journals SAT-LB126 Metformin Attenuates Sodium Retention and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Diabetic Mice by Reducing the Phosphorylation of Renal NCC and Its Association With the Actin Cytoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed F Gholam ◽  
Alina Waleed ◽  
Kubra M Tuna ◽  
Morgan Carson-Marino ◽  
Kevin M Chacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Oral Gavage

Abstract Metformin is the first-line drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of metformin treatment in reducing blood pressure and investigate the molecular mechanism using a preclinical animal model. Adult male and female diabetic db/db mice with a blood glucose of greater than 300 mg/dl were salt-loaded (8% NaCl) for 10 days to induce hypertension. The mice were subject to metabolic cage studies for 24 hour urine collections in order to measure urinary electrolytes, albumin, and creatinine. Blood pressure was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method to assess the effect of metformin or vehicle given by oral gavage (dose of 60 mg/kg of body weight per day). At the end of the study the mice was euthanized and the left kidney was formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded for immunohistochemistry while the right kidney was homogenized for Western blotting. Western blotting showed attenuation of total NCC and phospho-NCC in diabetic db/db mice given an oral gavage of metformin (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.9470 +/- 2.52e-3) compared to vehicle (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.9800 +/- 2.86e-3). Immunohistochemical analysis showed less co-localization of the actin cytoskeleton protein filamin and phosphorylated NCC in the metformin treated group compared to the control group. Taken together, we show metformin decreases sodium retention and blood pressure by reducing the density of renal NCC at the luminal membrane and the association between NCC and the actin cytoskeleton.

Accuracy Assessment of Oura Ring Nocturnal Heart Rate and Heart Rate Variability in Comparison to Electrocardiography: A Comprehensive Analysis in Time and Frequency Domains (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Cao ◽  
Iman Azimi ◽  
Fatemeh Sarhaddi ◽  
Hannakaisa Niela-Vilen ◽  
Anna Axelin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Positive Correlations

BACKGROUND Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive and low-cost method to remotely and continuously track vital signs. The Oura ring is a compact PPG-based smart ring, which has recently drawn attention to be used in remote health monitoring and wellness applications. The ring is employed to acquire nocturnal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters ubiquitously. However, these parameters are highly susceptible to motion artifacts and environmental noises. Therefore, the validity of the parameters should be assessed separately in everyday settings. OBJECTIVE We evaluate the accuracy of HR and time-domain and frequency-domain HRV parameters collected by the Oura ring against a medical-grade chest electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor. METHODS We conducted overnight home-based monitoring using an Oura ring and an ECG Shimmer device. The nocturnal HR and HRV of 35 healthy individuals were collected and assessed. We evaluated the parameters within two tests: i.e., values collected from five-minute recordings (i.e., short-term HRV analysis) and the average values per night sleep. A linear regression method, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the Bland–Altman plot were also exploited to compare the measurements of two devices. RESULTS Our findings showed low mean biases of the HR and HRV parameters collected by the Oura ring in both the five-minute and average-per-night tests. In the five-minute test, the error variances of the parameters were nevertheless different. The parameters provided by the Oura ring dashboard (i.e., HR and RMSSD) showed relatively low error variance compared to the HRV parameters extracted from the IBI signals. The Pearson correlation coefficient tests (P < 0.0001) indicated that HR, RMSSD, AVNN, and pNN50 had high positive correlations with the baseline values, SDNN and HF had moderate positive correlations, and LF and LF/HF ratio had low positive correlations. The HR, RMSSD, AVNN, and pNN50 had narrow 95% confidence intervals; however, SDNN, LF, HF, and LF/HF had relatively wider 95% confidence intervals. In contrast, the average-per-night test showed that the HR, RMSSD, SDNN, AVNN, pNN50, LF, and HF had high positive relationships (P < 0.0001), and the LF/HF ratio has a moderate positive relationship (P < 0.0001). The average-per-night test also indicated considerably lower error variances than the 5-minute test for the parameters. CONCLUSIONS The Oura ring could accurately measure nocturnal HR and RMSSD in both the five-minute and average-per-night tests. It provided acceptable nocturnal AVNN, pNN50, HF, and SDNN accuracy in the average-per-night test but not in the five-minute test. On the other hand, the LF and LF/HF of the ring had high error rates in both the tests.

scholarly journals Echocardiographically-Derived Septal Positional Angle (EDSPA) as a Measure of Elevated Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Huang ◽  
Zach Hutchinson ◽  
Grant Burch ◽  
Brendan Kelly ◽  
Erin Madriago
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Atrial Septal Defect ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Septal Defect ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Observer Variability ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Positional Angle

Background: Pulmonary hypertension is a significant yet rare disease that can have many long-term consequences, including death. Cardiac catheterization is the gold standard for measuring pulmonary artery mean pressures (PAMP), but is invasive and risks potentially serious complications. This study aimed to create a semi-quantitative, non-invasive measure of PAMP using septal positioning. Methods: This study was a retrospective study of patients with and without pulmonary hypertension who had a transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac catheterization. Patients undergoing atrial septal defect closure represented controls. Two blinded readers calculated the “Echocardiographically-Derived Septal Positional Angle (EDSPA)” which was compared to corresponding catheterization data including mean pulmonary artery pressures. Results: A total of 159 children were included, of which 151 had useable echocardiographic data. 40 children were identified as having pulmonary hypertension while 111 children had an atrial septal defect. Patient age ranged from a minimum of 54 days and maximum of 19 years [mean 7.1 years (SD=5.30)]. Inter-observer variability between two readers [Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.939 (p <0.001)] and intra-observer variability were low [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.95 and 0.96 for each observer respectively]. An EDSPA of ≤39° predicted a PAMP>20 mmHg (as measured by cardiac catheterization) with a 76% sensitivity and 76% specificity (AUC 0.846). Conclusions: EDSPA is a useful, non-invasive, and reproducible echocardiographic measure of PAMP that is easy to perform. With a sensitivity and specificity near 80%, it has significant utility in screening for pulmonary hypertension and determining which patients should undergo further invasive diagnostic testing.

scholarly journals Comparison of 3D T1-SPACE and DSA in evaluation of intracranial in-stent restenosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 20190950
Author(s):  
Qiuji Shao ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Qiaowei Wu ◽  
Tianxiao Li ◽  
Li Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Stent Implantation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
Space Technique ◽  
In Stent Restenosis

Objective: In-stent restenosis (ISR) after stenting for intracranial stenosis is a significant issue. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the 3D T1-SPACE technique in the follow-up of patients after stent implantation. Methods: Fifteen patients with intracranial arterial stenosis were prospectively enrolled 6–8 months after stenting. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and 3D T1-SPACE imaging were performed to evaluate the degree of stenosis and the enhancement of the vessel wall. Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between the two imaging methods, and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated as a measure of the linear correlation. Results: Eight Enterprise stents and seven Wingspan stents were used in 15 patients. The follow-up DSA after 6–8 months showed that the degree of stenosis was 40% (range, 30–72%), and ISR occurred in 4 of 15 (26.7%) lesions. The degree of stenosis assessed using the 3D T1-SPACE imaging technique was 35% (range, 30–75%). All four patients with ISR demonstrated significant enhancement. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the two methods was 0.959 (p < 0.05), and the Bland–Altman plot showed that all data points were within the consistency limits ([Formula: see text] ± 1.96 s). Conclusion: As a non-invasive imaging modality, 3D T1-SPACE showed great consistency with DSA in measuring the degree of stenosis after intracranial stenting. It may be used as an optional method for detecting ISR. Advances in knowledge: This study evaluated the usefulness of 3D T1-SPACE technique in the follow-up of patients after stent implantation, which could be used as an optional and non-invasive method in detection of in-stent restenosis.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan Bermain Peran terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa

Jurnal Kiprah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Ita Chairun Nissa ◽  
Ade Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
F Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control

Dua tantangan utama yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa calon guru matematika adalah mampu berpikir dan bekerja seperti matematikawan dan memiliki keterampilan komunikasi, interaksi, dan kerjasama yang baik. Implikasi dari tantangan-tantangan ini adalah pentingnya untuk memiliki pendekatan pembelajaran yang dapat mendukung keduanya. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bermain peran terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini adalah suatu quasi- experimental research dengan non-equivalent control group posttest only design. Populasi sebanyak 42 mahasiswa dibagi ke dalam kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen diperlakukan dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bermain peran sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya diperlakukan dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah saja. Analisa data penelitian ini antara lain; (1) pengujian validitas tes menurut ahli, (2) pengujian reliabilitas tes dengan pearson correlation coefficient, (3) pengujian normalitas data melalui interpretasi skewness dan kurtosis, (4) pengujian homogenitas data dengan F-test, dan (5) pengujian hipotesis dengan t-test. Semua pengujian data dilakukan menggunakan analysis toolpak pada Microsoft Excel. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan t-test  menunjukkan bahwa thitung = 7.64 > ttabel = 1.68 yang artinya Ho ditolak pada α = 0.05. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bermain peran efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah; Bermain Peran; Hasil Belajar

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