scholarly journals Diet to Reduce the Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Menopause. The Logic for Olive Oil

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3184
Author(s):  
Juan José Hidalgo-Mora ◽  
Laura Cortés-Sierra ◽  
Miguel-Ángel García-Pérez ◽  
Juan J. Tarín ◽  
Antonio Cano
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Physiological Models ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The rates of metabolic syndrome are increasing in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity, primarily due to its concomitant insulin resistance. This is particularly concerning for women, as the years around menopause are accompanied by an increase in visceral obesity, a strong determinant of insulin resistance. A fall in estrogens and increase in the androgen/estrogen ratio is attributed a determining role in this process, which has been confirmed in other physiological models, such as polycystic ovary syndrome. A healthy lifestyle, with special emphasis on nutrition, has been recommended as a first-line strategy in consensuses and guidelines. A consistent body of evidence has accumulated suggesting that the Mediterranean diet, with olive oil as a vital component, has both health benefits and acceptable adherence. Herein, we provide an updated overview of current knowledge on the benefits of olive oil most relevant to menopause-associated metabolic syndrome, including an analysis of the components with the greatest health impact, their effect on basic mechanisms of disease, and the state of the art regarding their action on the main features of metabolic syndrome.

Metabolic Syndrome During Menopause

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sezcan Mumusoglu ◽  
Bulent Okan Yildiz
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Aging Women

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) comprises individual components including central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension and it is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The menopause per se increases the incidence of MetS in aging women. The effect(s) of menopause on individual components of MetS include: i) increasing central obesity with changes in the fat tissue distribution, ii) potential increase in insulin resistance, iii) changes in serum lipid concentrations, which seem to be associated with increasing weight rather than menopause itself, and, iv) an association between menopause and hypertension, although available data are inconclusive. With regard to the consequences of MetS during menopause, there is no consistent data supporting a causal relationship between menopause and CVD. However, concomitant MetS during menopause appears to increase the risk of CVD. Furthermore, despite the data supporting the association between early menopause and increased risk of T2DM, the association between natural menopause itself and risk of T2DM is not evident. However, the presence and the severity of MetS appears to be associated with an increased risk of T2DM. Although the mechanism is not clear, surgical menopause is strongly linked with a higher incidence of MetS. Interestingly, women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have an increased risk of MetS during their reproductive years; however, with menopausal transition, the risk of MetS becomes similar to that of non-PCOS women.

Polycystic ovary syndrome: reproductive aspects

2011 ◽  
pp. 1229-1234
Author(s):  
Sophie Catteau-Jonard ◽  
Cécile Gallo ◽  
Didier Didier
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common cause of anovulation and hyperandrogenism in women, affecting between 5 and 10% of women of reproductive age worldwide (1). Although this difficult topic in endocrine gynaecology is under extensive research, controversies still remain about the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of PCOS. The PCOS phenotype can be structured in three components: manifestations of anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and the metabolic syndrome (of which hyperinsulinaemia secondary to insulin resistance is the central abnormality). The latter two are addressed in other chapters. Our knowledge about the mechanism of disturbed folliculogenesis in PCOS that is responsible for its reproductive aspects has much increased these last years, thus opening new avenues for the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals The Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Metabolic Syndrome: A Possible Chronobiotic-Cytoprotective Adjuvant Therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Spinedi ◽  
Daniel P. Cardinali
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
The Impact

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a highly frequent reproductive-endocrine disorder affecting up to 8–10% of women worldwide at reproductive age. Although its etiology is not fully understood, evidence suggests that insulin resistance, with or without compensatory hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenism are very common features of the polycystic ovary syndrome phenotype. Dysfunctional white adipose tissue has been identified as a major contributing factor for insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome. Environmental (e.g., chronodisruption) and genetic/epigenetic factors may also play relevant roles in syndrome development. Overweight and/or obesity are very common in women with polycystic ovary syndrome, thus suggesting that some polycystic ovary syndrome and metabolic syndrome female phenotypes share common characteristics. Sleep disturbances have been reported to double in women with PCOS and obstructive sleep apnea is a common feature in polycystic ovary syndrome patients. Maturation of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion pattern in girls in puberty is closely related to changes in the sleep-wake cycle and could have relevance in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome. This review article focuses on two main issues in the polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome phenotype development: (a) the impact of androgen excess on white adipose tissue function and (b) the possible efficacy of adjuvant melatonin therapy to improve the chronobiologic profile in polycystic ovary syndrome-metabolic syndrome individuals. Genetic variants in melatonin receptor have been linked to increased risk of developing polycystic ovary syndrome, to impairments in insulin secretion, and to increased fasting glucose levels. Melatonin therapy may protect against several metabolic syndrome comorbidities in polycystic ovary syndrome and could be applied from the initial phases of patients’ treatment.

Lipid behavior in metabolic syndrome pathophysiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer Marzoog
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Insulin Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Response ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

: Undeniably, lipid plays an extremely important role in the homeostasis balance, since lipid contributes to the regulation of the metabolic processes. The metabolic syndrome pathogenesis is multi-pathway that composes neurohormonal disorders, endothelial cell dysfunction, metabolic disturbance, genetic predisposition, in addition to gut commensal microbiota. The heterogenicity of the possible mechanisms gives the metabolic syndrome its complexity and limitation of therapeutic accesses. The main pathological link that lipid contributes to the emergence of metabolic syndrome via central obesity and visceral obesity that consequently lead to oxidative stress and chronic inflammatory response promotion. Physiologically, a balance is kept between the adiponectin and adipokines level to maintain the lipid level in the organism. Clinically, extremely important to define the borders of the lipid level in which the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome is reversible, otherwise will be accompanied by irreversible complications and sequelae of the metabolic syndrome (cardiovascular, insulin resistance). The present paper is dedicated to providing novel insights into the role of lipid in the development of metabolic syndrome hence dyslipidemia is the initiator of insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome).

A Unique Rodent Model of Cardiometabolic Risk Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 4425-4436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danni Shi ◽  
Michael K. Dyck ◽  
Richard R. E. Uwiera ◽  
Jim C. Russell ◽  
Spencer D. Proctor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Ovarian Morphology

Abstract Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligo-/anovulation, and polycystic ovarian morphology and is a complex endocrine disorder that also presents with features of the metabolic syndrome, including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. These latter symptoms form cardiometabolic risk factors predisposing individuals to the development of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). To date, animal models to study PCOS in the context of the metabolic syndrome and CVD risk have been lacking. The aim of this study was to investigate the JCR:LA-cp rodent as an animal model of PCOS associated with the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic indices were measured at 6 and 12 wk, and reproductive parameters including ovarian morphology and estrous cyclicity were assessed at 12 wk or adulthood. At 6 wk of age, the cp/cp genotype of the JCR:LA-cp strain developed visceral obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia) compared with control animals. Serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different between groups at 6 wk of age. However, at 12 wk, the cp/cp genotype had higher serum testosterone concentrations, compared with control animals, and presented with oligoovulation, a decreased number of corpora lutea, and an increased number of total follicles, in particular atretic and cystic follicles. The cardiometabolic risk factors in the cp/cp animals were exacerbated at 12 wk including obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. The results of this study demonstrate that the JCR:LA-cp rodent may be a useful PCOS-like model to study early mechanisms involved in the etiology of cardiometabolic risk factors in the context of both PCOS and the metabolic syndrome.

scholarly journals Inflammation as a Link between Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faloia Emanuela ◽  
Michetti Grazia ◽  
De Robertis Marco ◽  
Luconi Maria Paola ◽  
Furlani Giorgio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Subsequent Increase ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Inflammatory State

The metabolic syndrome is a complex of clinical features leading to an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus in both sexes. Visceral obesity and insulin resistance are considered the main features determining the negative cardiovascular profile in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this paper is to highlight the central role of obesity in the development of a chronic low-grade inflammatory state that leads to insulin resistance, endothelial and microvascular dysfunctions. It is thought that the starting signal of this inflammation is overfeeding and the pathway origins in all the metabolic cells; the subsequent increase in cytokine production recruits immune cells in the extracellular environment inducing an overall systemic inflammation. This paper focuses on the molecular and cellular inflammatory mechanisms studied until now.

scholarly journals Natriuretic peptides and cardiovascular damage in the metabolic syndrome: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

2009 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 231-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmine Savoia ◽  
Massimo Volpe ◽  
Alessandro Alonzo ◽  
Chiara Rossi ◽  
Speranza Rubattu
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Natriuretic Peptide ◽  
Natriuretic Peptides ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Vascular Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Blood Pressure Elevation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Natriuretic peptides are endogenous antagonists of vasoconstrictor and salt- and water-retaining systems in the body's defence against blood pressure elevation and plasma volume expansion, through direct vasodilator, diuretic and natriuretic properties. In addition, natriuretic peptides may play a role in the modulation of the molecular mechanisms involved in metabolic regulation and cardiovascular remodelling. The metabolic syndrome is characterized by visceral obesity, hyperlipidaemia, vascular inflammation and hypertension, which are linked by peripheral insulin resistance. Increased visceral adiposity may contribute to the reduction in the circulating levels of natriuretic peptides. The dysregulation of neurohormonal systems, including the renin–angiotensin and the natriuretic peptide systems, may in turn contribute to the development of insulin resistance in dysmetabolic patients. In obese subjects with the metabolic syndrome, reduced levels of natriuretic peptides may be involved in the development of hypertension, vascular inflammation and cardio vascular remodelling, and this may predispose to the development of cardiovascular disease. The present review summarizes the regulation and function of the natriuretic peptide system in obese patients with the metabolic syndrome and the involvement of altered bioactive levels of natriuretic peptides in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in patients with metabolic abnormalities.

scholarly journals Obesity is the basis of metabolic syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
A. F. Verbovoy ◽  
N. I. Verbovaya ◽  
Yu. A. Dolgikh
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Cardiovascular Risks ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Symptom Complex ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Positive Effect

Metabolic syndrome is a symptom complex that is based on visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Its prevalence is quite high, which is a big problem, since this condition increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and mortality from them. Metabolic syndrome includes, in addition to abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue plays a key role in the formation of insulin resistance and other components of the metabolic syndrome. This is due to the fact that abdominal fat, in contrast to subcutaneous fat, synthesizes pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as adipokines — adipose tissue hormones that are involved in the formation of insulin resistance, affect carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the cardiovascular system. These include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin and others. Some adipokines have an adverse effect on metabolism and increase cardiovascular risks, while others, on the contrary, have a positive effect. Taking into account their role in the development of the components of the metabolic syndrome, the possibilities of a therapeutic effect on the hormones of adipose tissue to improve metabolic processes and prevent complications associated with it are discussed.

scholarly journals Вплив інгібіторів ароматази третього покоління на окремі компоненти перебігу експериментального метаболічного синдрому

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Zagayko ◽  
D. V. Lytkin ◽  
A. V. Maloshtan
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitors ◽  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction. Nowadays, about 86 % among patients with metabolic syndrome have serious disorder of glucose tolerance and about 60 % of them suffer from visceral obesity. Moreover in many worldwide studies it was shown that these pathogenetic manifestations of the metabolic syndrome had a significant correlation with the imbalance of sex hormones.The aim of the study – to learn the effect of third-generation aromatase inhibitors on the parameters of insulin resistance and visceral obesity in hamsters with the experimental metabolic syndrome.Research Methods. The insulin level in the hamster`s blood serum was measured by the enzyme immunoassay method, and the glucose level by the electrochemical method. The mass coefficients of anatomical fragments of adipose tissue were calculated to estimate visceral obesity. The results were processed by using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the 4Pl method.Results and Discussion. All studied drugs, in varying degrees, influenced on the pathogenetic components of the experimental metabolic syndrome. Exemestane was demonstrated the greatest effectiveness in reducing parameter of the insulin resistance by, butletrozole – in decreasing of visceral obesity ratio.Сonclusion. Romatase inhibitors can become promising drugs for correcting the pathogenetic components of the metabolic syndrome, in particular insulin resistance and visceral obesity.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Characteristics of the Metabolic Syndrome in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1929-1935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teimuraz Apridonidze ◽  
Paulina A. Essah ◽  
Maria J. Iuorno ◽  
John E. Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
General Population ◽  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Acanthosis Nigricans ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by insulin resistance with compensatory hyperinsulinemia. Insulin resistance also plays a role in the metabolic syndrome (MBS). We hypothesized that the MBS is prevalent in PCOS and that women with both conditions would present with more hyperandrogenism and menstrual cycle irregularity than women with PCOS only. We conducted a retrospective chart review of all women with PCOS seen over a 3-yr period at an endocrinology clinic. Of the 161 PCOS cases reviewed, 106 met the inclusion criteria. The women were divided into two groups: 1) women with PCOS and the MBS (n = 46); and 2) women with PCOS lacking the MBS (n = 60). Prevalence of the MBS was 43%, nearly 2-fold higher than that reported for age-matched women in the general population. Women with PCOS had persistently higher prevalence rates of the MBS than women in the general population, regardless of matched age and body mass index ranges. Acanthosis nigricans was more frequent in women with PCOS and the MBS. Women with PCOS and the MBS had significantly higher levels of serum free testosterone (P = 0.002) and lower levels of serum SHBG (P = 0.001) than women with PCOS without the MBS. No differences in total testosterone were observed between the groups. We conclude that the MBS and its components are common in women with PCOS, placing them at increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Women with PCOS and the MBS differ from their counterparts lacking the MBS in terms of increased hyperandrogenemia, lower serum SHBG, and higher prevalence of acanthosis nigricans, all features that may reflect more severe insulin resistance.

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