Quinone-Based Drugs: An Important Class of Molecules in Medicinal Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor F. Ferreira ◽  
Alcione S. de Carvalho ◽  
Patricia G. Ferreira ◽  
Carolina G. S. Lima ◽  
Fernando de C. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Drug Combination ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
New Applications ◽  
Pharmaceutical Uses

Background: Several quinones are on the pharmaceutical market as drugs for the treatment of several diseases. Objective: The aim of this review was to provide an overview on the quinones that have become drugs for several therapeutic applications. Method: We have comprehensively and critically discussed all the information available in the literature about quinonebased drugs. Results: In this review, the various aspects of the chemistry and biochemistry of these drugs are highlighted, including their repositioning, drug combination and their new uses. Conclusion: The number of studies related to quinone drugs for different pharmaceutical uses shows that the interest in new applications still increasing in recent years.

An Update on the Synthesis and Applications of Bis(Naphthoquinones): An Important Class of Molecules against Infectious Diseases and Other Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luana da S. M. Forezi ◽  
Acácio S. de Souza ◽  
Carolina G. S. Lima ◽  
Amanda A. Borges ◽  
Patricia G. Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
General Class ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Valuable Compounds ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

: Naphthoquinones are important molecules belonging to the general class of quinones, and many of these compounds have become drugs that are in the pharmaceutical market for the treatment of several diseases. A special subclass of compounds is that of the bis(naphthoquinones), which have two linked naphthoquinone units. In the last few years, several synthetic approaches toward such valuable compounds have been described, as well as their evaluation against numerous important biological targets. In this review, we provide a thorough discussion on the various synthetic methods reported for the synthesis of bis(naphthoquinone) analogues, also highlighting the biological activities of these substances.

scholarly journals Expanding Roles for Organoboron Compounds – Versatile and Valuable Molecules for Synthetic, Biological and Medicinal Chemistry

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicos A. Petasis
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Boronic Acids ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Organoboron Compounds ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Electrophilic Reactivity ◽  
Metal Catalyzed ◽  
New Applications

The present essay offers an overview of the latest developments in the chemistry of organoboron compounds. The unique structural characteristics and the versatile reactivity profile of organoboron compounds continue to expand their roles in several areas of chemistry. A growing number of boron-mediated reactions have become vital tools for synthetic chemistry, particularly in asymmetric synthesis, metal-catalyzed processes, acid catalysis, and multicomponent reactions. As a result, boronic acids and related molecules have now evolved as major players in synthetic and medicinal chemistry. Moreover, their remnant electrophilic reactivity, even under physiological conditions, has allowed their incorporation in a growing number of bioactive molecules, including bortezomib, a clinically approved anticancer agent. Finally, the sensitive and selective binding of boronic acids to diols and carbohydrates has led to the development of a growing number of novel chemosensors for the detection, quantification, and imaging of glucose and other carbohydrates. There is no doubt that the chemistry of organoboron compounds will continue to expand into new discoveries and new applications in several fields of science.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Applications of Solid Dispersions for Drugs and New Molecules: In Vitro and In Vivo Activities

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 933
Author(s):  
Verônica da Silva Oliveira ◽  
Amanda Silva de Almeida ◽  
Ingrid da Silva Albuquerque ◽  
Fernanda Ílary Costa Duarte ◽  
Bárbara Cristina Silva Holanda Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Polymeric Matrices ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
New Applications

This review aims to provide an overview of studies that address the use, in therapeutic applications, of solid dispersions (SDs) with biological activities in vitro and/or in vivo mainly made up of polymeric matrices, as well as to evaluate the bioactive activity of their constituents. This bibliographic survey shows that the development of solid dispersions provides benefits in the physicochemical properties of bioactive compounds, which lead to an increase in their biological potential. However, despite the reports found on solid dispersions, there is still a need for biological assay-based studies, mainly in vivo, to assist in the investigation and to devise new applications. Therefore, studies based on such an approach are of great importance to enhance and extend the use of solid dispersions in the most diverse therapeutic applications.

Chalcones: Retrospective Synthetic Approaches and Mechanistic Aspects of a Privileged Scaffold

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 2843-2858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emília P.T. Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Privileged Scaffold ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Synthetic Approaches

This review summarizes the synthetic methodologies used in the last 25 years for the synthesis of chalcones, which are a class of flavonoids having a 1,3-diphenyl-2-propene-1-one backbone. These compounds are considered a hot topic in the field of medicinal chemistry, due to their pharmacological activity and because they are important precursors for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with therapeutic applications such as: flavones, flavanones, isoxazolines, benzothiazepines, pyrimidines and pyrazolines derivatives.

scholarly journals FDA-Approved Oximes and Their Significance in Medicinal Chemistry

2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Jyothi Dhuguru ◽  
Eugene Zviagin ◽  
Rachid Skouta
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Hi 6 ◽  
Pharmacological Significance

Despite the scientific advancements, organophosphate (OP) poisoning continues to be a major threat to humans, accounting for nearly one million poisoning cases every year leading to at least 20,000 deaths worldwide. Oximes represent the most important class in medicinal chemistry, renowned for their widespread applications as OP antidotes, drugs and intermediates for the synthesis of several pharmacological derivatives. Common oxime based reactivators or nerve antidotes include pralidoxime, obidoxime, HI-6, trimedoxime and methoxime, among which pralidoxime is the only FDA-approved drug. Cephalosporins are β-lactam based antibiotics and serve as widely acclaimed tools in fighting bacterial infections. Oxime based cephalosporins have emerged as an important class of drugs with improved efficacy and a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Among the several oxime based derivatives, cefuroxime, ceftizoxime, cefpodoxime and cefmenoxime are the FDA approved oxime-based antibiotics. Given the pharmacological significance of oximes, in the present paper, we put together all the FDA-approved oximes and discuss their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and synthesis.

REVIEW ON THE SYNTHESIS AND POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS OF HETEROCYCLIC PRODUCTS OF 5-AMINO-3-METHYLISOXAZOLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (08) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Tahira Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Humble Khalid Tareen ◽  
Muhammad Rashid ◽  
Mehwish Nawaz ◽  
Hina Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Groups ◽  
Building Block ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Drug Molecule ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Biological Actions

In general, heterocyclic compounds have evoked interest and concern because of their fundamental role in biological profiles and biological actions in nature. Now, most of the lead molecules in medicinal chemistry are based on hetero-atoms. In medicinal chemistry- to bring two hetero-atoms to the drug molecule, isoxazoles are interesting functional groups. Isoxazole as a key building block has been widely used and is an important heterocyclic unit.

scholarly journals Synthetic Methods of Medicinally Important Heterocycles-thiazines: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-82
Author(s):  
Praveen Kumar Sharma ◽  
Andleeb Amin ◽  
M. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Research Community ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Therapeutic Applications ◽  
Reactive Materials

Heterocyclic compounds containing N and S atoms have unique properties so that they can be used as potential reactive materials in pharmacokinetic systems. In medicinal chemistry, the therapeutic applications of nitrogen sulphur heterocycles are well known. Especially, Thiazines attract the attention of chemists due to their great bioactive behavior. The present study is a review of the work carried out by the research community for the synthesis of novel, effective, medicinally important heterocyclic compounds-thiazines.

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