Thymol and its Derivatives for Management of Phytopathogenic fungi of maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Gaba ◽  
Sunita Sharma ◽  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Pardeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Mannich Bases ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Thymol Derivatives ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Blight Disease

Background: Thymol is a bioactive compound having many pharmacological activities. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the fungi toxic effects of thymol and derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi of maize. Method: Thymol was derivatized to get formylated thymol, Mannich bases, and imine derivatives. All the synthesized thymol derivatives were characterized by their physical and spectral properties. Synthesized thymol derivatives were screened for their in vitro antifungal effects using poisoned food technique against three maize pathogenic fungi namely Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani and Dreschlera maydis. Results: Thymol and formylated thymol showed promising results for control of D. maydis with ED50 values less than standard carbendazim and comparable to standard mancozeb. These two compounds were further evaluated for control of D. maydis causative maydis leaf blight disease on maize plants grown in the field during the Kharif season (June to October) 2018. Conclusion: Thymol exhibited significant control of maydis leaf blight disease of maize and emerged as a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides used in cereal crops.

scholarly journals Biocontrol potential of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA against phytopathogenic fungi causing postharvest fruit diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahaed Evangelista-Martínez ◽  
Erika Anahí Contreras-Leal ◽  
Luis Fernando Corona-Pedraza ◽  
Élida Gastélum-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Type I ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Habanero Pepper ◽  
Antagonistic Microorganisms

Abstract Background Fungi are one of the microorganisms that cause most damage to fruits worldwide, affecting their quality and consumption. Chemical controls with pesticides are used to diminish postharvest losses of fruits. However, biological control with microorganisms or natural compounds is an increasing alternative to protect fruits and vegetables. In this study, the antifungal effect of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA on phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest tropical fruit rot was investigated. Main body Antagonistic activity was evaluated in vitro by the dual confrontation over fungal isolates obtained from grape, mango, tomato, habanero pepper, papaya, sweet orange, and banana. The results showed that antagonistic activity of the isolate CACIS-1.5CA was similar to the commercial strain Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 against the pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Rhizopus sp. with percentages ranging from 30 to 63%. The bioactive extract obtained from CACIS-1.5 showed a strong inhibition of fungal spore germination, with percentages ranging from 92 to 100%. Morphological effects as irregular membrane border, deformation, shrinkage, and collapsed conidia were observed on the conidia. Molecularly, the biosynthetic clusters of genes for the polyketide synthase (PKS) type I, PKS type II, and NRPS were detected in the genome of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA. Conclusions This study presented a novel Streptomyces strain as a natural alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides or other commercial products having antagonistic microorganisms that were used in the postharvest control of phytopathogenic fungi affecting fruits.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Severity of Leaf Blight Disease of Chrysanthemum in Southern regions of Karnataka and in-vitro Fungicidal Effect on Alternaria alternata

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Shamala ◽  
G. R. Janardhana
Keyword(s):  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Life Sciences ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
In Vitro Evaluation ◽  
Karnataka State ◽  
Commercially Important ◽  
Blight Disease

Chrysanthemum is one of the commercially important flower crop with great potential both as loose and cut flowers in Karnataka state. In the present study, prevalence and incidence of leaf blight disease was studied in six major growing districts of South Karnataka during 2012 - 2013. The pathogen associated with leaf blight disease was isolated and identified as Alternaria alternata. The study revealed that, the disease was distributed in Southern districts of Karnataka wherever Chrysanthemum is grown. The varieties Chandini and Karnel were more susceptible to blight showing highest disease incidence (100%) and severity (100%) recorded from Mandya and Mysore regions. The lowest disease incidence, severity and PDI of 18.40%, 38.68% and 24.89% were recorded on Rajawhite variety in Bangalore region. During 2013, the highest disease incidence, severity and PDI with 100%, 98.47%, and 45.71% were recorded in Mysore district on Chandini variety. In vitro evaluation of four fungicides on Alternaria alternata revealed that Carbendazim+Mancozeb was most effective with 95.65% inhibition followed by Carbendazim, Mancozeb and Metalaxyl+Mancozeb with 68.26%, 91.30% and 91.30% inhibition of the mycelium at 2.0% concentration.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i3.12465   International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (3): 2015; 38-45

scholarly journals BIOASSAY OF BOTANICAL OILS AGAINST ALTERNARIA SOLANI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Tahira Parveen ◽  
Kanika Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Control Plant ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Good Potential ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Whatman Paper

Objective: In vitro antifungal activity of six essential oils of 1. Ocimum tenuiflorum (Purple leaves/Krishna Tulsi) 2. Cymbopogon citrates (Nimbu ghas), 3. Origanum majorina (Sweet majoram), 4. Ocimum citriodorum (Nimbu tulsi), 5. Ocimum bascillicum (Gulal tulsi), and 6. Ocimum sanctum (Green leaves/Shree tulsi) were investigated against economically important phytopathogenic fungi, Alternaria solani, isolated from infected chilly. Methods: The experiment was carried out by Whatman paper disc method using Whatman paper No.3 on Potato Dextrose Agar with three replicates. Five concentrations of each essential oils i.e., 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% were assayed against the test fungus. The experiment was carried out at 27ᵒC and mycelial growth was measured after every third day, upto 15 d using statistical method.Results: It is an evident from this study that all the oils used in this study are inhibiting test fungi, oil of O. bascillicum and O. sanctum are completely (100%) inhibiting test fungi.Conclusion: It may be concluded from the above study that all the taken oils have a good potential to control plant pathogenic fungi and these could be considered for developing a new fungicide.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Bio-Evaluation of Natural Butenolides-Acrylate Conjugates

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longzhu Bao ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Di Song ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xiufang Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
13C Nmr ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Activity Screening ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

A series of novel 3-aryl-4-hydroxy-2(5H) furanone-acrylate hybrids were designed and synthesized based on the natural butenolides and acrylates scaffolds. The structures of the prepared compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), and the bioactivity of the target compounds against twelve phytopathogenic fungi was investigated. The preliminary in vitro antifungal activity screening showed that most of the target compounds had moderate inhibition on various pathogenic fungi at the concentration of 100 mg·L−1, and presented broad-spectrum antifungal activities. Further studies also indicated that compounds 7e and 7k still showed some inhibitory activity against Pestallozzia theae, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Gibberella zeae on rape plants at lower concentrations, which could be optimized as a secondary lead for further research.

Novel Strobilurin Derivatives Containing Carboxylate Unit as Potential Antifungal Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Longzhu Bao ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Di Song ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xiali Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Control Failures

Background: Due to the extensive use of a single fungicide to control crop diseases, the increase of resistant individuals leads to control failures. The search for molecules with fungicidal activity is still ongoing. Strobilurin is one of the most popularly used fungicides in the agrochemical field. A large number of strobilurin derivatives with both high activity and low toxicity have been developed. Methods: In the present study, a series of novel ortho-substituted benzyl carboxylates were efficiently synthesized by the reaction of (E)-methyl 2-(2-(bromom-ethyl)phenyl)-2-methox-yiminoaceta with various carboxylic acids. Their structures were confirmed and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS analysis. Their fungicidal activities against common phytopathogenic fungi from six major cash crops were screened based on the pesticides guidelines for the laboratory bioactivity tests. Results: The primary fungicidal activity test results indicate that all compounds showed a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of 13 plants pathogenic fungi at a concentration of 100 ppm, and Compd. 3 has the most obvious inhibitory effect on all fungi. Further fungicidal activity studies indicate that some of these novel strobilurin derivatives containing carboxylate unit exhibited potential in vitro fungicidal activities at the dosage of 6.25 mg/L-1. Conclusion: A series of the ortho-substituted benzyl carboxylates derivatives containing β- methoxyacrylate moiety were designed and synthesized by modifying the side chain of traditional strobilurin fungicide. Compd. 3, Compd. 2 and Compd. 16 were identified as the most promising candidates for further study.

A Rapid and Efficient Method for In Vitro Screening of Taro for Leaf Blight Disease Caused by Phytophthora colocasiae

2016 ◽  
Vol 164 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
Vishnu Sukumari Nath ◽  
Shyni Basheer ◽  
Muthulekshmi Lajapathy Jeeva ◽  
Vinayaka Mahabaleswar Hegde ◽  
Asha Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
In Vitro Screening ◽  
Phytophthora Colocasiae ◽  
Blight Disease

scholarly journals Study on the In vitro and In vivo Antifungal Activities of Nano-silver against Mycoleptodiscus indicus causing Leaf Blight on Lotus in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang Thi Kim Hong ◽  
Nguyen Quang Hoang Vu ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Hanh ◽  
Tran Thi Ha ◽  
Le Quang Tien Dung
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Minimal Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Nano Silver ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Rrna Sequencing ◽  
Lotus Leaves

Background: Lotus, Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn is Vietnam’s symbol and Buddhism’s flower and plays an essential part in rural Vietnam’s economy as all aspects of lotus could bring benefits to farmers. But, unfortunately, lotus yield in Vietnam is seriously affected by various plant diseases. Among them, leaf blight is currently emerging as one of the primary diseases devastating lotus crops in Vietnam, in which there are large necrotic parts on lotus leaves, flowers and seeds. Methods: Aloe barbadensis extract was used for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. Leaf blight lotus leaves were collected to isolate pathogenic fungi-infection of isolated pathogenic fungi on the healthy lotus and then identify hidden mold by 28S rRNA sequencing. Determination of in vitro minimal inhibition concentration of nano-silver was conducted according to Azizi. The reduction of disease symptoms and biological characteristics of the treated lotus was observed. Result: Morphological analysis and molecular identification of 28S rRNA sequencing showed that the pathogenic microorganism was Mycoleptodiscus indicus (M. indicus). Both in vitro antifungal activity and in vivo treatment of leaf blight lotus using a nano-silver solution showed that 30 ppm of nano-silver was the minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) for totally eradicating M. indicus growth. This was the first time M. indicus was reported to infect and cause leaf blight on a lotus. Previously, M. indicus was a well-known plant pathogen that could cross-kingdom infect humans and animals. Thus, the fact that lotus is widely cultured in Vietnamese rural could increase the chance for M. indicus to spread; hence, this raised the alarm about its potential harm to plants, humans and animals. And, significantly, it revealed nano-silver as a possible approach to prevent M. indicus.

scholarly journals Activity of Vitis vinifera Tendrils Extract Against Phytopathogenic Fungi

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Fraternale ◽  
Donata Ricci ◽  
Giancarlo Verardo ◽  
Andrea Gorassini ◽  
Vilberto Stocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Agar Dilution Method

The in vitro antifungal activity was determined of an ethanolic extract of Vitis vinifera L. tendrils (TVV) against ten plant pathogenic fungi, using the agar dilution method; activity was shown against all tested fungi. Fusarium species were the most sensitive with MIC values ranging from 250 to 300 ppm, while the basidiomycete fungus Rhizoctonia solani was the most resistant, with a MIC value of 500 ppm. Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn) was used to obtain qualitative information on the main components of TVV. The high amount of polyphenolic compounds contained in TVV is likely to contribute significantly to its antifungal activity.

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