Biocontrol potential of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA against phytopathogenic fungi causing postharvest fruit diseases

Abstract Background Fungi are one of the microorganisms that cause most damage to fruits worldwide, affecting their quality and consumption. Chemical controls with pesticides are used to diminish postharvest losses of fruits. However, biological control with microorganisms or natural compounds is an increasing alternative to protect fruits and vegetables. In this study, the antifungal effect of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA on phytopathogenic fungi that cause postharvest tropical fruit rot was investigated. Main body Antagonistic activity was evaluated in vitro by the dual confrontation over fungal isolates obtained from grape, mango, tomato, habanero pepper, papaya, sweet orange, and banana. The results showed that antagonistic activity of the isolate CACIS-1.5CA was similar to the commercial strain Streptomyces lydicus WYEC 108 against the pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum sp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Botrytis sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Rhizopus sp. with percentages ranging from 30 to 63%. The bioactive extract obtained from CACIS-1.5 showed a strong inhibition of fungal spore germination, with percentages ranging from 92 to 100%. Morphological effects as irregular membrane border, deformation, shrinkage, and collapsed conidia were observed on the conidia. Molecularly, the biosynthetic clusters of genes for the polyketide synthase (PKS) type I, PKS type II, and NRPS were detected in the genome of Streptomyces sp. CACIS-1.5CA. Conclusions This study presented a novel Streptomyces strain as a natural alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides or other commercial products having antagonistic microorganisms that were used in the postharvest control of phytopathogenic fungi affecting fruits.

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Whole cells of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 proved more effective than cell-free and chitinase-based formulations in biological control of citrus fruit rot and groundnut rust

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w04-058 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (9) ◽

pp. 737-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

K Manjula ◽

G Krishna Kishore ◽

A R Podile

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Soft Rot ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Test Plant ◽

Active Metabolites ◽

Antagonistic Microorganisms

In foliar and postharvest biocontrol systems, the use of active metabolites produced by antagonistic microorganisms is advantageous compared with the use of living microorganisms. Chitinases, a major group of hydrolytic enzymes produced by biocontrol agents, are involved in the lysis of cell walls of pathogenic fungi. In the present study, an attempt was made to test the partially purified β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGase) of a biocontrol strain Bacillus subtilis AF 1 for control of rust in groundnut (caused by Puccinia arachidis) and soft rot in lemons (caused by Aspergillus niger). Four proteins of molecular mass 67, 40, 37, and 32 kDa were isolated from the culture filtrates of AF 1 by affinity chromatography, of which the 67-kDa protein has detectable chitinolytic ability. This protein (NAGase) effectively inhibited the in vitro growth of A. niger in microtitre plates. In the presence of NAGase, germination of urediniospores of P. arachidis was reduced by 96% compared with the control. In a detached leaf bioassay, NAGase reduced the rust lesion frequency by >60%. NAGase significantly reduced the incidence of soft rot in harvested lemon fruits. However, fresh cells and (or) alginate formulation of AF 1 were more effective than NAGase in control of both of the test plant – pathogen systems.Key words: chitinase, peanut rust, lemon fruit rot, biocontrol.

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In vitro CONFRONTATION OF Trichoderma spp. ISOLATES WITH PHYTOPATHOGENIC AND NON-PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v3i2.810 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Milton Luiz da Paz Lima ◽

Maria Cristina Araújo Vaz ◽

Aline Suelen da Silva ◽

Karoliny De Almeida Souza ◽

Gabriel Isaias Lee Tuñon

Keyword(s):

Filamentous Fungi ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Opposite Position ◽

Trichoderma Isolate ◽

Alternaria Sp ◽

Area Percentage

The aim of this study was the confrontation of Trichoderma spp. with pathogenic and non-pathogenic fungi. The Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi (Fusarium solani, Alternaria sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus niger) were transferred to potato-dextrose-agar (PDA). The confrontation was performed using Petri dishes inoculated with mycelial disks in opposite position (9 mm) of Trichoderma spp. and filamentous fungi. After inoculation the plates remained under 25 ° C regime to 12 hours light for a period of seven days. After this period was evaluated qualitatively according to the scale of Bell et al. (1982), which consists of the suitability scores for the area percentage of the culture medium under expression of antagonism. The isolate of C. gloeosporioides (jatropha) was isolated which had statistically slightly inhibited growth by Trichoderma spp., Unlike the isolated Alternaria sp. (parsley) was isolated micelial fungi suffered the most antagonism. Statistically the Trichoderma isolate derived from pineapple promoted the highest antagonistic activity against isolates of pathogenic fungi tested, being a candidate for use in biocontrol.

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Isolation of a New Mexican Strain ofBacillus subtiliswith Antifungal and Antibacterial Activities

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/2012/384978 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. G. L. Basurto-Cadena ◽

M. Vázquez-Arista ◽

J. García-Jiménez ◽

R. Salcedo-Hernández ◽

D. K. Bideshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Fusarium Verticillioides ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Plant Pathogenic Fungi ◽

New Mexican ◽

Number Of Leaves

Although several strains ofB. subtiliswith antifungal activity have been isolated worldwide, to date there are no published reports regarding the isolation of a nativeB. subtilisstrain from strawberry plants in Mexico. A native bacterium (Bacillus subtilis21) demonstratedin vitroantagonistic activity against different plant pathogenic fungi. Under greenhouse conditions, it was shown that plants infected withRhizoctonia solaniandFusarium verticillioidesand treated withB. subtilis21 produced augment in the number of leaves per plant and an increment in the length of healthy leaves in comparison with untreated plants. In addition,B. subtilis21 showed activity against pathogenic bacteria. Secreted proteins byB. subtilis21 were studied, detecting the presence of proteases and bacteriocin-like inhibitor substances that could be implicated in its antagonistic activity. Chitinases and zwittermicin production could not be detected. Then,B. subtilis21 could potentially be used to control phytopathogenic fungi that infect strawberry plants.

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Antagonistic activity of endophytic bacteria isolated from weed plant against stem end rot pathogen of pitaya in Vietnam

Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control ◽

10.1186/s41938-021-00362-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

Author(s):

The Anh Luu ◽

Quyet Tien Phi ◽

Thi Thu Hang Nguyen ◽

Mai Van Dinh ◽

Bich Ngoc Pham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Weed Plant ◽

Seedling Biomass ◽

Rot Disease ◽

Positive Results

Abstract Background Fungal stem end rot disease of pitaya caused by Alternaria alternata is one of the most destructive diseases in Binh Thuan province, Vietnam. This study aimed to assess the antagonistic effects of some endophytic bacteria isolated from the weed plant (Echinochloa colonum) against A. alternata. Results A total of 19 endophytic bacteria were isolated and 5 of them presented in vitro antagonistic activity against A. alternata. Of five, strain EC80 significantly inhibited the pathogenic growth with a mean inhibition diameter of 11.88 ± 0.08 mm, while the other four (C79, EC83, EC90, and EC97) showed a weak inhibition. Interestingly, the combination of EC79 and EC80 reduced more biomass of pathogenic fungi than the single one did. EC79 showed positive results for amylase, indole acetic acid (IAA), and biofilm production, whereas EC80 presented positive capabilities for IAA and biofilm production and a negative one for amylase production. In addition, the combined filtrate of EC79 and EC80 presented non-antifungal activity on biocontrol tests in vitro, indicating that bacteria cells played a role in defending against the pathogen. Moreover, both isolates EC79 and EC80 significantly increased seedling biomass than the control. Conclusions The results suggest that those two strains in combination had the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent against A. alternata. More studies should be done in the future to evaluate their efficiency under the field conditions.

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Thymol and its Derivatives for Management of Phytopathogenic fungi of maize

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407218666211230142546 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Jyoti Gaba ◽

Sunita Sharma ◽

Harleen Kaur ◽

Pardeep Kaur

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Mannich Bases ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Leaf Blight ◽

Significant Control ◽

Thymol Derivatives ◽

Potential Alternative ◽

Blight Disease

Background: Thymol is a bioactive compound having many pharmacological activities. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the fungi toxic effects of thymol and derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi of maize. Method: Thymol was derivatized to get formylated thymol, Mannich bases, and imine derivatives. All the synthesized thymol derivatives were characterized by their physical and spectral properties. Synthesized thymol derivatives were screened for their in vitro antifungal effects using poisoned food technique against three maize pathogenic fungi namely Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani and Dreschlera maydis. Results: Thymol and formylated thymol showed promising results for control of D. maydis with ED50 values less than standard carbendazim and comparable to standard mancozeb. These two compounds were further evaluated for control of D. maydis causative maydis leaf blight disease on maize plants grown in the field during the Kharif season (June to October) 2018. Conclusion: Thymol exhibited significant control of maydis leaf blight disease of maize and emerged as a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides used in cereal crops.

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Antimicrobial activity of extracellular metabolites from antagonistic bacteria isolated from potato (Solanum phureja) crops

Summa Phytopathologica ◽

10.1590/0100-5405/1953 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 212-220 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sinar David Granada García ◽

Antoni Rueda Lorza ◽

Carlos Alberto Peláez

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Cyclic Peptide ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Solanum Phureja ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Extracellular Metabolites

Microorganisms for biological control are capable of producing active compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogens, constituting a promising tool toob tain active principles that could replace synthetic pesticides. This study evaluatedtheability of severalpotentialbiocontrol microorganismsto produce active extracellular metabolites. In vitro antagonistic capability of 50 bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soils of "criolla" potato (Solanum phureja) was tested through dual culture in this plant with different plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria. Isolates that showed significantly higher antagonistic activity were fermented in liquid media and crude extracts from the supernatants had their biological activities assessed by optical density techniques. Inhibitory effecton tested pathogens was observed for concentrations between 0.5% and 1% of crude extracts. There was a correlation between the antimicrobial activity of extracts and the use of nutrient-rich media in bacteria fermentation. Using a bioguided method, a peptidic compound, active against Fusarium oxysporum, was obtained from the 7ANT04 strain (Pyrobaculum sp.). Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography coupled to mass detector evidenced an 11-amino acid compound. Bioinformatic software using raw mass data confirmed the presence of a cyclic peptide conformed by 11 mostly non-standard amino acids.

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ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BACTERIAL ANTAGONISTS OF THE DRAGON FRUIT FUNGAL PATHOGEN Neoscytalidium dimidiatum

Journal of Science and Technology - IUH ◽

10.46242/jst-iuh.v44i02.1036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (02) ◽

Author(s):

NGUYEN NGOC AN ◽

HUA HUYNH MINH THAO ◽

HO NGUYEN HOANG YEN ◽

NGUYEN THI DIEU HANH ◽

NGUYEN LE HIEN HOA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Fungal Spore ◽

Stem Canker ◽

Antagonistic Effect ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Neoscytalidium Dimidiatum ◽

Dragon Fruit

Dragon fruit or pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.) are famous for their nutrient-rich favourable taste, which brings high economic value to subtropical and tropical countries. However, dragon fruit cultivation all over the world is threatened by fungal pathogens and among them, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum has recently been shown to be responsible for stem canker and fruit rot which cause big economic losses. In order to find an environmentally friendly way to control this pathogen, five out of sixty-nine bacterial isolates used in a screening test for antifungal activity were selected. All five strains appeared to be aerobic Gram positive spore forming bacteria suggesting that they all belong to the Bacillus genus. Cell-free culture supernatants of these strains were found to strongly inhibit both fungal spore germination and mycelia growth in vitro for at least 5 days. The strain D19 which possessed the highest antagonistic effect was further identified to be Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, a well-known species shown to have antifungal effect against several other pathogenic fungi. Thus, the results of this study opened a new promising perspective to prevent Neoscytalidium dimidiatum infection during cultivation of dragon fruit.

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Plant-Dependent Genotypic and Phenotypic Diversity of Antagonistic Rhizobacteria Isolated from Different Verticillium Host Plants

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.68.7.3328-3338.2002 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 68 (7) ◽

pp. 3328-3338 ◽

Cited By ~ 262

Author(s):

Gabriele Berg ◽

Nicolle Roskot ◽

Anette Steidle ◽

Leo Eberl ◽

Angela Zock ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Oilseed Rape ◽

Phenotypic Diversity ◽

Acid Methyl Ester ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Microtiter Plates

ABSTRACT To study the effect of plant species on the abundance and diversity of bacterial antagonists, the abundance, the phenotypic diversity, and the genotypic diversity of rhizobacteria isolated from potato, oilseed rape, and strawberry and from bulk soil which showed antagonistic activity towards the soilborne pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb. were analyzed. Rhizosphere and soil samples were taken five times over two growing seasons in 1998 and 1999 from a randomized field trial. Bacterial isolates were obtained after plating on R2A (Difco, Detroit, Mich.) or enrichment in microtiter plates containing high-molecular-weight substrates followed by plating on R2A. A total of 5,854 bacteria isolated from the rhizosphere of strawberry, potato, or oilseed rape or bulk soil from fallow were screened by dual testing for in vitro antagonism towards Verticillium. The proportion of isolates with antagonistic activity was highest for strawberry rhizosphere (9.5%), followed by oilseed rape (6.3%), potato (3.7%), and soil (3.3%). The 331 Verticillium antagonists were identified by their fatty acid methyl ester profiles. They were characterized by testing their in vitro antagonism against other pathogenic fungi; their glucanolytic, chitinolytic, and proteolytic activities; and their BOX-PCR fingerprints. The abundance and composition of Verticillium antagonists was plant species dependent. A rather high proportion of antagonists from the strawberry rhizosphere was identified as Pseudomonas putida B (69%), while antagonists belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae (Serratia spp., Pantoea agglomerans) were mainly isolated from the rhizosphere of oilseed rape. For P. putida A and B plant-specific genotypes were observed, suggesting that these bacteria were specifically enriched in each rhizosphere.

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Fusarihexins A and B: Novel Cyclic Hexadepsipeptides from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Fusarium sp. R5 with Antifungal Activities

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-0647-7048 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 84 (18) ◽

pp. 1355-1362 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Xinwei Zhu ◽

Yu Zhong ◽

Zihui Xie ◽

Manlin Wu ◽

Zhibo Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Fungus ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Chemical Structures ◽

Mangrove Endophytic Fungus ◽

Fusarium Sp ◽

Colletotrichum Musae

AbstractTwo novel cyclic hexadepsipeptides, fusarihexin A (1) and fusarihexin B (2), and two known compounds, cyclo-(L-Leu–L-Leu–D-Leu–L-Leu–L-Val) (3) and cyclo-(L-Leu–L-Leu–D-Leu–L-Leu–L-Ile) (4), were isolated from the marine mangrove endophytic fungus Fusarium sp. R5. Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and Marfeyʼs analysis. In an in vitro bioassay, fusarihexin A (1) remarkably inhibited three plant pathogenic fungi: Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., which causes anthracnose in many fruits and vegetables, Colletotrichum musae (Berk. and M. A. Curtis) Arx, which causes crown rot and anthracnose in bananas, and Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht. f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W. C. Snyder et H. N. Hansen, which causes Fusarium wilt and fruit rot in tomatoes. Fusarihexin B (2) strongly inhibited C. gloeosporioides and C. musae. The compounds were more potent than carbendazim, which is widely used as an agricultural and horticultural fungicide worldwide.

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