Lipid behavior in metabolic syndrome pathophysiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer Marzoog
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

: Undeniably, lipid plays an extremely important role in the homeostasis balance, since lipid contributes to the regulation of the metabolic processes. The metabolic syndrome pathogenesis is multi-pathway that composes neurohormonal disorders, endothelial cell dysfunction, metabolic disturbance, genetic predisposition, in addition to gut commensal microbiota. The heterogenicity of the possible mechanisms gives the metabolic syndrome its complexity and limitation of therapeutic accesses. The main pathological link that lipid contributes to the emergence of metabolic syndrome via central obesity and visceral obesity that consequently lead to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory response promotion. Physiologically, a balance is kept between the adiponectin and adipokines level to maintain the lipid level in the organism. Clinically, extremely important to define the borders of the lipid level in which the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome is reversible, otherwise will be accompanied by irreversible complications and sequelae of the metabolic syndrome (cardiovascular, insulin resistance). The present paper is dedicated to providing novel insights into the role of lipid in the development of metabolic syndrome hence dyslipidemia is the initiator of insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome).

scholarly journals Inflammation as a Link between Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faloia Emanuela ◽  
Michetti Grazia ◽  
De Robertis Marco ◽  
Luconi Maria Paola ◽  
Furlani Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory State

The metabolic syndrome is a complex of clinical features leading to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both sexes. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are considered the main features determining the negative cardiovascular profile in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to highlight the central role of obesity in the development of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that leads to insulin resistance, endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions. It is thought that the starting signal of this inflammation is overfeeding and the pathway origins in all the metabolic cells; the subsequent increase in cytokine production recruits immune cells in the extracellular environment inducing an overall systemic inflammation. This paper focuses on the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms studied until now.

scholarly journals Caloric Restriction Reverses Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Steatosis in Rats with Low Aerobic Capacity

Endocrinology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (11) ◽  
pp. 5157-5164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Bowman ◽  
Sadeesh K. Ramakrishnan ◽  
Meenakshi Kaw ◽  
Sang Jun Lee ◽  
Payal R. Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Hepatic Insulin Resistance ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Muscle Triglyceride

Rats selectively bred for low aerobic running capacity exhibit the metabolic syndrome, including hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, visceral obesity, and dyslipidemia. They also exhibit features of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, including chicken-wire fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Hyperinsulinemia in these rats is associated with impaired hepatic insulin clearance. The current studies aimed to determine whether these metabolic abnormalities could be reversed by caloric restriction (CR). CR by 30% over a period of 2–3 months improved insulin clearance in parallel to inducing the protein content and activation of the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1, a main player in hepatic insulin extraction. It also reduced glucose and insulin intolerance and serum and tissue (liver and muscle) triglyceride levels. Additionally, CR reversed inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis in liver. The data support a significant role of CR in the normalization of insulin and lipid metabolism in liver.

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation: Role of Insulin Resistance and Increased Adiposity

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wajiha Farooq ◽  
Umme Farwa ◽  
Faisal Rashid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

scholarly journals Metabolic aspects of the relationship of asthma and obesity

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oxana Y. Kytikova ◽  
Marina V. Antonyuk ◽  
Tatyana A. Gvozdenko ◽  
Tatyana Р. Novgorodtseva
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Common Mechanism ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Duration Of Hospitalization ◽  
Mechanisms Of Formation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Asthma and obesity are serious medical and social world problems, and their combined course is characterized by a decrease in the quality of life, an increase in the frequency and duration of hospitalization. The present review summarizes the current views on the mechanisms of formation of asthma phenotype combined with obesity, role of leptin and adiponectin imbalance in the development of systemic inflammation in obesity in the pathophysiology of asthma, its interrelations with metabolic syndrome. We present data that shows that syndrome is closely related not only to the debut of asthma, but also to a decrease in its control. Along with obesity, the role of other components of metabolic syndrome, in particular insulin resistance, as a predictor of asthma development is considered. Insulin resistance may be the most likely factor in the relationship between asthma and obesity, independent of other components of the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance associated with obesity can lead to disruption of nitric oxide synthesis. We reveal common mechanism of metabolic disorders of nitric oxide and arginine in metabolic syndrome and asthma and show that insulin resistance treatment can be therapeutically useful in patients with asthma in combination with obesity.

scholarly journals World endocrinology news

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-54
Author(s):  
M A Berkovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The role of interleukin-6 in insulin resistance, body fat distribution and energy balance Disorders of glucose metabolism and risk of oral cancer. Duration of lactation is associated with lower prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in midlife--SWAN, the study of women's health across the nation. Vitamin D deficiency and risk of cardiovascular disease. Adypocyte prolactin: regulation of release and putative functions.

scholarly journals The Mechanistic and Pathophysiological Role of Adiponectin and Resistin Towards Regulation of Food Intake and Appetite in Cardiovascular Associated Risk Factor of Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mimie Noratiqah Jumli ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Syndrome X ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

Insulin resistance syndrome or syndrome X is also known as metabolic syndrome (MetS). It is an emerging problem globally with the surge of increasing prevalence among urban population of developing countries. The etiology of pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome includes the inflammatory pathways of insulin resistance, deregulated appetite, diet-induced, inflammation-induced obesity, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secrets adipokines like adiponectin and resistin during physiological and pathological states. Moreover, the adipokines associated with diet-induced and inflammation-induced obesity have secondary deteriorating effects on cardiovascular system. Although, the adiponectin and resistin were potentially found in regulating food intake and appetite but their mediating effect on pathophysiology of CVD still needs future investigations. However, the prior studies reported the association of adiponectin and resistin levels with CVD complications related to food intake but still there is need to understand its multifactorial heterogeneity. Therefore, literature suggests figuring out potential target mechanistic and therapeutic approaches of adiponectin and resistin hormone towards food intake and appetite involvement in metabolic syndrome and CVD.

scholarly journals Diet to Reduce the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Menopause. The Logic for Olive Oil

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3184
Author(s):  
Juan José Hidalgo-Mora ◽  
Laura Cortés-Sierra ◽  
Miguel-Ángel García-Pérez ◽  
Juan J. Tarín ◽  
Antonio Cano
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Physiological Models ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The rates of metabolic syndrome are increasing in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, primarily due to its concomitant insulin resistance. This is particularly concerning for women, as the years around menopause are accompanied by an increase in visceral obesity, a strong determinant of insulin resistance. A fall in estrogens and increase in the androgen/estrogen ratio is attributed a determining role in this process, which has been confirmed in other physiological models, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. A healthy lifestyle, with special emphasis on nutrition, has been recommended as a first-line strategy in consensuses and guidelines. A consistent body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the Mediterranean diet, with olive oil as a vital component, has both health benefits and acceptable adherence. Herein, we provide an updated overview of current knowledge on the benefits of olive oil most relevant to menopause-associated metabolic syndrome, including an analysis of the components with the greatest health impact, their effect on basic mechanisms of disease, and the state of the art regarding their action on the main features of metabolic syndrome.

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