scholarly journals CORRELATION OF GENDER AND LEPTIN WITH ANALGESIC EFFECT OF TRAMADOL IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 493
Author(s):  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Laxminarayana Kurady Bairy ◽  
Vasudha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Plantar Test

 Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the correlation of gender and serum leptin level with analgesic modulation of tramadol in Wistar rats.Methods: A total of 48 Wistar rats (body weight 100–150 g), 24 each male and female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=6/group) (Group I - Control- 0.9% NaCl; 1 ml/kg/day i.p. and Group II - Tramadol 10 mg/kg/day i.p.) for each nociception model - plantar test and acetic acid induced writhing test. The treatment duration was of 5 days. Paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was assessed using plantar test and writhing movements were observed following administration of 0.8% acetic acid; 10 ml/kg i.p.Results: PWL was significantly decreased (p<0.001) and both number of writhing movements and serum leptin concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.001) in female control group compared to male control group. In tramadol treated female rats, PWL was significantly decreased (p=0.005) and both number of writhing movements and serum leptin concentrations were significantly increased (p<0.001) in comparison with the tramadol treated male rats. PWL was negatively correlated with serum leptin concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient= −0.826, two-tailed significance= 0.000), and writhing movements were positively correlated with serum leptin concentration (Pearson correlation coefficient= 0.505, two-tailed significance= 0.012).Conclusions: The present study revealed that female rats have more serum leptin concentration than male rats which could be one of the possible reasons for having more pain sensitivity to noxious stimuli in female rats compared to male rats. Tramadol treatment at the dose of 10 mg/kg for 5 days has decreased serum leptin level in rats which might be one of the additional mechanisms of tramadol to reduce pain.

Relationship between Invasive and Non-Invasive Hemodynamic Measures in Experimental Pulmonary Hypertension

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Vicente Benavides-Córdoba ◽  
Mauricio Palacios Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Non Invasive

Introduction: Animal models have been used to understand the pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension, to describe the mechanisms of action and to evaluate promising active ingredients. The monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model is the most used animal model. In this model, invasive and non-invasive hemodynamic variables that resemble human measurements have been used. Aim: To define if non-invasive variables can predict hemodynamic measures in the monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension model. Materials and Methods: Twenty 6-week old male Wistar rats weighing between 250-300g from the bioterium of the Universidad del Valle (Cali - Colombia) were used in order to establish that the relationships between invasive and non-invasive variables are sustained in different conditions (healthy, hypertrophy and treated). The animals were organized into three groups, a control group who was given 0.9% saline solution subcutaneously (sc), a group with pulmonary hypertension induced with a single subcutaneous dose of Monocrotaline 30 mg/kg, and a group with pulmonary hypertension with 30 mg/kg of monocrotaline treated with Sildenafil. Right ventricle ejection fraction, heart rate, right ventricle systolic pressure and the extent of hypertrophy were measured. The functional relation between any two variables was evaluated by the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: It was found that all correlations were statistically significant (p <0.01). The strongest correlation was the inverse one between the RVEF and the Fulton index (r = -0.82). The Fulton index also had a strong correlation with the RVSP (r = 0.79). The Pearson correlation coefficient between the RVEF and the RVSP was -0.81, meaning that the higher the systolic pressure in the right ventricle, the lower the ejection fraction value. Heart rate was significantly correlated to the other three variables studied, although with relatively low correlation. Conclusion: The correlations obtained in this study indicate that the parameters evaluated in the research related to experimental pulmonary hypertension correlate adequately and that the measurements that are currently made are adequate and consistent with each other, that is, they have good predictive capacity.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF GENDER AND OBESITY ON ANALGESIC MODULATION OF TRAMADOL IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 321
Author(s):  
Shakta Mani Satyam ◽  
Laxminarayana Kurady Bairy ◽  
Vasudha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Lean Control ◽  
Obese Female ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Obese Control ◽  
Plantar Test

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of gender and obesity on analgesic modulation of tramadol in Wistar rats.Methods: This study was carried out in two sets of experiments. In Set I experiment - 48 rats (body weight ≤150 g), 24 each male and female rats were randomly divided into two groups (n=6/group) (Group I - Control; 0.9% NaCl; 1 ml/kg/day i.p. and Group II - Tramadol 10 mg/kg/day i.p.) for each nociception model - plantar test and acetic acid-induced writhing test. The treatment duration was of 5 days. On the last day of treatment (i.e., on the 5th day), paw withdrawal latency (PWL) was assessed using plantar test, and writhing movements were observed following administration of 0.8% acetic acid; 10 ml/kg i.p. Set II experiment was repeated like Set I experiment among rest 48 high-fat diet-fed rats (body weight ≥300 g).Results: For both males and females, PWL was significantly decreased (p<0.05) in obese control groups compared to lean control groups. A number of writhing movements were significantly increased (p<0.01 for males and p<0.001 for females) in obese control groups compared to lean control groups. In tramadol-treated obese rats, PWL was significantly decreased (p<0.01 for males and p<0.05 for females), and number of writhing movements were significantly increased (p<0.01 for both males and females) in comparison with the tramadol-treated lean rats.Conclusion: The present study revealed that obese female rats experience more pain sensation to noxious stimuli compared to lean male rats and also the analgesic effect of tramadol is more pronounced in lean male rats compared to obese female rats.

scholarly journals SAT-LB126 Metformin Attenuates Sodium Retention and Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Diabetic Mice by Reducing the Phosphorylation of Renal NCC and Its Association With the Actin Cytoskeleton

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed F Gholam ◽  
Alina Waleed ◽  
Kubra M Tuna ◽  
Morgan Carson-Marino ◽  
Kevin M Chacko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Left Kidney ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Sodium Retention ◽  
Oral Gavage

Abstract Metformin is the first-line drug in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficacy of metformin treatment in reducing blood pressure and investigate the molecular mechanism using a preclinical animal model. Adult male and female diabetic db/db mice with a blood glucose of greater than 300 mg/dl were salt-loaded (8% NaCl) for 10 days to induce hypertension. The mice were subject to metabolic cage studies for 24 hour urine collections in order to measure urinary electrolytes, albumin, and creatinine. Blood pressure was measured weekly by the tail-cuff method to assess the effect of metformin or vehicle given by oral gavage (dose of 60 mg/kg of body weight per day). At the end of the study the mice was euthanized and the left kidney was formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded for immunohistochemistry while the right kidney was homogenized for Western blotting. Western blotting showed attenuation of total NCC and phospho-NCC in diabetic db/db mice given an oral gavage of metformin (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.9470 +/- 2.52e-3) compared to vehicle (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.9800 +/- 2.86e-3). Immunohistochemical analysis showed less co-localization of the actin cytoskeleton protein filamin and phosphorylated NCC in the metformin treated group compared to the control group. Taken together, we show metformin decreases sodium retention and blood pressure by reducing the density of renal NCC at the luminal membrane and the association between NCC and the actin cytoskeleton.

scholarly journals Effects of leptin on secretion of LH and FSH from primary cultured female rat pituitary cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ogura ◽  
M Irahara ◽  
M Kiyokawa ◽  
M Tezuka ◽  
T Matsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Leptin, which is the product of the obese gene, is believed to play important roles in pubertal development and reproductive function in females. In a study using adult male rats, it was found that leptin stimulated secretion of gonadotropin from the pituitary in a dose-related manner. However, there has been no such study in female rats. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of leptin on the production of LH and FSH from the pituitary in female rats, using primary cultured pituitary cells. METHODS: In this study, we determined body weight, serum leptin concentration and serum estradiol (E(2)) concentration in female Wistar rats at 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age, and cultured pituitary cells from 6-week-old female Wistar rats with leptin (0--10(-7) mol/l) and GnRH (0 or 10(-8) mol/l). Then basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH were assayed by RIA. RESULTS: Serum leptin concentration increased with increases in body weight and E(2) concentration. The pubertal serum leptin concentration was about 10(-10) mol/l. At a lower or moderate concentration, leptin produced dose-related increases in both basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH in pituitary cells. At a concentration of 10 mol/l, leptin significantly (P<0.05) stimulated both basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH. However, at greater concentrations, these effects diminished. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that leptin induced pituitary cells to produce and secrete both LH and FSH, with or without GnRH. The concentration of leptin that induced the greatest production of gonadotropins by pituitary cells was 10(-10) mol/l, which was the same as the physiological pubertal concentration. Leptin may be involved in the onset of puberty. It is also conceivable that leptin may be a cause of ovulatory failure, not only in weight loss but also in weight gain.

scholarly journals Subacute Toxicity Profile of Lacidipine Nanoformulation in Wistar Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupesh Shirodkar ◽  
Chandrasekhar Misra ◽  
Chethan GH ◽  
Pallavi Shetty ◽  
Zenab Attari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Delayed Effect ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The present study was aimed at investigating the safety of Lacidipine (LCDP) loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) in Wistar rats. NLCs were formulated using ultrasound dispersion technique. Animals were orally treated once daily with NLCs containing 0.140 mg, 0.350 mg, and 0.875 mg of LCDP as low, medium, and high dose per kg body weight, respectively, during 28 days along with blank formulation and pure LCDP. Control rats were fed with water. Animals were observed throughout experiment period and their body weight was recorded once weekly. Overnight fasted rats were sacrificed on the 29th day. Study revealed no signs or symptoms of toxicity or morbidity. No significant changes in the body weight were observed between treated and control group. Significant increase in left testis weight and liver weight was observed in male and female rats, respectively. Haematological estimation revealed significant decrease in haemoglobin count in male rats while female rats showed significant increase in granulocyte count. All the serum clinical parameters were within the normal range and no gross histopathological changes were observed. No delayed effect was noted in satellite group. The results indicate that developed LCDP loaded NLCs are safe when administered orally in rats.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah dengan Bermain Peran terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa

Jurnal Kiprah ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-77
Author(s):  
Ita Chairun Nissa ◽  
Ade Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
F Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Equivalent Control

Dua tantangan utama yang dihadapi oleh mahasiswa calon guru matematika adalah mampu berpikir dan bekerja seperti matematikawan dan memiliki keterampilan komunikasi, interaksi, dan kerjasama yang baik. Implikasi dari tantangan-tantangan ini adalah pentingnya untuk memiliki pendekatan pembelajaran yang dapat mendukung keduanya. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur efektivitas pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bermain peran terhadap hasil belajar mahasiswa. Penelitian ini adalah suatu quasi- experimental research dengan non-equivalent control group posttest only design. Populasi sebanyak 42 mahasiswa dibagi ke dalam kelompok eksperimen dan kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen diperlakukan dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bermain peran sedangkan kelompok kontrol hanya diperlakukan dengan pembelajaran berbasis masalah saja. Analisa data penelitian ini antara lain; (1) pengujian validitas tes menurut ahli, (2) pengujian reliabilitas tes dengan pearson correlation coefficient, (3) pengujian normalitas data melalui interpretasi skewness dan kurtosis, (4) pengujian homogenitas data dengan F-test, dan (5) pengujian hipotesis dengan t-test. Semua pengujian data dilakukan menggunakan analysis toolpak pada Microsoft Excel. Hasil pengujian hipotesis dengan t-test  menunjukkan bahwa thitung = 7.64 > ttabel = 1.68 yang artinya Ho ditolak pada α = 0.05. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran berbasis masalah dengan bermain peran efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah; Bermain Peran; Hasil Belajar

scholarly journals Effects of Age and Sex on the Healing of Acetic-Acid Induced Ulcerative Colitis in Adult Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Serah F. Ige ◽  
Waliyat O. Aremu ◽  
Bolade S. Olateju ◽  
Victor A. Oladipupo ◽  
Adedayo T. Adekola
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cell Numbers ◽  
Age And Sex

Aims: Ulcerative colitis is a disease of the bowel that occurs in all ages and affects both males and females. This research study was designed to investigate the effect of age and sex on the healing of colitis in rats. Methodology: Twenty - eight rats were randomly distributed into four groups of seven animals per group; adult male rats, mid age male rats, adult female rats and mid age female rats. Mid age and adult Wistar rats were 7- 8weeks and 14 weeks old respectively. Colitis was induced through a single intra-colonic instillation of 7% acetic acid (1mL/100g body weight) and allowed to heal for 14 days. Blood samples were obtained for analysis. Colon samples were also obtained for histomorphological study and biochemical assays (Myeloperoxidase activities, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione, Catalase and Malondialdehyde) levels. Results: There was no significant difference in Malondialdehyde concentration, catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Myeloperoxidase, Platelet Distribution Width, Platelet Count, Basophil cell numbers, Eosinophil cell numbers, platelet cells, Mean Platelet Volume , Mean Cell Volume and white blood cells across the groups. The Glutathione concentration in mid age male rats was significantly increased when compared with adult male rats. The haemoglobin , Lymphocytes and Mean Cell Haemoglobin levels were increased while neutrophils and monocyte levels were decreased in the younger female rats. The histomorphological study revealed poorly preserved surface epithelia layer of the colon in adult male rats while mid age male and female rats showed moderately preserved surface epithelia layer, adult female rats showed normal surface epithelia layer. Conclusion: Mid age rats heal faster than adult rats while in terms of sex, female rats tends to heal faster than male rats.

scholarly journals Bed-Based Ballistocardiography: Dataset and Ability to Track Cardiovascular Parameters

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Charles Carlson ◽  
Vanessa-Rose Turpin ◽  
Ahmad Suliman ◽  
Carl Ade ◽  
Steve Warren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Cardiovascular Parameters

Background: The goal of this work was to create a sharable dataset of heart-driven signals, including ballistocardiograms (BCGs) and time-aligned electrocardiograms (ECGs), photoplethysmograms (PPGs), and blood pressure waveforms. Methods: A custom, bed-based ballistocardiographic system is described in detail. Affiliated cardiopulmonary signals are acquired using a GE Datex CardioCap 5 patient monitor (which collects ECG and PPG data) and a Finapres Medical Systems Finometer PRO (which provides continuous reconstructed brachial artery pressure waveforms and derived cardiovascular parameters). Results: Data were collected from 40 participants, 4 of whom had been or were currently diagnosed with a heart condition at the time they enrolled in the study. An investigation revealed that features extracted from a BCG could be used to track changes in systolic blood pressure (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.54 +/− 0.15), dP/dtmax (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.51 +/− 0.18), and stroke volume (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.54 +/− 0.17). Conclusion: A collection of synchronized, heart-driven signals, including BCGs, ECGs, PPGs, and blood pressure waveforms, was acquired and made publicly available. An initial study indicated that bed-based ballistocardiography can be used to track beat-to-beat changes in systolic blood pressure and stroke volume. Significance: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other database that includes time-aligned ECG, PPG, BCG, and continuous blood pressure data is available to the public. This dataset could be used by other researchers for algorithm testing and development in this fast-growing field of health assessment, without requiring these individuals to invest considerable time and resources into hardware development and data collection.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Dissimilarities of EDI and SPI Measures for Drought Determination in South Africa

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Omolola M. Adisa ◽  
Muthoni Masinde ◽  
Joel O. Botai
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Drought Monitoring ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Drought Duration

This study examines the (dis)similarity of two commonly used indices Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) computed over accumulation periods 1-month, 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month (hereafter SPI-1, SPI-3, SPI-6, and SPI-12, respectively) and Effective Drought Index (EDI). The analysis is based on two drought monitoring indicators (derived from SPI and EDI), namely, the Drought Duration (DD) and Drought Severity (DS) across the 93 South African Weather Service’s delineated rainfall districts over South Africa from 1980 to 2019. In the study, the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and periodogram dissimilarity estimates were used. The results indicate a positive correlation for the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and a positive value for periodogram of dissimilarity in both the DD and DS. With the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity, the study demonstrates that the values of the SPI-1/EDI pair and the SPI-3/EDI pair exhibit the highest similar values for DD, while the SPI-6/EDI pair shows the highest similar values for DS. Moreover, dissimilarities are more obvious in SPI-12/EDI pair for DD and DS. When a periodogram of dissimilarity is used, the values of the SPI-1/EDI pair and SPI-6/EDI pair exhibit the highest similar values for DD, while SPI-1/EDI displayed the highest similar values for DS. Overall, the two measures show that the highest similarity is obtained in the SPI-1/EDI pair for DS. The results obtainable in this study contribute towards an in-depth knowledge of deviation between the EDI and SPI values for South Africa, depicting that these two drought indices values are replaceable in some rainfall districts of South Africa for drought monitoring and prediction, and this is a step towards the selection of the appropriate drought indices.

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