Exploring Iranian Women’s Perceptions and Experiences of Their Spouses’ Behavior towards Male Factor Infertility: A Qualitative Study

Background: Infertility, as a life crisis, affects women more than men, even when women are not infertile. Objective: This study was conducted aimed at exploring Iranian women’s perceptions and experiences of their husbands’ behavior towards male factor infertility. Methods: This qualitative study was performed using content analysis. A purposeful sampling method was employed and continued until data saturation for women who had referred to Milad Fertility Clinic and Health Care Centers within the time period of 2014-2015 in Mashhad, Iran, with their husbands being infertile. Thirty semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with 18 women. Conventional content analysis was employed to analyze the data. Besides, Lincoln and Guba's evaluative criteria were utilized to check the trustworthiness of the study. Results: Perceived spousal emotional distress was the main topic of the study, which consisted of two subgroups, i.e., 1- husbands’ chaotic emotions with the sub-categories, including the “feelings of inferiority and incompetence”, “isolationism in life”, “irritability and arrogance”, “pessimism and cynicism”, as well as “anxiety and aggression”, and 2- husbands’ reluctance to seek treatment, including “inattention to medical prescriptions”, “resistance to the sperm analysis test”, and “opposition to the assisted reproductive technology and adoption”. Conclusion: Male infertility can lead to marital problems and mistreatment of women. Hence, supportive and preventive measures are required to improve the conditions of such women.

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Exploring the Barriers of Moral Courage from Iranian Nurses' Point of View: A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-200452/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

mahnaz rakhshan ◽

noushin mousazadeh ◽

hamideh hakimi ◽

Fahimeh alsadat Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Moral Courage ◽

Point Of View ◽

Hospital Nurses ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Quantitative Studies ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Conventional Content Analysis

Abstract Background: Nursing is a caring profession. Due to the nature of their, nurses need moral courage to deliver safe nursing care. Research results have reported a low level of moral courage in the majority of nurses. So the current study aimed to explore the barriers to the formation of moral courage nurses who work in hospitals.Methods: In this qualitative study, conventional content analysis was used to explain the barriers to moral courage in hospital nurses. Data was gathered using in-person, semi-structured in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted from March to September 2020. Purposeful sampling was used and sampling was continued until data saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using conventional content analysis. Participants were 19 nurses working in hospitals in Iran. Results: Three main themes extracted including organizational failure, deterrent individual identity, and defeated professional culture as well as six categories and eighteen sub-categories.Conclusions: The results of this study revealed the barriers to moral courage which were usually overlooked in previous quantitative studies. It appears that the elimination of these barriers is an effective step in the improvement of nurses’ competencies and delivered care. The results of this study can be helpful in the development of management programs to identify the factors affecting nurses' moral courage and how to improve it.

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Barriers to self-care in elderly people with hypertension: a qualitative study

Working with Older People ◽

10.1108/wwop-08-2018-0016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 243-251

Author(s):

Hanieh Gholamnejad ◽

Ali Darvishpoor Kakhki ◽

Fazlollah Ahmadi ◽

Camelia Rohani

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Elderly People ◽

Self Care ◽

Content Type ◽

Common Chronic Disease ◽

Face To Face ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Conventional Content Analysis

Purpose Hypertension is the most common chronic disease throughout the world. Self-care is the key criteria in determining the final course of the disease. However, the majority of elderly people do not observe self-care behaviors. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the experiences of elderly people with hypertension in order to understand the barriers of their self-care behaviors. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study with a conventional content analysis approach conducted in Tehran, Iran in 2017. Data collection was done among 23 participants – 14 elderly people; 6 cardiologists, geriatric physicians and nurses working in the cardiovascular ward; and 3 caregivers – who were selected by purposeful sampling. Using semi-structured, face-to-face interviews, data collection was continued until data saturation. Findings Three main categories, including attitude limitations, inefficient supportive network and desperation, all showed barriers to self-care by the experiences of elderly people with hypertension. Originality/value Lack of knowledge of the disease and its treatment process is one of the main barriers to self-care in elderly people with hypertension. Deficient supportive resources along with economic and family problems exacerbate the failure to do self-care behaviors.

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Spiritual self-care in adolescents: a qualitative study

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2019-0248 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Nafiseh Hekmati Pour ◽

Gholam Reza Mahmoodi-Shan ◽

Abbas Ebadi ◽

Nasser Behnampour

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Self Care ◽

Spiritual Needs ◽

Religious Activities ◽

Spiritual Beliefs ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

Spiritual Self ◽

Age Range

AbstractObjectivesOne of the existential questions during adolescence is about the ambiguity in spiritual realms. Adolescents at this age not only have the spiritual, psychological, and unique needs, but also have spiritual needs that help them to relax and solve problems. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to understand the concept of spiritual self-care in Iranian adolescents in 2019.MethodsThis qualitative study with content analysis approach was conducted on 14 adolescents with the age range of 14–20 years, who had been selected by purposeful sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews which were carried out between 4 March 2019 and 20 August 2019.ResultsThe interviews were transcribed immediately after the recording, and then were analyzed using direct content analysis. A total of 252 primary codes related to the adolescents’ spiritual self-care were extracted from the analysis, which determined 4 main aspects of spiritual self-care (spiritual belief, spiritual experience, social-religious activities, and spiritual growth).ConclusionsThe findings of this study showed that, spiritual self-care is a form of self-care by which a person uses his or her spiritual beliefs, teachings, and experiences as a source of control over stress and crises, and will be able to cope with problems.

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The role of working environment in nurses’ career advancement from nursing mangers’ perspectives: A qualitative study

Journal of Hospital Administration ◽

10.5430/jha.v5n4p49 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 49 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mohammad Reza Sheikhi ◽

Masoud Fallahi Khoshknab ◽

Farahnaz Mohammadi ◽

Fatemeh Oskouie

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Career Advancement ◽

Working Environment ◽

Medical Sciences ◽

Nursing Managers ◽

Content Analysis Method ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Purposive Sample

Background: Nurses’ career advancement is a dynamic and unique concept which is explained in the context of working environment.Objective: This study aimed to explore the role of working environment in nurses’ career advancement from Nursing Mangers’ Perspectives.Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using content analysis method. Eighteen nursing managers from hospitals affiliated to Qazvin, Tehran, Iran and Shahid Beheshti Medical Sciences Universities participated in the study. A purposive sample of nursing mangers with rich experiences and maximum variations were selected and continued to reaching data saturation. The data were analyzed using content analysis method.Results: Participants believed that working environment have two major roles in nurses’ career advancement including motivating and restricting roles. According to nursing mangers, motivating working environment had facilitating role, while restricting working environment had blocking role in Iranian nurses’ career advancement.Conclusions: It seems that recognizing characteristics of working environment could assist nurses and nursing managers to develop conditions of working environment facilitating career advancement for nurses and decrease restrictive factors.

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The Mental Health Crises of the Families of COVID-19 Victims: A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-35698/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

fateme mohammadi ◽

Khodayar Oshvandi ◽

Farshid Shamsaei ◽

Fateme Cheraghi ◽

mostafa bijani

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Cultural Context ◽

Job Insecurity ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Individual Interviews ◽

Medical Centers ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

The Future ◽

Data Saturation

Abstract Background: The bereaved families of COVID-19 victims are among the most vulnerable social groups in the COVID-19 pandemic. This highly infectious and contagious disease has afflicted these families with numerous psychological crises which have not been studied much yet. The present study is an attempt at investigating the psychological challenges and issues which the families of COVID-19 victims are faced with. The present study aims to identify the Mental Health crises which the families of COVID-19 deceased victims are going through.Methods: A qualitative research, the present study uses a conventional content analysis design. The participants were 16 members of the families of COVID-19 victims selected from medical centers in Iran from February to May 2020 via purposeful sampling. Sampling continued to the point of data saturation Data were collected via semi-structured individual interviews conducted online. The collected data were analyzed according to the conventional qualitative content analysis approach.Results: Analyses of the data yielded two main themes—emotional shock and fear of the future—with nine categories. Conclusion: The families of COVID-19 deceased victims are affected by various psychological crises which have exposed them to a deep sense of loss and emotional shock. In addition, the instability in the family following the loss of a family member and job insecurity due to the COVID crisis have caused them to be very worried about the future. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a cultural context which recognizes and supports all the various aspects of the mental health of these families.

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Ups and downs of drug rehab among women: a qualitative study

10.21203/rs.2.13817/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

zahra boroumandfar ◽

masoud kianpour ◽

maryam afshari

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Lived Experience ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Vulnerable Group ◽

Addiction Prevention ◽

Theoretical Sampling ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Conventional Content Analysis

Abstract Background: due to the increasing importance of addicted women and the need to pay particular attention to this vulnerable group, and more awareness of women-specific addiction prevention and rehab programs among authorities. Objectives: In this content analysis of qualitative study we explored experiences of the women’s experience of the ups and downs of drug rehab Methods: 30 participants (addicted women) were selected through purposive and theoretical sampling until data saturation. Data collection was conducted through semi structured interviews. Conventional content analysis was utilized to analyze the transcribed interviews. Results: Based on analysis of the obtained results, the experience of women from the ups and downs of leaving the drug abuse yielded two themes and nine sub-themes. The themes were “the need for emancipation” and “Sinking factors”. Conclusions: It is concluded that addiction rehab strategies can only lead the addicted women to a brighter life when, along with open-hearted assistance by the families, women-specific rehab centers are established to help them meet their specific needs. Keywords: Substance Use, Lived Experience, Addiction disorders, Women's Health, qualitative study

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Examining Students’ Opinions about STEAM Activities

Journal of Education and Training Studies ◽

10.11114/jets.v5i9.2584 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (9) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Gulbin Ozkan ◽

Unsal Umdu Topsakal

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Positive Attitude ◽

Energy Unit ◽

Evaluation Form ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Data Collection Instrument

The purpose of this study is to determine the opinions of students about STEAM activities. This qualitative study was conducted on the with 7th grade students (n=37) who are studying at a public school in Istanbul. A purposeful sampling was used in this study. Nine STEAM activities were used while teaching Force and Energy unit. An evaluation form which is composed of open-ended questions was used as a data collection instrument at the end of the teaching process. The responses provided by students for the evaluation form were analysed qualitatively to determine the opinions of students about the activities. The study was structured as qualitative research and content analysis technique was used to evaluate the obtained data. The findings revealed that a relatively positive attitude about STEAM activities and the contribution that the approach had on students. It was therefore concluded that students have few negative opinions about STEAM activities.

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Psychological Distress among Iranian Health-Care Providers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Qualitative Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-29738/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Azizeh Alizadeh ◽

Hamid Reza Khankeh ◽

Mohammad Barati ◽

Yazdan Ahmadi ◽

Arash Hadian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Health Care Providers ◽

Care Providers ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Corona Virus ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Health Demands

Abstract Background Novel corona virus pneumonia, named COVID-19, has spread rapidly to other countries like Italy, Iran and South Korea and affected all people, especially health-care providers. Therefore, due to the rapid spread of the disease in Iran, the aim of the present study was to explore psychological distress experienced by Iranian health-care providers in the first few weeks of the corona virus outbreak. Methods The present qualitative study was conducted on 18 Iranian health-care providers exposed to COVID − 19 using a content analysis method. Purposeful sampling was used to select the participants and continued until data saturation was reached. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and then the qualitative data were analyzed through direct content analysis. Results By analyzing 236 primary codes, three main categories, including demands, job resources and individual resources were extracted from the experiences of health-care providers during corona virus outbreak. These categories each included several sub-categories, which were classified according to their significant characteristics. Conclusions .Psychological protection of health care workers is an important component in addressing the COVID-19 epidemic. Understanding the health care providers’ experiences and their mental health demands during public health emergency might help medical workers and managers to response better to a disaster.

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Hospital preparedness challenges in biological disasters: A qualitative study

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ◽

10.1017/dmp.2020.434 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Mohsen Aminizadeh ◽

Mehrdad Farrokhi ◽

Abbas Ebadi ◽

Gholam Reza Masoumi ◽

Pirhossein Kolivand ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Content Analysis ◽

Health System ◽

Qualitative Method ◽

Qualitative Content Analysis ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

Safety And Health ◽

Data Saturation ◽

Hospital Preparedness ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Objective: Identification of hospital preparedness challenges against biological events such as COVID-19 is essential to improve dynamics, quality and business continuity confidence in the health system. Accordingly, the purpose of the present study is to evaluate the challenges of hospital preparedness in biological events. Methods: This study employed a qualitative method using content analysis in which 20 healthcare managers and experts who are experienced in biological events were selected through purposeful sampling. The data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, which continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis as well as the Landman and Graneheim Approach. Results: Six main concepts (training and practice, resource management, safety and health, patient management, risk communication, and laboratory and surveillance) and 14 sub-concepts were extracted on hospital preparedness challenges in biological events through analyzing interviews. Conclusions: The present study indicated that the health system of the country faces many challenges in response to biological events and threats. Moreover, study participants indicated that Iranian hospitals were not prepared for biological events. It is recommended to design preparedness plans of hospitals based on preparedness standards for biological events. In addition, comprehensive measures are required to enhance their capacity to respond to biological emergencies.

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Sampling in Qualitative Research

Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics - Qualitative Techniques for Workplace Data Analysis ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5366-3.ch002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 25-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Musarrat Shaheen ◽

Sudeepta Pradhan ◽

Ranajee

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Sample Size ◽

Sample Size Estimation ◽

Sampling Techniques ◽

Size Estimation ◽

The Past ◽

Purposeful Sampling ◽

Data Saturation ◽

The Right

The chapter discusses different types of sampling methods used in qualitative research to select information-rich cases. Two types of sampling techniques are discussed in the past qualitative studies—the theoretical and the purposeful sampling techniques. The chapter illustrates these two types of sampling techniques relevant examples. The sample size estimation and the point of data saturation and data sufficiency are also discussed in the chapter. The chapter will help the scholars and researchers in selecting the right technique for their qualitative study.

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