Changes of Phytochemical Contents in Sweet and Waxy Corn (Zea mays L.) as Affected by Cultivars and Growth Stages

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-169
Author(s):  
Anuchita Moongngarm ◽  
Amaraphon Homduang ◽  
Wariya Hochin
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Waxy Corn ◽  
Phytochemical Contents

Background: Sweet and waxy corn (Zea mays L.) are high in phytochemicals which vary depending on several factors including corn cultivars and the maturation stage. Methods: Five commercial sweet and waxy corn cultivars were grown and their major phytochemical compositions were investigated at the milk, late milk, and soft dough stages. Phytochemicals in corn samples harvested from each kernel maturation stage were determined as total phenolic compounds, anthocyanins, tocopherols, and carotenoids. Results: Significant interactions between the corn cultivars and maturation stage were detected for all phytochemical compositions, with changes in their concentration during seed development. Total phenolic compounds and total anthocyanins were highest in the dark purple waxy variety (316.74 mg GAE/100 g of DW and 522.21 mg CGE/100 g of DW, respectively) in which cyanidin was the major anthocyanin. Carotenoid compositions were also affected by corn type and harvesting stage. The yellow sweet cultivars indicated higher levels of carotenoids than other colors, with lutein as the major carotenoid at concentrations from 0.05 to 8.46 µg/g of DW. Contents of γ-tocotrienol, γ-tocopherol, and α-tocopherol were observed in all five corn cultivars with similar influences of the maturation stage. Conclusion: Results suggested that the phytochemical contents of all five corn types showed diverse reliance regarding cultivars and maturity stages. The purple waxy and yellow sweet corn cultivars contained a high level of phytochemicals. This would open up a useful opportunity for the functional food industry as consumption of these corn cultivars would afford health benefits to consumers.

scholarly journals SELETIVIDADE INICIAL DE MESOTRIONE EM FUNÇÃO DE MODALIDADES DE APLICAÇÃO NA CULTURA DO MILHO DOCE

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 569
Author(s):  
MYLLA RIBEIRO ÁVILA ◽  
SIDNEI DOUGLAS CAVALIERI ◽  
SERAFIM MARTINS CUNHA FILHO ◽  
MATEUS FELIPE GONÇALVES ◽  
FERNANDA SATIE IKEDA
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Relevant Interaction ◽  
Corn Hybrid

RESUMO - No Brasil, o controle químico de plantas daninhas em milho doce baseia-se em herbicidas registrados para milho comum. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar, por meio de curvas de dosagem-resposta, a seletividade inicial do herbicida mesotrione ao milho doce em função de modalidades de aplicação. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, utilizando-se delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 5x3, com cinco repetições. Foram avaliadas cinco dosagens de mesotrione (0, 72, 144, 288 e 576 g ha-1) e três épocas de aplicação do herbicida (pré-emergência em pós-semeadura, pós-emergência em estádio V3 e pós-emergência em estádio V6), totalizando 15 tratamentos. As avaliações foram realizadas de forma a estudar os efeitos de mesotrione relacionados a intoxicação, índice SPAD, crescimento e massa de matéria seca de parte aérea das plantas. Não foi observada interação significativa (p<0,05) entre os fatores avaliados (épocas de aplicação e dosagens do herbicida) no presente estudo. O mesotrione apresenta seletividade à cultura do milho doce híbrido Tropical Plus até quatro vezes a dosagem recomendada do herbicida (4 x 144 g ha-1) ou (576 g ha-1) tanto em aplicações em pré-emergência quanto em pós-emergência (estádios V3 e V6).Palavras-chave: Zea mays L. grupo saccharata, época de aplicação, fitointoxicação, herbicida, inibidor de carotenoides. INITIAL SELECTIVITY OF MESOTRIONE AS FUNCTION OF APPLICATION MODALITIES ON SWEET CORN  ABSTRACT - In Brazil, the chemical control of weeds in sweet corn uses herbicides registered for common corn. This study aimed at evaluate the initial selectivity of the herbicide mesotrione to sweet corn, by dosage-response curves in different application modalities. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with randomized blocks design in factorial scheme 5x3 and five replications. Five dosages of mesotrione (0, 72, 144, 288 and 576 g ha-1) and three periods of application of the herbicide (pre-emergence at post-sowing, post-emergence at V3 and post-emergence at V6), with 15 treatments in total, were assessed. Assessments were carried out to analyze the effects of mesotrione related to intoxication, SPAD index, growth and biomass of the aerial part of the plants. No relevant interaction was detected in the study (p<0,05) between the assessed factors (periods of application and herbicide dosages). Mesotrione is selective to sweet corn hybrid Tropical Plus up to four times the recommended dosage of the herbicide (4 x 144 g ha-1) or (576 g ha-1) both in pre-emergence and post-emergence applications (V3 and V6 growth stages).Keywords: Zea mays L. group saccharata, periods of application, phyto-intoxication, herbicide, carotenoid inhibitor.

scholarly journals Combination of Selenium and UVA Radiation Affects Growth and Phytochemicals of Broccoli Microgreens

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (15) ◽  
pp. 4646
Author(s):  
Meifang Gao ◽  
Rui He ◽  
Rui Shi ◽  
Yamin Li ◽  
Shiwei Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Phytochemical Contents ◽  
Uva Radiation

Addition of selenium or application of ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation for crop production could be an effective way of producing phytochemical-rich food. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of selenium and UVA radiation, as well as their combination on growth and phytochemical contents in broccoli microgreens. There were three treatments: Se (100 μmol/L Na2SeO3), UVA (40 μmol/m2/s) and Se + UVA (with application of Se and UVA). The control (CK) was Se spraying-free and UVA radiation-free. Although treatment with Se or/and UVA inhibited plant growth of broccoli microgreens, results showed that phytochemical contents increased. Broccoli microgreens under the Se treatment had higher contents of total soluble sugars, total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, ascorbic acid, Fe, and organic Se and had lower Zn content. The UVA treatment increased the contents of total chlorophylls, total soluble proteins, total phenolic compounds, and FRAP. However, the Se + UVA treatment displayed the most remarkable effect on the contents of total anthocyanins, glucoraphanin, total aliphatic glucosinolates, and total glucosinolates; here, significant interactions between Se and UVA were observed. This study provides valuable insights into the combinational selenium and UVA for improving the phytochemicals of microgreens grown in an artificial lighting plant factory.

Phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Malus baccata (L.) Borkh. fruits

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Petkova ◽  
Manol Ognyanov ◽  
Blaga Inyutin ◽  
Petar Zhelev ◽  
Panteley Denev
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Frap Assay ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Malus Baccata

Crab apple (Malus baccata (L.) Borkh.) was mainly distributed in Europe as an ornamental plant, but the nutritional properties of its edible fruits were not fully revealed. The aim of the current study was to characterize the phytochemical composition of ripen carb apple fruits and to evaluate their nutritional and antioxidant potentials. The fruits were assayed for moisture and ash content, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, titratable acidity (TA), pH, total phenolic compounds and natural pigments. Among the analyzed carbohydrates cellulose was found in the highest content (6% dw), followed by sugars (sucrose, glucose and fructose) and 1.8 % dw uronic acids. The total chlorophylls and carotenoids contents in their fruits were 6.51 and 4.80 μg/g fw, respectively. Total monomeric anthocyanins were not detected. The highest content of total phenolic compounds (2.67 mg GAE/g fw) was found in 95 % ethanol extract from fruits, while the total flavonoids were relatively low – 0.1 mg QE/g fw. DPPH assay (17.27 mM TE/g fw) and FRAP assay (14.34 mM TE/g fw) demonstrated in vitro antioxidant activities of crabapple. Malus baccata fruits were evaluated as a rich source of dietary fibers and phenolic compounds with significant antioxidant potential that could be used in human nutrition.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Silicon and Proline Application on the Oxidative Machinery in Drought-Stressed Sugar Beet

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 398
Author(s):  
Muneera D. F. AlKahtani ◽  
Yaser M. Hafez ◽  
Kotb Attia ◽  
Emadeldeen Rashwan ◽  
Latifa Al Husnain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Yield Parameters

Drought stress deleteriously affects growth, development and productivity in plants. So, we examined the silicon effect (2 mmol) and proline (10 mmol) individually or the combination (Si + proline) in alleviating the harmful effect of drought on total phenolic compounds, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chlorophyll concentration and antioxidant enzymes as well as yield parameters of drought-stressed sugar beet plants during 2018/2019 and 2019/2020 seasons. Our findings indicated that the root diameter and length (cm), root and shoot fresh weights (g plant−1) as well as root and sugar yield significantly decreased in sugar beet plants under drought. Relative water content (RWC), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents and chlorophyll (Chl) concentration considerably reduced in stressed sugar beet plants that compared with control in both seasons. Nonetheless, lipid peroxidation (MDA), electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2●−) considerably elevated as signals of drought. Drought-stressed sugar beet plants showed an increase in proline accumulation, total phenolic compounds and up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity to mitigate drought effects. Si and proline individually or the combination Si + proline considerably increased root and sugar yield, sucrose%, Chl concentration and RWC, MDA and EL were remarkably reduced. The treatments led to adjust proline and total phenolic compounds as well as CAT and SOD activity in stressed sugar beet plants. We concluded that application of Si + proline under drought stress led to improve the resistance of sugar beet by regulating of proline, antioxidant enzymes, phenolic compounds and improving RWC, Chl concentration and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (NPK) contents as well as yield parameters.

Vegetative propagation, chemical composition and antioxidant activity of yerba mate genotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽  
Renata de Almeida Maggioni ◽  
Jéssica de Cássia Tomasi ◽  
Erik Nunes Gomes ◽  
Ivar Wendling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Vegetative Propagation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Total Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Leaf Retention ◽  
Correlated Components

Abstract Ilex paraguariensis, commonly known as yerba mate, is a tree species native to South America. Its commercial value is due to the manufacturing of teas, with potential also in the pharmacological and cosmetic industries. Vegetative propagation of yerba mate is considered an innovation to the traditional production systems based on sexual propagation. The present study aimed to evaluate the rhizogenic potential and chemical attributes of mini-cuttings from 15 yerba mate genotypes, as well as to verify the correlation between phytochemical and rooting-related variables. Mini-cuttings were collected from a pre-existing mini-clonal hedge and the experimental design was completely randomized, with 15 treatments (genotypes), four replications and 10 mini-cuttings per plot. After 120 days, mini-cuttings were assessed regarding rooting, mortality, callogenesis and leaf retention percentages, percentage of mini-cuttings with both calluses and roots, number of roots and average root length. At the time of collection, subsamples from each plot were used for phytochemical analyses including total phenolic compounds, protein, caffeine and theobromine contents and antioxidant activity. Rooting percentages ranged from 5 to 72.5%, with significant variation among genotypes. Adventitious rooting and phytochemical profile of yerba mate mini-cuttings are genotype-dependent. Leaf retention is a relevant factor in the rooting of yerba mate mini-cuttings and the levels of total phenolic compounds, antioxidants and theobromine present in mini-cuttings are negatively correlated components to Ilex paraguariensis adventitious rooting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document