The Effect of Sodium Metabisulphite on Apoptosis in the Experimental Model of Parkinson’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 296-305
Author(s):  
Ayse Ozkan ◽  
Hande Parlak ◽  
Aysel Agar ◽  
Özlem Özsoy ◽  
Gamze Tanriover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Sodium Metabisulphite ◽  
Apoptotic Protein

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying possible toxic effects of sulphite on neurodegeneration. Methods: Male Wistar rats were assigned to each of the four groups: Control (Control), Sulphite-treated (Sulphite), 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-injected (6-OHDA), and sulphite-treated and 6-OHDA-injected (6-OHDA+Sulphite). Sodium metabisulphite was administered orally by gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day for 45 days. Experimental PD was created stereotactically via the unilateral infusion of 6-OHDA into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB). Rotarod performances, plasma S-sulfonate levels, caspase-3 activities, Bax and Bcl-2 levels, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and cleaved caspase-3 double staining were investigated. Results: The rotarod test showed that the 6-OHDA-injected animals exhibited shorter time on the rod mile compared to the control group; however, there was no difference between 6-OHDA and 6-OHDA+Sulphite groups. Plasma levels of S-sulfonate in Sulphite and 6-OHDA+ Sulphite groups increased in contrast to their corresponding control groups. Caspase-3 enzyme activity increased in the 6-OHDA group whereas it did not in control. However, sulphite treatment did not affect these activity levels. Anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 concentration decreased, but the concentration of pro-apoptotic protein Bax increased in the 6-OHDA group compared to the control group. The expression of caspase-3 increased, while the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons decreased in 6-OHDA group as compared to the control groups. However, sulphite treatment had no effect on these parameters. Conclusion: Sulphite is not a potentially aggravating factor for the activity of caspase-3 in a 6- OHDA-induced experimental model of Parkinson’s disease.

scholarly journals Protective effect of estrogen on apoptosis in a cell culture model of Parkinson's disease

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue-Li Li ◽  
Wei-Dong Cheng ◽  
Juan Li ◽  
Xian-Ling Guo ◽  
Cun-Ju Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Apoptotic Protein ◽  
Cell Groups

Objectives: The protective effect of estrogen on the neurons in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of estrogen on the apoptosis and dopaminergic function on a cultured cell model of PD. Methods: The PD model was established by addition of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to PC12 cell culture. Estrogen was added to cell groups with MPP+ (Estrogen+MPP+), and without MPP+ (Estrogen only group). Cell viability, content of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), apoptosis ratio, expression of apoptosis-suppression protein Bcl-x and apoptosis-acceleration protein IL-1 beta converting enzyme (ICE) were measured. Results: Cell viability in the Estrogen+MPP+ group was similar to the control group but was higher than in the MPP+ group (P < 0.05). The apoptosis ratios in the Estrogen+MPP+ group (33.6%), and the control group (31.3%), were also similar, but it was lower than in the MPP+ group (63.5%, P < 0.05). Concentrations of Bcl-x were higher in the Estrogen+MPP+ group, whereas ICE concentrations were lower than in the MPP+ group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Estrogen suppresses apoptosis and improves cell viability in MPP+ induced injuries in the PC12 cells. The beneficial effects of estrogen on the PD model are due to the suppression of pro-apoptotic protein ICE, and stimulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-x.

scholarly journals Effects of Health Qigong Exercises on Relieving Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lei Liu ◽  
Shihui Chen ◽  
Yongtai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Timed Up And Go ◽  
Muscle Hardness ◽  
Hand Eye Coordination ◽  
And Control

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Health Qigong on the treatment and releasing symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Fifty-four moderate PD patients (N=54) were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. Twenty-eight PD patients were placed in the experimental group in which the prescribed medication plus Health Qigong exercise will be used as intervention. The other 26 PD patients as the control group were treated only with regular medication. Ten-week intervention had been conducted for the study, and participants completed the scheduled exercises 5 times per week for 60 minutes each time (10 minutes for warm-up, 40 minutes for the exercise, and 10 minutes for cooldown). Data which included the muscle hardness, one-legged blind balance, physical coordination, and stability was collected before, during, and after the intervention. Comparisons were made between the experimental and control groups through the Repeated Measures ANOVA. The results showed that PD patients demonstrate a significant improvement in muscle hardness, the timed “up and go,” balance, and hand-eye coordination (the turn-over-jars test). There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender, age, and course of differences (P<0.05). The study concluded that Health Qigong exercises could reduce the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and improve the body functions of PD patients in both the mild and moderate stages. It can be added as an effective treatment of rehabilitation therapy for PD.

scholarly journals METABOLIC CHANGES INDUCED BY BUSHENHUOXUE GRANULES ON STRIATUM AND SUBSTANTIA NIGRA IN A RAT MODEL OF PARKINSON’S DISEASE

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yunxia Guo ◽  
Junxiu Zhang ◽  
Shaodan Li ◽  
Yin Zhang ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Substantia Nigra ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Adenosine A2a Receptor ◽  
Rat Striatum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
A2a Receptor ◽  
Adenosine A2a

Background: Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease, while its mechanism is still unclear. Long-term levodopa-based treatment leads to decreased response or loss of response, as well as severe side effects. Our previous study has proved that Bushenhuoxue Granules have effects on Parkinson’s disease, but the underlying mechanism is still need to be explored. Our research is to investigate the mechanisms of Bushenhuoxue Granules on Parkinson’s disease (PD) by examining changes in the expression of the adenosine A2A receptor、vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2)、divalent metal transporter 1（DMT1） and nuclear factor E2 related (Nrf2) in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (PD) . Materials and Methods: Changes in the apomorphine (APO)-induced rotational behavior of rats were observed after treatment. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate changes in adenosine A2A receptor 、VMAT2、DMT1 and Nrf2 expression in the rat striatum and substantia nigra. Results: Rotations after treatment were199.11 ± 27.16, which significantly decreased compared with that before treatment ( 273.0 ± 44.61, p < 0.01). Adenosine A2A receptor expression in the striatum was 3.10 ± 0.34 significantly increased in the model group and decreased in the normal control group, whereas the expression level in the Bushenhuoxue group was 1.13 ± 0.23,p < 0.05 between the two control groups. No adenosine A2A receptor expression was observed in the substantia nigra. VMAT2 expression in the rat striatum was 23.20 ± 2.68 and substantia nigra was 15.98 ± 0.70 increased in the normal control group. They were 8.99 ± 0.48 in the rat striatum and 8.45 ± 0.59 substantia nigra significantly decreased in the model control group, whereas the expression level in the Bushenhuoxue group was 15.36 ± 0.89 in the rat striatum and 11.69 ± 1.17 in the rat substantia nigra (p < 0.05), also between the two control groups. DMT1 expression in the rat striatum was 3.30 ± 0.30 and substantia nigra was 6.56 ± 0.64 decreased in the normal control group. They were 7.92 ± 0.52 in the rat striatum and 12.76 ± 0.86 substantia nigra significantly increased in the model control group, whereas the expression level in the Bushenhuoxue group was 6.17 ± 0.27 in the rat striatum and 9.13 ± 0.44 in the rat substantia nigra (p < 0.05), also between the two control groups. Nrf2 expression in the rat striatum was 7.90 ± 0.29 and substantia nigra was 15.22 ± 1.22 increased in the normal control group. They were 3.09 ± 0.43 in the rat striatum and 8.57 ± 0.54 substantia nigra significantly decreased in the model control group, whereas the expression level in the Bushenhuoxue group was 5.00 ± 0.34 in the rat striatum and 12.46 ± 0.62 in the rat substantia nigra (p< 0.05), also between the two control groups. Conclusion: Bushenhuoxue Granules significantly improved the rotational behavior of PD’s rats, decreased adenosine A2A receptor expression, and increased VMAT2 expression; decreased DMT1 expression, and increased Nfr2 expression.

scholarly journals Contact with a Nurse Practitioner: A Short-Term Evaluation Study in Parkinson’s Disease and Dystonia

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Jahanshahi ◽  
R. G. Brown ◽  
C. Whitehouse ◽  
N. Quinn ◽  
C. D. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sampling Bias ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Intervention Programme

Forty patients with Parkinson's disease and 24 patients with dystonia took part in a study aiming to assess the value of access to and contact with a nurse practitioner over a 6 month period. Patients in each group were randomly allocated to “intervention” or “control” groups, which were matched on important variables. All patients completed a set of questionnaires relating to psychosocial function at two time points separated by 6 months. In the intervening period, those allocated to the “intervention” group received two home visits and five telephone calls from the nurse practitioner. This contact was not provided to the “control” group. The nurse practitioner had a major impact on the provision of information and the facilitation of referral to other health-care agencies. The results of an independent assessment indicated that the patients in the “intervention” programme had found access to and contact with a nurse practitioner of great value. In contrast, the results of the questionnaire assessment did not reveal any statistically significant change in psychosocial functioning from the first to the second assessment for either the “intervention” or “control” groups. The lack of change in the questionnaire measures is discussed in terms of possible sampling bias and the duration of intervention and follow-up. Recommendations are made for future studies, and for the possible provision of clinical services.

scholarly journals A Prospective Study of 50 Cases of Familial Parkinson’s Disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine Roy ◽  
Liette Boyer ◽  
André Barbeau
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Genetic Transmission ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Familial Parkinson’S Disease

SUMMARY:In a recent paper (Barbeau and Pourcher, 1982) we demonstrated that so-called “idiopathic” Parkinson’s disease is not a homogeneous entity, and defined the existence of a sub-group of patients with genetic parkinsonism. To investigate this last possibility, and to uncover possible metabolic clues as to the etiology of such cases, we carried out a prospective study of 50 kindreds with “familial” parkinsonism. Two control groups were similarly studied: 50 kindreds with essential tremor (neurological control group) and 50 kindreds originating from spouses of the previous patients (non neurological control group). We uncovered two main patterns of genetic transmission within the parkinsonian patients: a parkinsonism related to dominant essential tremor (34 kindreds; 10% of all Parkinsonians) and a recessive “akineto-rigid syndrome” (10 kindreds; 3–4% of all Parkinsonians). A further 4 kindreds assumed a pseudo-dominant pattern but were probably recessive. Finally 2 kindreds were obviously other entities presenting as “phenocopies” of Parkinson’s disease. Metabolically, hyperthyroidism appeared to be more frequent in essential tremor and “essential-tremor related parkinsonism” kindreds, while hypothyroidism and possibly hypoparathyroidism (post surgery) seemed more frequent in the recessive akineto-rigid syndrome kindreds.

scholarly journals Executive dysfunction and motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 246-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indira Silveira Campos-Sousa ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Campos-Sousa ◽  
Luiz Ataíde Jr ◽  
Marta Maria de Brito Soares ◽  
Kelson James Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Inductive Reasoning ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
And Control ◽  
Operational Memory

The aim of this study is to analyze executive function and motor symptoms in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The sample consisted of 44 subjects with PD between the ages of 45 to 75, who were examined consecutively. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the duration of the disease. The control group was composed of spouses, family and accompanying members. Patients included were submitted to motor dysfunction evaluation using the UPDRS. The executive functions modalities analyzed included: operational memory, inhibitory control, planning, cognitive flexibility and inductive reasoning. Significant differences between the experimental and control groups were found in all the executive domains studied. Evidence of tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia correlation with executive dysfunction were not observed. Patients with PD, even in the initial phase of the disease, presented executive dysfunction. The cardinal motor signs of the disease were not correlated with the cognitive dysfunction found.

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